柴达木盆地英西地区中深层油气成藏过程分析
|
摘要
近年柴达木盆地英西地区已形成亿吨级规模储量区,主要是受广覆式灰云岩储层、优质盐岩盖层、晚期隆起背景复合控制,形成源—储一体的咸化湖相碳酸盐岩大型构造—岩性油气藏。英西地区位于柴达木盆地西部新生界主力烃源岩发育区内,中深层(下干柴沟组)具有近油源的先天优势,前人认为英西中深层油藏原油主要源自古近系烃源岩,对油源类型及优质储层的发育模式等进行了很多研究,但对于中深层油气充注期次和成藏过程并未进行深入研究。通过储层定量颗粒荧光、包裹体岩相学、显微测温等分析技术,结合埋藏史和热史,系统分析了英西地区中深层油气成藏演化过程。英西地区中深层原油主体为正常的中质油,但储层的QGF-E和TSF特征表明具有重质、极性极强的原油存在;储层中主要发育黄色和淡蓝色荧光2类烃包裹体,结合伴生盐水包裹体均一温度及埋藏史和热史分析认为,英西地区中深层主要经历了下油砂山组沉积末期(15Ma)的低成熟阶段原油充注、上油砂山组沉积末期(7Ma)至今的成熟—高成熟阶段原油充注的2期成藏过程;同时,由于受喜马拉雅晚期强烈构造运动影响,中深层油藏经历了原油充注和向上覆地层调整的过程。
In recent years,the Yingxi area of the Qaidam Basin has formed a tonnage-scale reserve reservoir,which is mainly controlled by the wide-covering gray-rock reservoir,the high-quality salt rock cover,and the late uplift background,forming the large-scale tectonic-lithologic reservoirs of carbonate rocks.The Yingxi area is located in the Cenozoic main source rock development area in the western Qaidam Basin,and the middle and deep layers(Lower Ganchaigou Formation)have the inherent advantages of near to oil source.The predecessors believed that the crude oil in the deep reservoir was mainly from the Paleogene source rock,and have done a lot of research work on the oil source type and the development pattern of the high quality reservoir,but the process of oil charging has not been deeply studied.In this paper,the dynamic evolution of oil in the Yingxi area is analyzed systematically by means of reservoir quantitative grain fluorescence analysis,fluid inclusions petrography,homogenization temperature measurement and so on,combined with burial history and thermal history analysis.Yingxi middle-deep layer is characterized by rich middle density oil charging,while the result of QGF-E and TSF indicate that heavy and polarity oil exist in the reservoir.The reservoir mainly develop yellow and light blue fluorescent inclusions.Combined with the homogenization temperature of associated saline inclusions and burial and thermal history,it is concluded that the middle and deep layers of the Yingxi area mainly experienced the low-maturity oil charging in the late Lower Youshashan Formation(15 Ma),and the mature-highly matured oil charging in the late Upper Youshashan Formation(7 Ma).Meanwhile,due to the influence of the late stage of Himalayan tectonic movement,the middle and deep reservoirs have experienced the process of oil charging and transferring to upward layers.
In recent years,the Yingxi area of the Qaidam Basin has formed a tonnage-scale reserve reservoir,which is mainly controlled by the wide-covering gray-rock reservoir,the high-quality salt rock cover,and the late uplift background,forming the large-scale tectonic-lithologic reservoirs of carbonate rocks.The Yingxi area is located in the Cenozoic main source rock development area in the western Qaidam Basin,and the middle and deep layers(Lower Ganchaigou Formation)have the inherent advantages of near to oil source.The predecessors believed that the crude oil in the deep reservoir was mainly from the Paleogene source rock,and have done a lot of research work on the oil source type and the development pattern of the high quality reservoir,but the process of oil charging has not been deeply studied.In this paper,the dynamic evolution of oil in the Yingxi area is analyzed systematically by means of reservoir quantitative grain fluorescence analysis,fluid inclusions petrography,homogenization temperature measurement and so on,combined with burial history and thermal history analysis.Yingxi middle-deep layer is characterized by rich middle density oil charging,while the result of QGF-E and TSF indicate that heavy and polarity oil exist in the reservoir.The reservoir mainly develop yellow and light blue fluorescent inclusions.Combined with the homogenization temperature of associated saline inclusions and burial and thermal history,it is concluded that the middle and deep layers of the Yingxi area mainly experienced the low-maturity oil charging in the late Lower Youshashan Formation(15 Ma),and the mature-highly matured oil charging in the late Upper Youshashan Formation(7 Ma).Meanwhile,due to the influence of the late stage of Himalayan tectonic movement,the middle and deep reservoirs have experienced the process of oil charging and transferring to upward layers.
引文
[1]Li Yuankui,Wang Tiecheng.Middle-deep fractural oil reservoir of Shizigou area in Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(6):12-15.[李元奎,王铁成.柴达木盆地狮子沟地区中深层裂缝性油藏[J].石油勘探开发,2001,28(6):12-15.]
[2]Jin Qiang,Zha Ming,Zhao Lei.Identification of effective source rocks in the Tertiary evaporate facies in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(1):125-135.[金强,查明,赵磊.柴达木盆地西部第三系盐湖相有效生油岩的识别[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):125-135.]
[3]Jiang Bo,Yuan Jianying,Yang Jianping,et al.Prospects for petroleum exploration of Altun foothill belt in western Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(6):596-598.[江波,袁剑英,杨剑萍,等.柴达木盆地西部阿尔金山前油气勘探前景[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(6):596-598.]
[4]Xia Zhiyuan,Liu Zhanguo,Li Senming,et al.Origin and developing model of rock salt:A case study of lower Ganchaigou Formation of Paleogene in the west of Yingdong ridge,Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):55-65.[夏志远,刘占国,李森明,等.岩盐成因与发育模式——以柴达木盆地英西地区古近系下干柴沟组为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):55-65.]
[5]Chen Dengqian,Shen Xiaoshuang,Cui Jun,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of deep diamictite in Yingxi area,Qaidam Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(5):211-217.[陈登钱,沈晓双,崔俊,等.柴达木盆地英西地区深部混积岩储层特征及控制因素[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):211-217.]
[6]Huang Chenggang,Cui Jun,Gaun Xin,et al.Reservoir space types of Oligocence Xiaganchaigou Formation from Well S3-1in Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin,China[J].Journal of Earth Science and Environment,2017,39(2):255-266.[黄成刚,崔俊,关新,等.柴达木盆地英西地区S3-1井渐新统下干柴沟组储集空间类型[J].地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(2):255-266.]
[7]Burruss R C,Cercone K R,Harris P M.Fluid inclusion petrography and tectonic-burial history of the Al Ali No.2well:Evidence for the timing of diagenesis and oil migration,northern Oman Foredeep[J].Geology,1983,11(10):567-570.
[8]Roedder E.Fluid inclusion evidence on the environments of sedimentary diagenesis,a review[J].SEPM Special Publication,1979(26):89-107.
[9]Parnell J,Carey P F,Monson B.Fluid inclusion constraints on temperatures of petroleum migration from authigenic quartz in bitumen veins[J].Chemical Geology,1996,129(3/4):217-226.
[10]Guilhaumou N,Szydlowskii N,Pradier B.Characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions by infra-red and fluorescence microspectrometry[J].Mineralogical Magazine,1990,54(375):311-324.
[11]Zhang Nai.Analysis Technology and Application of Fluid Inclusion in Petroleum-Bearing Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2016:1-25.[张鼐.含油气盆地流体包裹体分析技术与运用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2016:1-25.]
[12]Karlsen D A,Nedkvitne T,larter S R,et al.Hydrocarbon composition of authigenic inclusions:Application to elucidation of petroleum reservoir filing history[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57(15):3641-3659.
[13]Munz I A.Petroleum inclusion in sedimentary basins:Systematics,analytical methods and applications[J].Lithos,2001,55(1):195-212.
[14]Ryder A G.Analysis of crude petroleum oils using fluorescence spectroscopy[M]//Geddes C D,Lakowicz J R.Annual Reviews in Fluorescence.London:Springer-Verlag,2005:169-198.
[15]Lu Xuesong,Liu Keyu,Zhao Mengjun,et al.Analytical Techniques of Geochronology and Their Applications in Hydrocarbon Accumulation Research[M].Beijng:Science Press,2017:135-157.[鲁雪松,刘可禹,赵孟军,等.油气成藏年代学分析技术与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:135-157.]
[16]Dang Yuqi,Xiong Jihui,Liu Zhen,et al.Main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation in Qaidam Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(6):614-619.[党玉琪,熊继辉,刘震,等.柴达木盆地油气成藏主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(6):614-619.]
[17]Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum geological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):640-644.[袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):640-644.]
[18]Fu Suotang.Key controlling factors of oil gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin and its implications for favorable exploration direction[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):373-379.[付锁堂.柴达木盆地西部油气成藏主控因素与有利勘探方向[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):373-379.]
[19]Huang Chenggang,Wang Jiangong,Wu Lirong,et al.Characteristics of Paleogene lacustrine carbonate reservoirs and oil-bearing property analysis:A case study of the Yingxi area of western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):909-921.[黄成刚,王建功,吴丽荣,等.古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储集特征与含油性分析——以柴达木盆地英西地区为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):909-921.]
[20]Huang Chenggang,Guan Xin,Ni Xianglong,et al.The characteristics and major factors controlling on the E23dolomite reservoirs in saline lacustrine basin in the Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(2):219-231.[黄成刚,关新,倪祥龙,等.柴达木盆地英西地区E23咸化湖盆白云岩储集层特征及发育主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(2):219-231.]
[21]Li Heyong,Liu Zhen,Dang Yuqi,et al.Evolution of geotemperature-pressure systems and its relation to distribution of oil-gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2006,41(4):564-577.[李鹤永,刘震,党玉琪,等.柴达木盆地西部地区地温—地压系统演化及其与油气成藏的关系[J].地质科学,2006,41(4):564-577.]
[22]Liu K,Eadington P.Quantitative fluorescence techniques for detecting residual oils and reconstructing hydrocarbons charge history[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(7):1023-1036.
[23]Liu K,George Sc,Lu X,et al.Innovative fluorescence spectroscopic techniques for rapidly characterising oil inclusions[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,72:34-45.
[24]Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Zhuo Qingong,et al.Palaeofluid evolution process in well block Tubei 1in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):26-35.[吴海,赵孟军,卓勤功,等.库车坳陷吐北1井区古流体演化过程[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):26-35.]
[25]Pamelij J.Potential of palaeofluid analysis for understanding oil charge history[J].Geofluids,2010,10(1/2):73-82.
[26]Zhao Yanjun,Chen Honghan.The relationship between fluorescence colors of oil inclusions and their maturities[J].Earth Science:Journal of University of Geosciences,2008,33(1):91-96.[赵艳军,陈红汉.油包裹体荧光颜色及其成熟度关系[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008,33(1):91-96.]
[27]Cao Guoqiang,Chen Shiyue,Xu Fengyin,et al.Geno-Mesozoic sedimentary and tectonic evolution in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Geology in China,2005,3(1):33-40.[曹国强,陈世悦,徐凤银,等.柴达木盆地西部中—新生代沉积构造演化[J].中国地质,2005,3(1):33-40.]
[28]Sui Liwei,Fang Shihu,Sun Yonghe,et al.The tectonic evolution and accumulation controlling characteristics of ShizhigouYingdong structural belt of western Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Forntiers,2014,21(1):261-270.[隋立伟,方世虎,孙永河,等.柴达木盆地西部狮子沟—英东构造带演化及控藏特征[J].地学前缘,2014,21(1):261-270.]
(1)王鹏.英西勘探开发进展与2016年部署.青海油田研究院.内部报告,2016.
[2]Jin Qiang,Zha Ming,Zhao Lei.Identification of effective source rocks in the Tertiary evaporate facies in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(1):125-135.[金强,查明,赵磊.柴达木盆地西部第三系盐湖相有效生油岩的识别[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):125-135.]
[3]Jiang Bo,Yuan Jianying,Yang Jianping,et al.Prospects for petroleum exploration of Altun foothill belt in western Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(6):596-598.[江波,袁剑英,杨剑萍,等.柴达木盆地西部阿尔金山前油气勘探前景[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(6):596-598.]
[4]Xia Zhiyuan,Liu Zhanguo,Li Senming,et al.Origin and developing model of rock salt:A case study of lower Ganchaigou Formation of Paleogene in the west of Yingdong ridge,Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):55-65.[夏志远,刘占国,李森明,等.岩盐成因与发育模式——以柴达木盆地英西地区古近系下干柴沟组为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):55-65.]
[5]Chen Dengqian,Shen Xiaoshuang,Cui Jun,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of deep diamictite in Yingxi area,Qaidam Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(5):211-217.[陈登钱,沈晓双,崔俊,等.柴达木盆地英西地区深部混积岩储层特征及控制因素[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):211-217.]
[6]Huang Chenggang,Cui Jun,Gaun Xin,et al.Reservoir space types of Oligocence Xiaganchaigou Formation from Well S3-1in Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin,China[J].Journal of Earth Science and Environment,2017,39(2):255-266.[黄成刚,崔俊,关新,等.柴达木盆地英西地区S3-1井渐新统下干柴沟组储集空间类型[J].地球科学与环境学报,2017,39(2):255-266.]
[7]Burruss R C,Cercone K R,Harris P M.Fluid inclusion petrography and tectonic-burial history of the Al Ali No.2well:Evidence for the timing of diagenesis and oil migration,northern Oman Foredeep[J].Geology,1983,11(10):567-570.
[8]Roedder E.Fluid inclusion evidence on the environments of sedimentary diagenesis,a review[J].SEPM Special Publication,1979(26):89-107.
[9]Parnell J,Carey P F,Monson B.Fluid inclusion constraints on temperatures of petroleum migration from authigenic quartz in bitumen veins[J].Chemical Geology,1996,129(3/4):217-226.
[10]Guilhaumou N,Szydlowskii N,Pradier B.Characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions by infra-red and fluorescence microspectrometry[J].Mineralogical Magazine,1990,54(375):311-324.
[11]Zhang Nai.Analysis Technology and Application of Fluid Inclusion in Petroleum-Bearing Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2016:1-25.[张鼐.含油气盆地流体包裹体分析技术与运用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2016:1-25.]
[12]Karlsen D A,Nedkvitne T,larter S R,et al.Hydrocarbon composition of authigenic inclusions:Application to elucidation of petroleum reservoir filing history[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57(15):3641-3659.
[13]Munz I A.Petroleum inclusion in sedimentary basins:Systematics,analytical methods and applications[J].Lithos,2001,55(1):195-212.
[14]Ryder A G.Analysis of crude petroleum oils using fluorescence spectroscopy[M]//Geddes C D,Lakowicz J R.Annual Reviews in Fluorescence.London:Springer-Verlag,2005:169-198.
[15]Lu Xuesong,Liu Keyu,Zhao Mengjun,et al.Analytical Techniques of Geochronology and Their Applications in Hydrocarbon Accumulation Research[M].Beijng:Science Press,2017:135-157.[鲁雪松,刘可禹,赵孟军,等.油气成藏年代学分析技术与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:135-157.]
[16]Dang Yuqi,Xiong Jihui,Liu Zhen,et al.Main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation in Qaidam Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(6):614-619.[党玉琪,熊继辉,刘震,等.柴达木盆地油气成藏主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(6):614-619.]
[17]Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum geological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):640-644.[袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):640-644.]
[18]Fu Suotang.Key controlling factors of oil gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin and its implications for favorable exploration direction[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):373-379.[付锁堂.柴达木盆地西部油气成藏主控因素与有利勘探方向[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):373-379.]
[19]Huang Chenggang,Wang Jiangong,Wu Lirong,et al.Characteristics of Paleogene lacustrine carbonate reservoirs and oil-bearing property analysis:A case study of the Yingxi area of western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):909-921.[黄成刚,王建功,吴丽荣,等.古近系湖相碳酸盐岩储集特征与含油性分析——以柴达木盆地英西地区为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):909-921.]
[20]Huang Chenggang,Guan Xin,Ni Xianglong,et al.The characteristics and major factors controlling on the E23dolomite reservoirs in saline lacustrine basin in the Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(2):219-231.[黄成刚,关新,倪祥龙,等.柴达木盆地英西地区E23咸化湖盆白云岩储集层特征及发育主控因素[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(2):219-231.]
[21]Li Heyong,Liu Zhen,Dang Yuqi,et al.Evolution of geotemperature-pressure systems and its relation to distribution of oil-gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2006,41(4):564-577.[李鹤永,刘震,党玉琪,等.柴达木盆地西部地区地温—地压系统演化及其与油气成藏的关系[J].地质科学,2006,41(4):564-577.]
[22]Liu K,Eadington P.Quantitative fluorescence techniques for detecting residual oils and reconstructing hydrocarbons charge history[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(7):1023-1036.
[23]Liu K,George Sc,Lu X,et al.Innovative fluorescence spectroscopic techniques for rapidly characterising oil inclusions[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,72:34-45.
[24]Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Zhuo Qingong,et al.Palaeofluid evolution process in well block Tubei 1in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):26-35.[吴海,赵孟军,卓勤功,等.库车坳陷吐北1井区古流体演化过程[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):26-35.]
[25]Pamelij J.Potential of palaeofluid analysis for understanding oil charge history[J].Geofluids,2010,10(1/2):73-82.
[26]Zhao Yanjun,Chen Honghan.The relationship between fluorescence colors of oil inclusions and their maturities[J].Earth Science:Journal of University of Geosciences,2008,33(1):91-96.[赵艳军,陈红汉.油包裹体荧光颜色及其成熟度关系[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008,33(1):91-96.]
[27]Cao Guoqiang,Chen Shiyue,Xu Fengyin,et al.Geno-Mesozoic sedimentary and tectonic evolution in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Geology in China,2005,3(1):33-40.[曹国强,陈世悦,徐凤银,等.柴达木盆地西部中—新生代沉积构造演化[J].中国地质,2005,3(1):33-40.]
[28]Sui Liwei,Fang Shihu,Sun Yonghe,et al.The tectonic evolution and accumulation controlling characteristics of ShizhigouYingdong structural belt of western Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Forntiers,2014,21(1):261-270.[隋立伟,方世虎,孙永河,等.柴达木盆地西部狮子沟—英东构造带演化及控藏特征[J].地学前缘,2014,21(1):261-270.]
(1)王鹏.英西勘探开发进展与2016年部署.青海油田研究院.内部报告,2016.