柴达木盆地西部扎哈泉地区油气成藏过程
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摘要
扎哈泉地区为柴达木盆地西部典型的致密油勘探区。通过储层定量颗粒荧光、包裹体岩相学、显微测温等分析技术,结合埋藏史和热史,对油气动态演化过程进行分析。扎哈泉地区油藏原油属中等密度常规原油,但储层的QGF-E、TSF荧光光谱特征显示该区原油既有轻质-中质原油,又有重质原油存在。储层中主要发育两类烃包裹体,早期主要为黄色荧光油包裹体,晚期主要发育蓝绿-淡蓝色荧光油包裹体。通过测定伴生盐水包裹体均一温度及埋藏史和热史分析认为,扎哈泉地区主要经历了下油砂山组沉积末期(13 Ma)的原油充注和狮子沟组沉积早期(6 Ma)至今的原油充注以及油藏向上覆地层调整过程。
The Zhahaquan area is a typical tight-oil exploration area in the western Qaidam Basin. The dynamic evolution and accumulation of oil and gas is studied deeply by the analysis of reservoir quantitative grain fluorescence( QGF),fluid inclusions petrography and micro-temperature measurement,and then combined with the burial and thermal history of this area. The crude oil in reservoirs of Zhahaquan area is medium-density conventional oil,while the results of QGF-E and TSF indicate that both light-medium density oil and heavy density oil are existed in reservoir. Two types of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions are mainly developed in this area,earlier oil inclusions with yellow fluorescence and later oil inclusions with blue green-light blue fluorescence. Based on the analysis of the homogenization temperature of inclusions and the burial and thermal history,it is concluded that there are two stages of hydrocarbon charging,of which the first charging time was around 13 Ma,which corresponded to the end of the deposition of Lower Youshashan Formation,the second charging time was about 6 Ma,which corresponded to the early deposition of Shizigou Formation.
The Zhahaquan area is a typical tight-oil exploration area in the western Qaidam Basin. The dynamic evolution and accumulation of oil and gas is studied deeply by the analysis of reservoir quantitative grain fluorescence( QGF),fluid inclusions petrography and micro-temperature measurement,and then combined with the burial and thermal history of this area. The crude oil in reservoirs of Zhahaquan area is medium-density conventional oil,while the results of QGF-E and TSF indicate that both light-medium density oil and heavy density oil are existed in reservoir. Two types of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions are mainly developed in this area,earlier oil inclusions with yellow fluorescence and later oil inclusions with blue green-light blue fluorescence. Based on the analysis of the homogenization temperature of inclusions and the burial and thermal history,it is concluded that there are two stages of hydrocarbon charging,of which the first charging time was around 13 Ma,which corresponded to the end of the deposition of Lower Youshashan Formation,the second charging time was about 6 Ma,which corresponded to the early deposition of Shizigou Formation.
引文
1 Burruss R C,Cercone K R,Harris P M.Fluid inclusion petrography and tectonic-burial history of the Al Ali No.2 well:evidence for the timing of diagenesis and oil migration,northern Oman Foredeep.Geology,1983;11(10):567-570
2 Roedder E.Fluid inclusion evidence on the environments of sedimentary diagenesis,a review.SEPM Special Publication,1979;26:89-107
3 Parnell J,Carey P F,Monson B.Fluid inclusion constraints on temperatures of petroleum migration from authigenic quartz in bitumen veins.Chemical Geology,1996;129(3-4):217-226
4 Guilhaumou N,Szydlowskii N,Pradier B.Characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions by infra-red and fluorescence microspectrometry.Mineralogical Magazine,1990;375(54):311-324
5 Karlsen D A,Nedkvitne T,larter S R,et al.Hydrocarbon composition of authigenic inclusions:application to elucidation of petroleum reservoir filing history.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993;57(15):3641-3659
6 Munz I A.Petroleum inclusion in sedimentary basins:systematics,analytical methods and applications.Lithos,1992;55(1):195-212
7桂丽黎,刘可禹,柳少波,等.柴达木盆地西部英东地区油气成藏过程.地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2015;40(5):890-898Gui Lili,Liu Keyu,Liu Shaobo,et al.Hydrocarbon charge history of Yingdong oilfield,western Qaidam Basin.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2015;40(5):890-898
8孟庆洋,桂丽黎,陈琰,等.柴达木盆地西南地区典型油田油气充注期研究.天然气地球科学,2015;26(2):252-260Meng Qingyang,Gui Lili,Chen Yan,et al.Hydrocarbon charging history of typical oilfields in southwestern Qaidam Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2015;26(2):252-260
9 Liu K,Eadington P.Quantitative fluorescence techniques for detecting residual oils and reconstructing hydrocarbons charge history.Organic Geochemistry,2005;36(7):1023-1036
10石金华,杨成,龙国徽,等.扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组砂岩储层致密化原因探讨.科学技术与工程,2016;16(16):35-42Shi Jinhua,Yang Cheng,Long Guohui,et al.On Jah Springs area Ganchaigou sandstone reservoirs causes of densification.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(16):35-42
11周宾,关平,魏恒飞,等.柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区致密油新类型的发现及其特征.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017;53(1):37-49Zhou Bin,Guan Ping,Wei Hengfei,et al.A new type of tight-oil and its feature in Zhahaquan area of Qaidam Basin.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2017;53(1):37-49
12田继先,曾旭,易士威,等.咸化湖盆致密油储层“甜点”预测方法研究:以柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组为例.地学前缘,2016;23(5):193-201Tian Jixian,Zeng Xu,Yi Shiwei,et al.The prediction method of the tight oil reservoirs“sweet spot”in saline lacustrine basin:a case study of the Upper Ganchaigou Formation in the Zhahaquan district of Qaidam Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,2016;23(5):193-201
13易定红,陈琰,郑希民,等.扎哈泉凹陷N11沉积体系研究及有利相带预测.断块油气田,2014;21(6):711-715Yi Dinghong,Chen Yan,Zheng Ximin,et al.N11sedimentary system study and favorable facies belt prediction in Zhahaquan Depression.Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2014;21(6):711-715
14陈世悦,徐凤银,彭德华.柴达木盆地基底构造特征及其控油意义.新疆石油地质,2000;21(3):175-179Chen Shiyue,Xu Fengyin,Peng Dehua.Characteristics of basement structures and their controls on hydrocarbon in Qaidam Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000;21(3):175-179
15袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域.天然气地球科学,2006;17(5):640-644Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum geological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaidam Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2006;17(5):640-644
16付锁堂.柴达木盆地西部油气成藏主控因素与有利勘探方向.沉积学报,2010;28(2):373-379Fu Suotang.Key controlling factors of oil gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin and its implications for favorable exploration direction.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010;28(2):373-379
17付锁堂,张道伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地致密油形成的地质条件及勘探潜力分析.沉积学报,2013;31(4):672-682Fu Suotang,Zhang Daowei,Xue Jianqin,et al.Exploration potential and geological conditions of tight oil in the Qaidam Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013;31(4):672-682
18文延春,陈世加,路俊刚,等.扎哈泉凹陷烃源岩特征及演化史研究.石油地质与工程,2012;26(4):5-8Wen Yanchun,Chen Shijia,Lu Jungang,et al.Study on the characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and evolution history in Zhahaquan Depression.Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2012;26(4):5-8
19路俊刚,姚宜同,王力,等.柴达木盆地跃进斜坡区油源判识与原油勘探方向.吉林大学学报(自然科学版),2014;44(3):730-740Lu Jungang,Yao Yitong,Wang Li,et al.Oil source and mature oil exploration potential of Yuejin slope area in Qaidam Basin.Journal of Jilin University(Edition of Natural Sciences),2014;44(3):730-740
20张鼐.含油气盆地流体包裹体分析技术与运用.北京:石油工业出版社,2016:135-140Zhang Nai.Analysis technology and application of fluid inclusion in petroleum-bearing basin.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2016:135-140
21 Liu K,Eadington P,Middleton H,et al.Applying quantitative fluorescence techniques to investigate petroleum charge history of sedimentary basins in Australia and Papuan New Guinea.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2007;57(1):139-151
22 Liu K,George S,Lu X,et al.Innovative fluorescence spectroscopic techniques for rapidly characterising oil inclusions.Organic Geochemistry,2014;72:34-45
23刘可禹,鲁雪松,桂丽黎,等.储层定量荧光技术及其在油气成藏研究中的应用.地球科学,2016;41(3):373-384Liu Keyu,Lu Xuesong,Gui Lili,et al.Quantitative fluorescence techniques and their applications in hydrocarbon accumulation studies.Earth Science,2016;41(3):373-384
24 Liu K,Fenton S,Bastow T,et al.Geochemical evidence of multiple hydrocarbon charge and long distance oil migration in the Vulcan Sub-Basin,Timor Sea.The AAPEA Journal,2005;45:1-18
25吴海,赵孟军,卓勤功,等.库车坳陷吐北1井区古流体演化过程.天然气工业,2016;36(2):26-35Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Zhuo Qingong,et al.Palaeofluid evolution process in well block Tubei 1 in the Kuche Depression,Tarim Basin.Gas Industry,2016;36(2):26-35
26 Pamelij J.Potential of palaeofluid analysis for understanding oil charge history.Geofluids,2010;10(1-2):73-82
27刘德汉,卢焕章,肖贤明.油气包裹体及其在石油勘探和开发中的应用.广州:广东科技出版社,2007:114-134Liu Dehan,Lu Huanzhang,Xiao Xianming.Oil and gas inclusions and their application in petroleum exploration and development.Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,2007:114-134
28鲁雪松,宋岩,柳少波,等.流体包裹体精细分析在塔中志留系油气成藏研究中的应用.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012;36(4):45-50Lu Xuesong,Song Yan,Liu Shaobo,et al.Detailed analysis of fluid inclusion and its application in accumulation history research on Silurian reservoirs in Tazhong area,Tarim basin.Journal of China University Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2012;36(4):45-50
29刘可禹,Bourdet J,张宝收,等.应用流体包裹体研究油气成藏---以塔中奥陶系储集层为例.石油勘探与开发,2013;40(2):171-180Liu Keyu,Bourder J,Zhang Baoshou,et al.Hydrocarbon charge history of the Tazhong Ordovician reservoirs,Tarim Basin as revealed from an integrated fluid inclusion study.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013;40(2):171-180
30赵艳军,陈红汉.油包裹体荧光颜色及其成熟度关系.地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008;33(1):91-96Zhao Yanjun,Chen Honghan.The relationship between fluorescence colors of oil inclusions and their maturities.Earth ScienceJournal of University of Geosciences,2008;33(1):91-96
31陈红汉.油气成藏年代学研究进展.石油与天然气地质,2007;28(2):143-150Chen Honghan.Advances in studies of oil and gas accumulation chronology.Oil&Gas Geology,2007;28(2):143-150
32刘震,党玉琪,李鹤永,等.柴达木盆地西部第三系油气晚期成藏特征.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007;22(1):1-6Liu Zhen,Dang Yuqi,Li Heyong,et al.Characteristics of the late hrdrocarbon accumulation of the Tertiary in the western Qaidam Basin.Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Edition of Natural Sciences),2007;22(1):1-6
33李鹤永,刘震,党玉琪,等.柴达木盆地西部地区地温-地压系统演化及其与油气成藏的关系.地质科学,2006;41(4):564-577Li Heyong,Liu Zhen,Dang Yuqi,et al.Evolution of geotemperature-pressure systems and its relation to distribution of oil-gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,2006;41(4):564-577
2 Roedder E.Fluid inclusion evidence on the environments of sedimentary diagenesis,a review.SEPM Special Publication,1979;26:89-107
3 Parnell J,Carey P F,Monson B.Fluid inclusion constraints on temperatures of petroleum migration from authigenic quartz in bitumen veins.Chemical Geology,1996;129(3-4):217-226
4 Guilhaumou N,Szydlowskii N,Pradier B.Characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions by infra-red and fluorescence microspectrometry.Mineralogical Magazine,1990;375(54):311-324
5 Karlsen D A,Nedkvitne T,larter S R,et al.Hydrocarbon composition of authigenic inclusions:application to elucidation of petroleum reservoir filing history.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993;57(15):3641-3659
6 Munz I A.Petroleum inclusion in sedimentary basins:systematics,analytical methods and applications.Lithos,1992;55(1):195-212
7桂丽黎,刘可禹,柳少波,等.柴达木盆地西部英东地区油气成藏过程.地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2015;40(5):890-898Gui Lili,Liu Keyu,Liu Shaobo,et al.Hydrocarbon charge history of Yingdong oilfield,western Qaidam Basin.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2015;40(5):890-898
8孟庆洋,桂丽黎,陈琰,等.柴达木盆地西南地区典型油田油气充注期研究.天然气地球科学,2015;26(2):252-260Meng Qingyang,Gui Lili,Chen Yan,et al.Hydrocarbon charging history of typical oilfields in southwestern Qaidam Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2015;26(2):252-260
9 Liu K,Eadington P.Quantitative fluorescence techniques for detecting residual oils and reconstructing hydrocarbons charge history.Organic Geochemistry,2005;36(7):1023-1036
10石金华,杨成,龙国徽,等.扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组砂岩储层致密化原因探讨.科学技术与工程,2016;16(16):35-42Shi Jinhua,Yang Cheng,Long Guohui,et al.On Jah Springs area Ganchaigou sandstone reservoirs causes of densification.Science Technology and Engineering,2016;16(16):35-42
11周宾,关平,魏恒飞,等.柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区致密油新类型的发现及其特征.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017;53(1):37-49Zhou Bin,Guan Ping,Wei Hengfei,et al.A new type of tight-oil and its feature in Zhahaquan area of Qaidam Basin.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2017;53(1):37-49
12田继先,曾旭,易士威,等.咸化湖盆致密油储层“甜点”预测方法研究:以柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组为例.地学前缘,2016;23(5):193-201Tian Jixian,Zeng Xu,Yi Shiwei,et al.The prediction method of the tight oil reservoirs“sweet spot”in saline lacustrine basin:a case study of the Upper Ganchaigou Formation in the Zhahaquan district of Qaidam Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,2016;23(5):193-201
13易定红,陈琰,郑希民,等.扎哈泉凹陷N11沉积体系研究及有利相带预测.断块油气田,2014;21(6):711-715Yi Dinghong,Chen Yan,Zheng Ximin,et al.N11sedimentary system study and favorable facies belt prediction in Zhahaquan Depression.Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2014;21(6):711-715
14陈世悦,徐凤银,彭德华.柴达木盆地基底构造特征及其控油意义.新疆石油地质,2000;21(3):175-179Chen Shiyue,Xu Fengyin,Peng Dehua.Characteristics of basement structures and their controls on hydrocarbon in Qaidam Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000;21(3):175-179
15袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域.天然气地球科学,2006;17(5):640-644Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum geological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaidam Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2006;17(5):640-644
16付锁堂.柴达木盆地西部油气成藏主控因素与有利勘探方向.沉积学报,2010;28(2):373-379Fu Suotang.Key controlling factors of oil gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin and its implications for favorable exploration direction.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010;28(2):373-379
17付锁堂,张道伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地致密油形成的地质条件及勘探潜力分析.沉积学报,2013;31(4):672-682Fu Suotang,Zhang Daowei,Xue Jianqin,et al.Exploration potential and geological conditions of tight oil in the Qaidam Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013;31(4):672-682
18文延春,陈世加,路俊刚,等.扎哈泉凹陷烃源岩特征及演化史研究.石油地质与工程,2012;26(4):5-8Wen Yanchun,Chen Shijia,Lu Jungang,et al.Study on the characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and evolution history in Zhahaquan Depression.Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2012;26(4):5-8
19路俊刚,姚宜同,王力,等.柴达木盆地跃进斜坡区油源判识与原油勘探方向.吉林大学学报(自然科学版),2014;44(3):730-740Lu Jungang,Yao Yitong,Wang Li,et al.Oil source and mature oil exploration potential of Yuejin slope area in Qaidam Basin.Journal of Jilin University(Edition of Natural Sciences),2014;44(3):730-740
20张鼐.含油气盆地流体包裹体分析技术与运用.北京:石油工业出版社,2016:135-140Zhang Nai.Analysis technology and application of fluid inclusion in petroleum-bearing basin.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2016:135-140
21 Liu K,Eadington P,Middleton H,et al.Applying quantitative fluorescence techniques to investigate petroleum charge history of sedimentary basins in Australia and Papuan New Guinea.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2007;57(1):139-151
22 Liu K,George S,Lu X,et al.Innovative fluorescence spectroscopic techniques for rapidly characterising oil inclusions.Organic Geochemistry,2014;72:34-45
23刘可禹,鲁雪松,桂丽黎,等.储层定量荧光技术及其在油气成藏研究中的应用.地球科学,2016;41(3):373-384Liu Keyu,Lu Xuesong,Gui Lili,et al.Quantitative fluorescence techniques and their applications in hydrocarbon accumulation studies.Earth Science,2016;41(3):373-384
24 Liu K,Fenton S,Bastow T,et al.Geochemical evidence of multiple hydrocarbon charge and long distance oil migration in the Vulcan Sub-Basin,Timor Sea.The AAPEA Journal,2005;45:1-18
25吴海,赵孟军,卓勤功,等.库车坳陷吐北1井区古流体演化过程.天然气工业,2016;36(2):26-35Wu Hai,Zhao Mengjun,Zhuo Qingong,et al.Palaeofluid evolution process in well block Tubei 1 in the Kuche Depression,Tarim Basin.Gas Industry,2016;36(2):26-35
26 Pamelij J.Potential of palaeofluid analysis for understanding oil charge history.Geofluids,2010;10(1-2):73-82
27刘德汉,卢焕章,肖贤明.油气包裹体及其在石油勘探和开发中的应用.广州:广东科技出版社,2007:114-134Liu Dehan,Lu Huanzhang,Xiao Xianming.Oil and gas inclusions and their application in petroleum exploration and development.Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,2007:114-134
28鲁雪松,宋岩,柳少波,等.流体包裹体精细分析在塔中志留系油气成藏研究中的应用.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012;36(4):45-50Lu Xuesong,Song Yan,Liu Shaobo,et al.Detailed analysis of fluid inclusion and its application in accumulation history research on Silurian reservoirs in Tazhong area,Tarim basin.Journal of China University Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2012;36(4):45-50
29刘可禹,Bourdet J,张宝收,等.应用流体包裹体研究油气成藏---以塔中奥陶系储集层为例.石油勘探与开发,2013;40(2):171-180Liu Keyu,Bourder J,Zhang Baoshou,et al.Hydrocarbon charge history of the Tazhong Ordovician reservoirs,Tarim Basin as revealed from an integrated fluid inclusion study.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013;40(2):171-180
30赵艳军,陈红汉.油包裹体荧光颜色及其成熟度关系.地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008;33(1):91-96Zhao Yanjun,Chen Honghan.The relationship between fluorescence colors of oil inclusions and their maturities.Earth ScienceJournal of University of Geosciences,2008;33(1):91-96
31陈红汉.油气成藏年代学研究进展.石油与天然气地质,2007;28(2):143-150Chen Honghan.Advances in studies of oil and gas accumulation chronology.Oil&Gas Geology,2007;28(2):143-150
32刘震,党玉琪,李鹤永,等.柴达木盆地西部第三系油气晚期成藏特征.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007;22(1):1-6Liu Zhen,Dang Yuqi,Li Heyong,et al.Characteristics of the late hrdrocarbon accumulation of the Tertiary in the western Qaidam Basin.Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Edition of Natural Sciences),2007;22(1):1-6
33李鹤永,刘震,党玉琪,等.柴达木盆地西部地区地温-地压系统演化及其与油气成藏的关系.地质科学,2006;41(4):564-577Li Heyong,Liu Zhen,Dang Yuqi,et al.Evolution of geotemperature-pressure systems and its relation to distribution of oil-gas accumulation in the western Qaidam Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,2006;41(4):564-577