页岩气套变水平井连续油管钻磨复合桥塞技术
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摘要
页岩气套管变形水平井分层压裂钻磨复合桥塞时,易出现钻屑堆积和卡钻等风险。采用节点分析法梳理了页岩气套管变形水平井可能导致连续油管钻磨桥塞的风险事件,探讨了包括地面流程、钻磨工作液性能参数、钻磨工具选择、施工排量、钻压优选、短起以及打捞钻屑等方面的技术要求。现场实践表明,地面流程应同时具备流体泵注流程和备用流程;应选择强度高耐磨性强、切削能力适中、研磨性好的5翼PDC镶齿平底磨鞋;钻磨液的摩阻应较低,携带液的黏度较高;钻磨排量应考虑钻屑能返出井筒;短起能有效携带出钻磨时不能返出的较大钻屑;强磁打捞能捞出井筒内的卡瓦块。该项技术能有效降低卡钻风险,为工程技术人员顺利完成套变水平井的桥塞钻磨提供切实可行的技术方案。
The shale gas horizontal wells use the easy-drilled composite bridge plug for separate layer fracturing,and some wells have casing deformation during the fracturing,which can lead to the risk of drilling cuttings stacking and sticking. The node analysis method is used to analyze the events that may cause risks in the coiled tubing frilling the bridge plug. Some technical details are also discussed,such as the requirements of the ground process,the performance parameters of drilling fluid,the selection of drilling tools,the discharge of construction,the optimization of drilling pressure,the short trip and the fishing of the cuttings. Field practice shows that the ground process should have both fluid pumping and standby processes. A 5-wing PDC toothed flat grinding shoes with the characteristics of high strength,high wear resistance,moderate cutting capacity and good abrasiveness should be used. The drilling fluid with low friction should be chosen,and the carrier fluid needs to have a high viscosity. The short trip in the drilling can effectively carry the large cuttings that cannot be returned during the drilling. In addition,the strong magnetic fishing can remove the slips in the wellbore. This technology can effectively reduce the risk sticking caused by the cuttings and provide practical technical solutions for engineers and technicians to successfully complete the bridge plug drilling in the horizontal wells with casing deformation.
The shale gas horizontal wells use the easy-drilled composite bridge plug for separate layer fracturing,and some wells have casing deformation during the fracturing,which can lead to the risk of drilling cuttings stacking and sticking. The node analysis method is used to analyze the events that may cause risks in the coiled tubing frilling the bridge plug. Some technical details are also discussed,such as the requirements of the ground process,the performance parameters of drilling fluid,the selection of drilling tools,the discharge of construction,the optimization of drilling pressure,the short trip and the fishing of the cuttings. Field practice shows that the ground process should have both fluid pumping and standby processes. A 5-wing PDC toothed flat grinding shoes with the characteristics of high strength,high wear resistance,moderate cutting capacity and good abrasiveness should be used. The drilling fluid with low friction should be chosen,and the carrier fluid needs to have a high viscosity. The short trip in the drilling can effectively carry the large cuttings that cannot be returned during the drilling. In addition,the strong magnetic fishing can remove the slips in the wellbore. This technology can effectively reduce the risk sticking caused by the cuttings and provide practical technical solutions for engineers and technicians to successfully complete the bridge plug drilling in the horizontal wells with casing deformation.
引文
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[8]廖仕孟,桑宇,宋毅,等.页岩气水平井套管变形影响段分段压裂工艺研究及现场试验[J].天然气工业,2017,37(7):40-45.LIAO Shimeng,SANG Yu,SONG Yi et al.Research and field tests of staged fracturing technology for casing deformation section in horizontal shale gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(7):40-45.
[9]郭建春,赵志红,赵金洲,等.水平井投球分段压裂技术及现场应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(6):86-88.GUO Jianchun,ZHAO Zhihong,ZHAO Jinzhou et al.Horizontal well ball staged fracturing technique and field application[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2009,31(6):86-88.
[10]肖晖,李洁,曾俊.投球压裂堵塞球运动方程研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(5):162-167.XIAO Hui,LI Jie,ZENG Jun.Study on ball motion equation with ball fracturing and plugging[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Seience and Technology Edition),2011,33(5):162-167.
[11]王兴文,杨建英,任山,等.堵塞球选择性分层压裂排量控制技术研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(1):75-76.WANG Xingwen,YANG Jianying,REN Shan et al.Study on control technology of selective stratified fracturing for blocking ball[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2007,30(1):75-76.
[12]梁兴,朱炬辉,石孝志,等.缝内填砂暂堵分段体积压裂技术在页岩气水平井中的应用[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):82-89.LIANG Xing,ZHU Juhui,SHI Xiaozhi et al.Staged fracturing of horizontal shale gas wells with temporary plugging by sand filling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):82-89.
[13]陈朝伟,石林,项德贵.长宁-威远页岩气示范区套管变形机理及对策[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):70-75.CHEN Chaowei,SHI Lin,XIANG Degui.Mechanism and countermeasures of casing deformation in ChangningWeiyuan shale gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(11):70-75.
[14]田中兰,石林,乔磊.页岩气水平井井筒完整性问题及对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):70-76.TIAN Zhonglan,SHI Lin,QIAO Lei.Research of and countermeasure for wellbore integrity of shale gas horizontal well[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(9):70-76.
[15]向绪金,胡广振,陈书庆,等.压裂对套管损坏的影响因素研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(1):97-98.XIANG Xujin,HU Guangzhen,CHEN Shuqing et al.Factors of fracturing influencing on casing failure[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2004,26(1):97-98.
[16]于浩,练章华,林铁军.页岩气压裂过程套管失效机理有限元分析[J].石油机械,2014,42(8):84-88.YU Hao,LIAN Zhanghua,LIN Tiejun.Finite element analysis of failure mechanism of casing during shale gas fracturing[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2014,42(8):84-88.
[17]DUREY D A,DEGNER D L.Bridge-plug millout with coiled tubing-case histories[J].SPE 60725,presented at the SPE/ICo TA Coiled Tubing Roundtable,Houston,5-6April 2000.
[18]逄仁德,崔莎莎,韩继勇.水平井连续油管钻磨桥塞工艺研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(1):57-62.PANG Rende,CUI Shasha,HAN Jiyong et al.Research and application of drilling,milling-grinding techniques for drilling out composite bridge plugs in coiled tubing in horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(1):57-62.
[19]邹先雄,叶登胜,卢秀德.连续油管钻磨复合桥塞作业参数优化[J].天然气工业,2014,34(S1):31-34.ZOU Xianxiong,YE Dengsheng,LU Xiude.Parameter optimization in coiled tubing composite bridge plug drilling and milling technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(S1):31-34.
[20]席仲琛,徐迎新,曹欣.水平井油管钻磨复合桥塞技术及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):123-127.XI Zhongchen,XU Yingxin,CAO Xin.Composite bridge plugs drilling and milling technology by tubing in horizontal well and its application[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2016,38(1):123-127.
[21]来国荣,安崇清,范琳沛.水平井连续油管钻磨桥塞技术分析及应用[J].石油工业技术监督,2016,32(1):54-57.LAI Guorong,AN Chongqing,FAN Linpei.Analysis and application of drilling out bridge plugs in coiled tubing in horizontal wells[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2016,32(1):54-57.
[22]PERRY B,MCCLUSKEY A.Optimization of milling plugs with coil tubing on the Pinedale anticline[J].SPE121343,SPE/ICo TA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention and Exhibition,Texas,31 March to 1 April 2009.
[23]邹先雄,卢秀德,刘洪彬.连续油管钻磨复合桥塞效率影响因素分析及提效措施研究[J].钻采工艺,2018,41(2):110-112.ZHOU Xianxiong,LU Xiude,LIU Hongbin.Factors affecting compound bridge plug milling by CT and improvement measures[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2018,41(2):110-112.
[24]宋鑫,张冰,田涛.工具油管钻磨桥塞技术分析及应用[J].石化技术,2018,25(4):62-63.SONG Xin,ZHANG Bin,TIAN Tao.Analysis and application of bridge plug drilling and milling technology by tool tubing[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2018,25(4):62-63.
[25]周瑞立.水平井大斜度段钻磨永久悬挂封隔器除理关键技术研究与应用[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报,2018,20(3):17-20,24.ZHOU Ruili.Research and application of key technology about drilling and grinding permanent suspension packer of horizontal well inclined section in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Chengde Petroleum College,2018,20(3):17-20,24.
[26]刘健,林铁军,练章华.考虑残余应变的连续油管螺旋屈曲载荷新公式[J]石油机械,2008,36(1),25-28.LIU Jian,LIN Tiejun,LIAN Zhanghua.A new calculating formula for helical buckling load of coiled tubing with residual strain[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2008,36(1):25-28.
[2]任勇,叶登胜,李剑秋,等.易钻桥塞射孔联作技术在水平井分段压裂中的实践[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(2):90-93.REN Yong,YE Dengsheng,LI Jianqiu et al.Application of drillable bridge plug and clustering perforation in staged fracturing for horizontal well[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2013,35(2):90-93.
[3]曾雨辰,杨保军,王凌冰.涪页HF-1井泵送易钻桥塞分段大型压裂技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(5):75-79.ZENG Yuchen,YANG Baojun,WANG Lingbing.Largescaled fracturing technology with pump-down drillable bridge plug for well Fuye HF-1[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2012,34(5):75-79.
[4]钱斌,张俊成,朱炬辉,等.四川盆地长宁地区页岩气水平井组拉链式压裂实践[J].天然气工业,2015,35(1):81-84.QIAN Bin,ZHANG Juncheng,ZHU Juhui et al.Application of zipper fracturing of horizontal cluster wells in the Changning shale gas pilot,Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(1):81-84.
[5]蒋廷学,卞晓冰,王海涛,等.深层页岩气水平井体积压裂技术[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):90-96.JIANG Tingxue,BIAN Xiaobing,WANG Haitao et al.Volume fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):90-96.
[6]曹海燕,冯波,苏腾飞,等.易钻桥塞的研制与室内试验[J].石油机械,2016,44(6):78-82.CAO Haiyan,FENG Bo,SU Tengfei et al.Development and laboratory test of drillable bridge plug[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(6):78-82.
[7]何同,彭汉修,吴晓明,等.全复合材料易钻桥塞研制与应用[J].特种油气藏,2017,27(4):166-170.HE Tong,PENG Hanxiu,WU Xiaoming et al.Development and application of drillable bridge plugs made by composite materials[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2017,27(4):166-170.
[8]廖仕孟,桑宇,宋毅,等.页岩气水平井套管变形影响段分段压裂工艺研究及现场试验[J].天然气工业,2017,37(7):40-45.LIAO Shimeng,SANG Yu,SONG Yi et al.Research and field tests of staged fracturing technology for casing deformation section in horizontal shale gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(7):40-45.
[9]郭建春,赵志红,赵金洲,等.水平井投球分段压裂技术及现场应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(6):86-88.GUO Jianchun,ZHAO Zhihong,ZHAO Jinzhou et al.Horizontal well ball staged fracturing technique and field application[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2009,31(6):86-88.
[10]肖晖,李洁,曾俊.投球压裂堵塞球运动方程研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(5):162-167.XIAO Hui,LI Jie,ZENG Jun.Study on ball motion equation with ball fracturing and plugging[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Seience and Technology Edition),2011,33(5):162-167.
[11]王兴文,杨建英,任山,等.堵塞球选择性分层压裂排量控制技术研究[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(1):75-76.WANG Xingwen,YANG Jianying,REN Shan et al.Study on control technology of selective stratified fracturing for blocking ball[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2007,30(1):75-76.
[12]梁兴,朱炬辉,石孝志,等.缝内填砂暂堵分段体积压裂技术在页岩气水平井中的应用[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):82-89.LIANG Xing,ZHU Juhui,SHI Xiaozhi et al.Staged fracturing of horizontal shale gas wells with temporary plugging by sand filling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):82-89.
[13]陈朝伟,石林,项德贵.长宁-威远页岩气示范区套管变形机理及对策[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):70-75.CHEN Chaowei,SHI Lin,XIANG Degui.Mechanism and countermeasures of casing deformation in ChangningWeiyuan shale gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(11):70-75.
[14]田中兰,石林,乔磊.页岩气水平井井筒完整性问题及对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):70-76.TIAN Zhonglan,SHI Lin,QIAO Lei.Research of and countermeasure for wellbore integrity of shale gas horizontal well[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(9):70-76.
[15]向绪金,胡广振,陈书庆,等.压裂对套管损坏的影响因素研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(1):97-98.XIANG Xujin,HU Guangzhen,CHEN Shuqing et al.Factors of fracturing influencing on casing failure[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2004,26(1):97-98.
[16]于浩,练章华,林铁军.页岩气压裂过程套管失效机理有限元分析[J].石油机械,2014,42(8):84-88.YU Hao,LIAN Zhanghua,LIN Tiejun.Finite element analysis of failure mechanism of casing during shale gas fracturing[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2014,42(8):84-88.
[17]DUREY D A,DEGNER D L.Bridge-plug millout with coiled tubing-case histories[J].SPE 60725,presented at the SPE/ICo TA Coiled Tubing Roundtable,Houston,5-6April 2000.
[18]逄仁德,崔莎莎,韩继勇.水平井连续油管钻磨桥塞工艺研究与应用[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(1):57-62.PANG Rende,CUI Shasha,HAN Jiyong et al.Research and application of drilling,milling-grinding techniques for drilling out composite bridge plugs in coiled tubing in horizontal wells[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(1):57-62.
[19]邹先雄,叶登胜,卢秀德.连续油管钻磨复合桥塞作业参数优化[J].天然气工业,2014,34(S1):31-34.ZOU Xianxiong,YE Dengsheng,LU Xiude.Parameter optimization in coiled tubing composite bridge plug drilling and milling technology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(S1):31-34.
[20]席仲琛,徐迎新,曹欣.水平井油管钻磨复合桥塞技术及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(1):123-127.XI Zhongchen,XU Yingxin,CAO Xin.Composite bridge plugs drilling and milling technology by tubing in horizontal well and its application[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2016,38(1):123-127.
[21]来国荣,安崇清,范琳沛.水平井连续油管钻磨桥塞技术分析及应用[J].石油工业技术监督,2016,32(1):54-57.LAI Guorong,AN Chongqing,FAN Linpei.Analysis and application of drilling out bridge plugs in coiled tubing in horizontal wells[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2016,32(1):54-57.
[22]PERRY B,MCCLUSKEY A.Optimization of milling plugs with coil tubing on the Pinedale anticline[J].SPE121343,SPE/ICo TA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention and Exhibition,Texas,31 March to 1 April 2009.
[23]邹先雄,卢秀德,刘洪彬.连续油管钻磨复合桥塞效率影响因素分析及提效措施研究[J].钻采工艺,2018,41(2):110-112.ZHOU Xianxiong,LU Xiude,LIU Hongbin.Factors affecting compound bridge plug milling by CT and improvement measures[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2018,41(2):110-112.
[24]宋鑫,张冰,田涛.工具油管钻磨桥塞技术分析及应用[J].石化技术,2018,25(4):62-63.SONG Xin,ZHANG Bin,TIAN Tao.Analysis and application of bridge plug drilling and milling technology by tool tubing[J].Petrochemical Industry Technology,2018,25(4):62-63.
[25]周瑞立.水平井大斜度段钻磨永久悬挂封隔器除理关键技术研究与应用[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报,2018,20(3):17-20,24.ZHOU Ruili.Research and application of key technology about drilling and grinding permanent suspension packer of horizontal well inclined section in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Chengde Petroleum College,2018,20(3):17-20,24.
[26]刘健,林铁军,练章华.考虑残余应变的连续油管螺旋屈曲载荷新公式[J]石油机械,2008,36(1),25-28.LIU Jian,LIN Tiejun,LIAN Zhanghua.A new calculating formula for helical buckling load of coiled tubing with residual strain[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2008,36(1):25-28.
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