大规模压裂技术在特低渗透油藏开发中的应用
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摘要
为了实现特低渗透油藏"难采、难注"储量的有效动用,探索提高采收率的新方法和新技术,在某油田特低渗透储层开展了大规模压裂技术试验。优选有效厚度大、单井储量控制大、初期产量较高、产量递减快的6口井,采用"隔井错层压裂"方式构建压裂矩形井网。通过提高压裂液量和压裂加砂量,增大压裂波及体积,改善储层渗流条件。试验表明"定向、定量造长缝"的大规模压裂技术能够有效改善储层渗流条件,全面实现各小层动用,获得较高的初期产能。同时,合理有效注水能够保障大规模压裂后油井持续高产稳产。
In order to realize the effective development of the " difficult to produce and inject" reserves in the extra-low-permeability reservoirs and explore the new method and technology to improve the recovery,the large-scale hydraulic fracture Technique test was carried out in the low permeability reservoirs of an oilfield. Six wells are selected with the characteristics of bigger effective thickness,higher single-well controlled reserves,early high-yield and rapid-production decline,and moreover the fracturing rectangular well network is established by " separated well and staggered layer fracturing mode". By improving the injected fracturing fluid volume and adding sand volume,the fracturing swept volume is increased; the reservoir percolation conditions are well improved. The test shows that the large-scale fracture technique with the " directional and quantitative fractured cracks" can effectively improve the conditions,and fully realize the use of every small layer,thus the much higher initial productivity can be achieved. At the same time,the reasonable and effective water injection can ensure the high and stable yield after the fracturing.
In order to realize the effective development of the " difficult to produce and inject" reserves in the extra-low-permeability reservoirs and explore the new method and technology to improve the recovery,the large-scale hydraulic fracture Technique test was carried out in the low permeability reservoirs of an oilfield. Six wells are selected with the characteristics of bigger effective thickness,higher single-well controlled reserves,early high-yield and rapid-production decline,and moreover the fracturing rectangular well network is established by " separated well and staggered layer fracturing mode". By improving the injected fracturing fluid volume and adding sand volume,the fracturing swept volume is increased; the reservoir percolation conditions are well improved. The test shows that the large-scale fracture technique with the " directional and quantitative fractured cracks" can effectively improve the conditions,and fully realize the use of every small layer,thus the much higher initial productivity can be achieved. At the same time,the reasonable and effective water injection can ensure the high and stable yield after the fracturing.
引文
[1]阎庆来,何秋轩,尉立岗,等.低渗透油层中单相液体渗流特征的实验研究[J].西安石油学院学报,1990,5(2):1-4.
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[5]胡文瑞.中国低渗透油气的现状与未来[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(8):29-35.
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[13]李勇明,赵金洲,岳迎春,等.G43断块油藏整体压裂技术研究与应用[J].断块油气田,2010,17(5):611-613.
[14]劳斌斌,刘月田,屈亚光,等.水力压裂影响因素的分析与优化[J].断块油气田,2010,17(2):225-228.
[15]温庆志,张世诚,王雷,等.支撑剂嵌入对裂缝长期导流能力的影响研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25(5):65-68.
[16]雷群,胥云,蒋廷学,等.用于提高低—特低渗透油气藏改造效果的缝网压裂技术[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):237-241.
[17]王永昌,姜必武,马延风,等.安塞油田低渗透砂岩油藏重复压裂技术研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(5):78-80.
[18]窦让林.大型水利压裂在文东低渗透油田老井重复改造中的应用[C]//石油工程协会2001年度技术文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[19]王道富,李忠兴,杨克文,等.特低渗透油田注水开发技术(上)[C]//中国石油天然气股份公司油气田开发技术座谈会文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2001:75-145.
[20]史成恩,潘增耀.特低渗透油田开发的主要做法[J].低渗透油气田,2000,5(3):57-69.
[21]王松,春兰,杨兆中.低渗透气藏分层压裂难点及对策[J].断块油气田,2009,16(6):115-117.
[22]田文博,杨正明,徐宣,等.特低渗透裂缝性油藏矩形井网优化试验研究[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(2):122-125.
[23]车启军,雷均安,冉玉霞,等.超前注水提高低渗透油田开发效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(1):20-22.
[24]史成恩,万晓龙,赵继勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地超低渗透油层开发特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(5):538-542.
[2]李道品.低渗透油田开发概论[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(3):33-37.
[3]王道富.鄂尔多斯盆地特低渗透油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:1-2.
[4]周鹏.低渗透油藏水力压裂井数值模拟方法研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油大学,2012:1-25.
[5]胡文瑞.中国低渗透油气的现状与未来[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(8):29-35.
[6]朱伟林.从近年来AAPG年会看含油气盆地研究的主要趋向[J].地学前缘,1995,2(2):259-261.
[7]李道品,罗迪强,刘玉芬,等.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:31-34.
[8]雷群,赵振峰.长庆低渗透油田压裂工艺技术[J].低渗透油气田,2000,5(3):70-78.
[9]史成恩,熊维亮,朱圣举.创新油田开发技术提高特低渗透油田开发效果[R].中国石油学会油气田开发技术大会暨中国油气田开发科技进展与难采储量开采技术研讨会,2005:19.
[10]赵惊蛰,李书恒,屈雪峰,等.特低渗透油藏开发压裂技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,26(5):93-95.
[11]姚凯,党龙梅,唐汝众,等.史103断块小井距整体压裂技术先导试验[J].特种油气藏,2004,11(2):63-65.
[12]马淑华.辽河低渗透油层压裂工艺探讨和应用[J].科技信息,2008,26(3):387-388.
[13]李勇明,赵金洲,岳迎春,等.G43断块油藏整体压裂技术研究与应用[J].断块油气田,2010,17(5):611-613.
[14]劳斌斌,刘月田,屈亚光,等.水力压裂影响因素的分析与优化[J].断块油气田,2010,17(2):225-228.
[15]温庆志,张世诚,王雷,等.支撑剂嵌入对裂缝长期导流能力的影响研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25(5):65-68.
[16]雷群,胥云,蒋廷学,等.用于提高低—特低渗透油气藏改造效果的缝网压裂技术[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):237-241.
[17]王永昌,姜必武,马延风,等.安塞油田低渗透砂岩油藏重复压裂技术研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(5):78-80.
[18]窦让林.大型水利压裂在文东低渗透油田老井重复改造中的应用[C]//石油工程协会2001年度技术文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[19]王道富,李忠兴,杨克文,等.特低渗透油田注水开发技术(上)[C]//中国石油天然气股份公司油气田开发技术座谈会文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2001:75-145.
[20]史成恩,潘增耀.特低渗透油田开发的主要做法[J].低渗透油气田,2000,5(3):57-69.
[21]王松,春兰,杨兆中.低渗透气藏分层压裂难点及对策[J].断块油气田,2009,16(6):115-117.
[22]田文博,杨正明,徐宣,等.特低渗透裂缝性油藏矩形井网优化试验研究[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(2):122-125.
[23]车启军,雷均安,冉玉霞,等.超前注水提高低渗透油田开发效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(1):20-22.
[24]史成恩,万晓龙,赵继勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地超低渗透油层开发特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(5):538-542.