我国生态保护补偿实践进展评述
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摘要
国家高度重视生态补偿机制建设工作,已投入上万亿元资金用于生态建设与保护,这些生态保护补偿项目空间差异明显,侧重于经济比较落后但生态功能相对重要的西北和西南地区。各地在推进生态保护补偿实践方面也积累了大量的经验,形成了以基于环境质量改善的财政激励机制、基于生态环境因素的转移支付机制、面向区域合作的补偿机制以及市场化补偿机制为主要途径的生态保护补偿体系。作为一项社会经济发展和生态环境保护之间的矛盾协调机制,这些政策在不断提升和维护当地生态服务功能的基础上,也呈现出良好的生态与社会效应。为了更好的调动各方积极性、保护好生态环境,生态保护补偿还需要从顶层设计、补偿标准与方式、资金来源与监管等关键环节入手推动建立健全的生态保护补偿机制。
Chinese government attaches great importance to ecological compensation mechanism construction,and billions Yuan funds have been invested on ecological construction and protection. These projects showed obvious space difference,focusing on the southwest and northwest regions of the relatively backward economy but important ecological functions. The local governments also accumulated a lot of experience on ecological compensation,formed by financial incentive mechanism based on environment quality improvement, transfer payment mechanism based on the ecological environment factors, the compensation mechanism based on regional cooperation,and the compensation mechanism of marketization. As a coordination mechanism between economic development and ecological environment protection,these policies present good ecological and social effects. In order to stimulate the initiative of stakeholders,ecological compensation needs to be improved from the top design,compensation standards and methods,funding sources and management.
Chinese government attaches great importance to ecological compensation mechanism construction,and billions Yuan funds have been invested on ecological construction and protection. These projects showed obvious space difference,focusing on the southwest and northwest regions of the relatively backward economy but important ecological functions. The local governments also accumulated a lot of experience on ecological compensation,formed by financial incentive mechanism based on environment quality improvement, transfer payment mechanism based on the ecological environment factors, the compensation mechanism based on regional cooperation,and the compensation mechanism of marketization. As a coordination mechanism between economic development and ecological environment protection,these policies present good ecological and social effects. In order to stimulate the initiative of stakeholders,ecological compensation needs to be improved from the top design,compensation standards and methods,funding sources and management.
引文
[1]中国生态补偿机制与政策研究课题组.中国生态补偿机制与政策研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
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[11]宏观经济研究院国地所课题组.横向生态补偿的实践与建议[J].宏观经济管理,2015,(2):46-48.
[12]王干,白明旭.中国矿区生态补偿资金来源机制和对策探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(5):75-82.
[13]潘华,徐星.生态补偿投融资市场化机制研究综述[J].昆明理工大学学报:社会科学版,2016,16(1):59-64.
[2]刘桂环,张彦敏,石英华.建设生态文明背景下完善生态保护补偿机制的建议[J].环境保护,2015,43(11):34-38.
[3]王金南,刘桂环,文一惠,谢婧.构建中国生态保护补偿制度创新路线图——《关于健全生态保护补偿机制的意见》解读[J].环境保护,2016(5):14-18.
[4]刘桂环,文一惠,谢婧,饶胜.完善国家主体功能区框架下生态保护补偿政策的思考[J].环境保护,2015(23):39-42.
[5]胡雪萍.完善我国生态补偿制度应注重顶层设计[J].桂海论丛,2015,31(2):9-14.
[6]赵翠薇,王世杰.生态补偿效益、标准——国际经验及对我国的启示[J].地理研究,2010,29(4):597-606.
[7]邓晓兰,黄显林,杨秀.积极探索建立生态补偿横向转移支付制度[J].经济纵横,2013,(10):47-51.
[8]舒旻.论生态补偿资金的来源与构成[J].南京工业大学学报:社会科学版,2015,14(1):54-63.
[9]黄智宇.论生态补偿的监管机制[C].2014年全国环境资源法学研讨会,2014,365-370.
[10]李晓光,苗鸿,郑华,等.生态补偿标准确定的主要方法及其应用[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4431-4440.
[11]宏观经济研究院国地所课题组.横向生态补偿的实践与建议[J].宏观经济管理,2015,(2):46-48.
[12]王干,白明旭.中国矿区生态补偿资金来源机制和对策探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(5):75-82.
[13]潘华,徐星.生态补偿投融资市场化机制研究综述[J].昆明理工大学学报:社会科学版,2016,16(1):59-64.
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