饲喂频率对哺乳仔猪生长性能和骨骼肌蛋白质合成的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在比较饲喂频率对哺乳仔猪生长性能、胴体组成和骨骼肌蛋白质合成相关基因表达的影响。试验选用来自于4头母猪的16头4日龄的"杜×长×大"仔猪,按体重和性别配对成8对,每对仔猪随机分配到每天饲喂6次组(M6组)和每天饲喂12次组(M12组),每组8头猪,每个配对内仔猪采食量保持一致,人工乳饲喂21 d。结果表明:1)与M12组相比,M6组仔猪的末重,第2周、第3周和全期的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),第2周、第3周和全期的料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与M12组相比,M6组仔猪胴体瘦肉率、背最长肌重和半腱肌重显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与M12组相比,M6组仔猪背最长肌胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)基因表达量有提高的趋势(P=0. 05);与M12组相比,仔猪背最长肌胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、真核细胞翻译起始因子4E(EIF4E)和核糖体蛋白S6(RPS6)的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),ⅡB型活化素受体(ACVR2B)和Ⅰ型活化素受体样激酶5(ALK5)的mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05);与M12组相比,M6组仔猪背最长肌肌肉生长抑素(MSTN) mRNA表达量没有显著变化(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,降低饲喂频率可促进胴体瘦肉沉积和骨骼肌生长,主要通过上调IGF1-IGF1R-mTOR通途路下调M STN受体表达来实现。
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of meal frequency on growth performance,carcass composition and muscular protein synthesis-related genes expression in suckling piglets. Sixteen piglets of a crossbred genotype [Duroc×( Landrace×Large White) ]were obtained from 4 litters in 4 successive replicates and grouped into 8 pairs according to sex and body weight. At 4 days of age,piglets within each pair were offered the same amount of feed allowance either in 6( M6 group,n = 8) or 12( M12 group,n = 8)meals per day during a 3-week interventional period. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with M12 group,the final body weight and average daily body weight at week 2,week 3 and during the whole trial in M6 group significantly increased( P<0.05),and the feed/gain at week 2,week 3 and during the whole trial significantly decreased( P<0.05). 2) Compared with M12 group,the carcass lean percentage and weight of longissimus muscle and semitendinosus muscle in M6 group significantly increased( P < 0. 05). 3) Compared with M12 group,the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1( IG F1 R) in M6 group had an increasing trend( P = 0.05); compared with M12 group,the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor( IG F1 R),mammalian target of rapamcin( mTOR),eukaryotic cells translate initiation factor 4 E( EIF4 E)and ribosomal protein S6( RPS6) in M6 group significantly increased( P < 0.05),and the mRNA expression of Ⅱ type B activated receptor( ACVR2 B) and type Ⅰ activated kinase receptor( ALK5) in M6 group significantly decreased( P<0.05); compared with M12 group,the mRNA expression of myostatin( MSTN) in M6 group had no significant change( P>0.05). Collectively,reduced meal frequency results in accelerated carcass lean deposition and muscle hypotrophy,which may be mediated by activated IGF1-IGF1 R-mTOR pathway and down-regulated expression of MSTN receptors.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3049-3057]
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of meal frequency on growth performance,carcass composition and muscular protein synthesis-related genes expression in suckling piglets. Sixteen piglets of a crossbred genotype [Duroc×( Landrace×Large White) ]were obtained from 4 litters in 4 successive replicates and grouped into 8 pairs according to sex and body weight. At 4 days of age,piglets within each pair were offered the same amount of feed allowance either in 6( M6 group,n = 8) or 12( M12 group,n = 8)meals per day during a 3-week interventional period. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with M12 group,the final body weight and average daily body weight at week 2,week 3 and during the whole trial in M6 group significantly increased( P<0.05),and the feed/gain at week 2,week 3 and during the whole trial significantly decreased( P<0.05). 2) Compared with M12 group,the carcass lean percentage and weight of longissimus muscle and semitendinosus muscle in M6 group significantly increased( P < 0. 05). 3) Compared with M12 group,the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1( IG F1 R) in M6 group had an increasing trend( P = 0.05); compared with M12 group,the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor( IG F1 R),mammalian target of rapamcin( mTOR),eukaryotic cells translate initiation factor 4 E( EIF4 E)and ribosomal protein S6( RPS6) in M6 group significantly increased( P < 0.05),and the mRNA expression of Ⅱ type B activated receptor( ACVR2 B) and type Ⅰ activated kinase receptor( ALK5) in M6 group significantly decreased( P<0.05); compared with M12 group,the mRNA expression of myostatin( MSTN) in M6 group had no significant change( P>0.05). Collectively,reduced meal frequency results in accelerated carcass lean deposition and muscle hypotrophy,which may be mediated by activated IGF1-IGF1 R-mTOR pathway and down-regulated expression of MSTN receptors.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3049-3057]
引文
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[23] ELLIOTT B,RENSHAW D,GETTING S,et al. The central role of myostatin in skeletal muscle and whole body homeostasis[J]. Acta Physiologica,2012,205(3):324-340.
[2] ZETZSCHE A,PIEPER R,ZENTEK J. Influence of formula versus sowmilk feeding on trace element status and expression of zinc-related genes in the jejunum,liver and pancreas of neonatal piglets[J]. Archives of Animal Nutrition,2015,69(5):366-377.
[3] SCHMITT O,O’DRISCOLL K,BOYLE L A,et al.Artificial rearing affects piglets pre-weaning behaviour,welfare and growth performance[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2019,210:16-25.
[4] HU L,HAN F,CHEN L,et al. High nutrient intake during the early postnatal period accelerates skeletal muscle fiber growth and maturity in intrauterine growth-restricted pigs[J]. Genes&Nutrition,2018,13:23.
[5] CHE L,XUAN Y,HU L,et al.Effect of postnatal nutrition restriction on the oxidative status of neonates with intrauterine growth restriction in a pig model[J].Neonatology,2015,107(2):93-99.
[6] EL-KADI S W,BOUTRY C,SURYAWAN A,et al.Intermittent bolus feeding promotes greater lean growth than continuous feeding in a neonatal piglet model[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2018,108(4):830-841.
[7] DAVIS T A,FIOROTTO ML,SURYAWAN A.Bolus vs.continuous feeding to optimize anabolism in neonates[J]. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care,2015,18(1):102-108.
[8] LIU J B,CAI X,XIONG H,et al. Effects of feeding frequency on meat quality traits and Longissimus muscle proteome in finishing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(6):1175-1184.
[9] CHEN Y,MCCAULEY S R,JOHNSON S E,et al.Downregulated translation initiation signaling predisposes low-birth-weight neonatal pigs to slower rates of muscle protein synthesis[J]. Frontiers in Physiology,2017,8:482.
[10] EL-KADI S W,GAZZANEO MC,SURYAWAN A,et al. Viscera and muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs is increased more by intermittent bolus than by continuous feeding[J]. Pediatric Research,2013,74(2):154-162.
[11] MA X M,BLENIS J. Molecular mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational control[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2009,10(5):307-318.
[12] HAN H Q,MITCH W E.Targeting the myostatin signaling pathway to treat muscle wasting diseases[J].Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care,2011,5(4):334-341.
[13] LAPLANTE M,SABATINI D M.mTOR signaling in growth control and disease[J]. Cell,2012,149(2):274-293.
[14] HE Q H,REN P P,KONG X F,et al. Intrauterine growth restriction alters the metabonome of the serum and jejunum in piglets[J]. Molecular Biosystems,2011,7(7):2147-2155.
[15] REHFELDT C,STABENOW B,PFUHL R,et al.Effects of limited and excess protein intakes of pregnant gilts on carcass quality and cellular properties of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in fattening pigs’[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(1):184-196.
[16] AKINTORIN S M,KAMAT M,PILDES R S,et al.A prospective randomized trial of feeding methods in very lowbirth weight infants[J].Pediatrics,1997,100(4):E4.
[17] SCHANLER R J,SHULMAN R J,LAU C,et al.Feeding strategies for premature infants:randomized trial of gastrointestinal priming and tube-feeding method[J].Pediatrics,1999,103(2):434-439.
[18] EL-KADI S W,SURYAWAN A,GAZZANEO MC,et al.Anabolic signaling and protein deposition are enhanced by intermittent compared with continuous feeding in skeletal muscle of neonates[J]. American Journal of Physiology:Endocrinology and Metabolism,2012,302(6):E674-E686.
[19] GAZZANEO M.Differential regulation of protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs after a meal[J].Pediatric Research,2011,70(3):253-260.
[20] NEWMAN R E,DOWNING J A,THOMSON P C,et al. Insulin secretion,body composition and pig performance are altered by feeding pattern[J]. Animal Production Science,2014,54(3):319-328.
[21] PUCHE J E,CASTILLA-CORTZAR I.Human conditions of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)deficiency[J]. Journal of Translational Medicine,2012,10:224.
[22] YAKAR S,LIU J L,STANNARD B,et al. Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96(13):7324-7329.
[23] ELLIOTT B,RENSHAW D,GETTING S,et al. The central role of myostatin in skeletal muscle and whole body homeostasis[J]. Acta Physiologica,2012,205(3):324-340.