考虑道间时差相位的多道瞬态瑞雷波探测方法
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摘要
囿于波动问题空间采样率观念的限制,现有多道瞬态瑞雷波探测方法采用小道间距、多道检波器排列方式观测同一次激发的瞬态瑞雷波,虽然解决了同时观测不同频率成分波动的问题,但一个排列的多道检波器只能得到一条瑞雷波相速度-探测深度曲线,工作效率和横向分辨力受到极大限制,同时,所能够提取的最高频率波动成分也受到了检波器排列最小道间距的限制.经分析发现,忽略两个测点之间瞬态瑞雷波到时差对不同频率波动道间相位差的影响是上述问题的根源.针对现有多道瞬态瑞雷波探测方法的弱点,本文阐明了道间时差相位(TDP)的概念和意义,提出了考虑道间时差相位的测点对间相位差分析技术,形成了一套新的多道瞬态瑞雷波探测方法——TDP法. TDP法摆脱了最小道间距的羁绊,只用两道检波器的瞬态瑞雷波记录即可提取多种频率成分波动的相速度,完成现有方法一个多道检波器排列才能完成的工作,探测工作效率大大提高;同时,根据场地岩土体的横向变化适当调整检波器布置的测点间距,在一条测线上布置多个测点,相邻测点对两两组合获得的多条瑞雷波相速度-深度曲线可以反映岩土体横向变化,这使得探测方法的横向分辨力显著提高;另外,由于引进道间时差相位,高频成分的提取不再受道间距的控制,从而探测方法的高频分辨力也得到了大幅度提高,原则上,激发和测试系统能够产生和记录到的高频成分新方法都可以提取到,事实上,这套方法已经成功地拓展到了超声频段的探测工作中.
Limited by the concept of spatial sampling rate in wave problems,multichannel detector array with small channel spacing is adopted to observe the transient Rayleigh wave excited by an impulse action. The method does put forward an approach to the observation of different frequency components of transient Rayleigh wave at once,but it can only get one curve of the relationship between phase velocities and effective detecting depths from the detector array covering a certain length of a detecting line with many detecting points. This is doomed to result in three defects of the method: low efficiency of operation,weak lateral resolving power and limited high frequency resolving power,and the last one is mainly owing to the limitation of the smallest distance between channels. It is found after carefully analysis that the source of the defects is overlooking the contribution of the time difference of transient Rayleigh waves to the phase differences of different frequency wave components between two detecting channels. In order to overcome the defects of the existing transient Rayleigh wave detecting method with multichannel detectors,the concept of Arrival Time Difference Phase between Channels( or TDP for short) and its significance are expounded in this paper,and the analysis method of the phase difference between a pair of detecting points in consideration of TDP of different frequency wave components is put forward,as a result, a new transient Rayleigh wave detecting method with multichannel detectors—the TDP Method—is formed.Getting rid of the fetter of required smallest distance between channels,the new method is able to extract the phase velocities ofdifferent frequency wave components with only two waveforms of transient Rayleigh waves recorded on two detecting points,which used to be the work with a multichannel detector array,therefore,the efficiency of the new method is greatly enhanced; in addition,with proper distances between channels fitting to the lateral changes in features of rock or soil masses in a site,apparently,the curves of phase velocities vs. effective detecting depths obtained from pairs of adjacent detecting points can reflect the lateral changes of the rock or soil masses along the detecting line,so the lateral resolving power of the new method is greatly increased too; furthermore,owing to the introduction of TDP,the extraction of high frequency wave components gets rid of the restriction of the smallest distance between channels,the high frequency resolving power is also greatly strengthened. In principle,the new method is able to extract the frequency wave components as high as that the detecting apparatus system can generate and record. In fact,the new method has been successfully used in detecting work with ultrasonic frequency band.
Limited by the concept of spatial sampling rate in wave problems,multichannel detector array with small channel spacing is adopted to observe the transient Rayleigh wave excited by an impulse action. The method does put forward an approach to the observation of different frequency components of transient Rayleigh wave at once,but it can only get one curve of the relationship between phase velocities and effective detecting depths from the detector array covering a certain length of a detecting line with many detecting points. This is doomed to result in three defects of the method: low efficiency of operation,weak lateral resolving power and limited high frequency resolving power,and the last one is mainly owing to the limitation of the smallest distance between channels. It is found after carefully analysis that the source of the defects is overlooking the contribution of the time difference of transient Rayleigh waves to the phase differences of different frequency wave components between two detecting channels. In order to overcome the defects of the existing transient Rayleigh wave detecting method with multichannel detectors,the concept of Arrival Time Difference Phase between Channels( or TDP for short) and its significance are expounded in this paper,and the analysis method of the phase difference between a pair of detecting points in consideration of TDP of different frequency wave components is put forward,as a result, a new transient Rayleigh wave detecting method with multichannel detectors—the TDP Method—is formed.Getting rid of the fetter of required smallest distance between channels,the new method is able to extract the phase velocities ofdifferent frequency wave components with only two waveforms of transient Rayleigh waves recorded on two detecting points,which used to be the work with a multichannel detector array,therefore,the efficiency of the new method is greatly enhanced; in addition,with proper distances between channels fitting to the lateral changes in features of rock or soil masses in a site,apparently,the curves of phase velocities vs. effective detecting depths obtained from pairs of adjacent detecting points can reflect the lateral changes of the rock or soil masses along the detecting line,so the lateral resolving power of the new method is greatly increased too; furthermore,owing to the introduction of TDP,the extraction of high frequency wave components gets rid of the restriction of the smallest distance between channels,the high frequency resolving power is also greatly strengthened. In principle,the new method is able to extract the frequency wave components as high as that the detecting apparatus system can generate and record. In fact,the new method has been successfully used in detecting work with ultrasonic frequency band.
引文
Chang F K,Ballard R F. 1973. Rayleigh-wave dispersion technique for rapid subsurface exploration [A]. 43rd international geophysical year.
CHEN Chang-Yan,BAI Chao-Xu,SONG Lian-Liang,et al. 2010. Application of the multi-channel transient rayleigh wave method to highway goaf detection [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),25(2): 701–708,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.045.陈昌彦,白朝旭,宋连亮,等. 2010. 多道瞬态瑞雷波技术在公路采空塌陷区探测中应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,25(2): 701-708,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.045.
CHEN Hong-lin,FENG Ji-lin. 1998. Engineering seismic survey methods [M]. Beijing: Seismological press.陈宏林. 1998. 工程地震勘察方法[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.
CHEN Xiang,SUN Jin-Zhong. 2006. The improved equivalent half space method and Rayleigh wave dispersion curve inversion [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),49(2): 569-576,doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.02.033.陈祥,孙进忠. 2006. 改进的等效半空间法及瑞雷波频散曲线反演[J]. 地球物理学报,49(2): 569-576,doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.02.033.
CHEN Chang-yan,BAI Chao-xu,CHEN Yi-jun,et al. 2007. Discussion on some problems of multi-channel transient Rayleigh wave prospecting [J]. Investigation Science and Technology (in Chinese),(6): 22-25,64.陈昌彦,白朝旭,陈义军,等. 2007. 多道瞬态瑞雷波测试技术问题讨论[J]. 勘察科学技术,(6): 22-25,64.
CUI Zhu-gang,JIA Lei,ZHENG Xiao-yan,et al. 2012. Application of Rayleigh Wave Method in Detecting Underground Cave [J]. Science Technology and Engineering (in Chinese),12(26): 6750- 6753.崔竹刚,贾雷,郑晓燕,等. 2012. 瑞雷面波在地下空洞探测中的应用[J]. 科学技术与工程,12(26): 6750- 6753.
Haskell N A. 1953. The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media [J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,43(1): 17-34.
HOU Xiao-ping,YU Jia-shun,HAN Chao,et al. 2018. Adaptability Analysis of Dispersion Curve Fitting with Hyperbolic Tangent and Arctangent Functions [J]. Science Technology and Engineering (in Chinese),18(28): 37- 46.侯小平,余嘉顺,韩超,等. 2018. 用双曲正切和反正切函数拟合面波频散曲线的适应性分析[J]. 科学技术与工程,18(28): 37- 46.
LIU Yuan,SUN Jin-zhong,ZHAO Ti,et al. 2014. Quantitative evaluation of dynamic consolidation effect of foundation based on multi-channel transient rayleigh wave method [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(6): 2910–2916,doi: 10.6038/pg20140663.刘远,孙进忠,赵体,等. 2014. 强夯地基处理效果的多道瞬态瑞雷波检测[J]. 地球物理学进展,29(6): 2910-2916,doi: 10.6038/pg20140663.
LIU Yun-zhen,WANG Zhen-dong. 1996. Data collection and processing system of transient surface wave method and examples of its application [J]. Geophysical and geochemical exploration (in Chinese),20(1): 28-34.刘云桢,王振东. 1996. 瞬态面波法的数据采集处理系统及其应用实例[J]. 物探与化探,20(1): 28-34.
MA Ji-Tao,Mirnal K.Sen,CHEN Xiao-Hong. 2009. Multiple attenuation using inverse data processing in the plane-wave domain [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),52(3): 808-816.马继涛,Mirnal K.Sen,陈小宏. 2009. 平面波域反数据处理压制多次波方法研究[J]. 地球物理学报,52(3): 808-816.
PAN Jia-Tie,LI Yong-Hua,WU Qing-Ju,et al. 2015. Phase velocity maps of Rayleigh waves in the southeast Tibetan plateau [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),58(11): 3993- 4006,doi: 10.6038/cjg20151109.潘佳铁,李永华,吴庆举,等. 2015. 青藏高原东南部地区瑞雷波相速度层析成像[J]. 地球物理学报,58(11): 3993- 4006,doi: 10.6038/cjg20151109.
PAN Jia-Tie,WU Qing-Ju,LI Yong-Hua,et al. 2011. Rayleigh wave tomography of the phase velocity in North China [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),54(1): 67-76,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.008.潘佳铁,吴庆举,李永华,等. 2011. 华北地区瑞雷面波相速度层析成像[J]. 地球物理学报,54(1): 67-76,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.008.
QI Sheng-Wen,SUN Jin-Zhong,WAN Zhi-Qing. 2001. A slight improvement in the transient Rayleigh wave method [J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (in Chinese),20(4): 466- 468.祁生文,孙进忠,万智清. 2001. 瞬态瑞雷波勘探方法的一点改进[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报,20(4): 466- 468.
Rayleigh L. 1885. On waves propagated along the plane surface of an elastic solid [A]. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society,S1-17(1): 4-11.
Sun Jinzhong,Chen Xiang,Tian Xiaofu. 2007. Engineering Infrastructure Nondestructive Testing with Rayleigh Waves: Case Studies in Transportation and Archaeology [J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,(4): 268-275.
WANG Chao-fan,LIU Jin-guang,ZHAO Yong-gui. 2000. Multi-channel transient Rayleigh wave exploration and its application in engineering investigation [J]. Journal of engineering geology (in Chinese),08: 531-534.王超凡,刘金光,赵永贵. 2000. 多道瞬态瑞雷波勘探及其在工程勘察中的应用[J]. 工程地质学报,08(增刊): 531-534.
WU Lü. 1993. τ-p transformation and application [M]. Beijing: Petroleum industry press.吴律. 1993. τ-p 变换及应用[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社.
YANG Chen-Lin. 1993. Rayleigh wave prospecting [M]. Geological publishing press.杨成林. 1993. 瑞雷波勘探[M]. 北京: 地质出版社.
ZHANG Da-zhou,XIONG Zhang-qiang,QIN Zhen. 2010. Separation and extraction of Rayleigh wave based on Fourier transform and case analysis [J]. Journal of Central South University (Natural science) (in Chinese),41(2): 643- 648.张大洲,熊章强,秦臻. 2010. 基于Fourier变换的瑞雷面波分离提取及实例分析[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),41(2): 643- 648.
ZHANG Lu,MENG Li-fan,HAN Jian-ning,et al. 2015. Design and Simulation of Phononic Crystals Filter within Ultrasonic Frequencies [J]. Science Technology and Engineering (in Chinese),15(16): 194-198.张璐,孟立凡,韩建宁,等. 2015. 超声频段内声子晶体滤波器的设计与仿真[J]. 科学技术与工程,15(16): 194-198.
ZHANG Shu-ting,CHANG Suo-liang,WANG Run-fu,et al. 2001. Application of multichannel transient Rayleigh wave exploration technique in engineering investigation [J]. Coal Geology of China (in Chinese),13(4): 50-52.张淑婷,常锁亮,王润福,等. 2001. 多道瞬态瑞雷波勘探技术在岩土工程勘察中的应用[J]. 中国煤田地质,13(4): 50-52.
ZHAO Hong-ru,SUN Jin-zhong,TANG Wen-bang. 1990. Application of full wave phase analysis [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese) ,33(1):54- 63.赵鸿儒,孙进忠,唐文榜. 1990. 全波震相分析的应用[J]. 地球物理学报,33(1): 54- 63.
Zheng Xu-Hui,Liu Lei,Sun Jin-Zhong,et al. 2018. Imaging of underground karst water channels using an improved multichannel transient Rayleigh wave detecting method [J]. PLoS One,13(6): e0199030,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0199030.
ZHENG Zhi-Zhen. 1983. Basis of spectral analysis [M]. Seismological press.郑治真. 1983. 波谱分析基础[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.
Chang F K,Ballard R F. 1973. Rayleigh-wave dispersion technique for rapid subsurface exploration [A]. 第43届国际地球物理年会.
佐藤长范. 1986. 用GR-810激振系统进行地基勘查[R]. 日本VIC株式会社.
CHEN Chang-Yan,BAI Chao-Xu,SONG Lian-Liang,et al. 2010. Application of the multi-channel transient rayleigh wave method to highway goaf detection [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),25(2): 701–708,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.045.陈昌彦,白朝旭,宋连亮,等. 2010. 多道瞬态瑞雷波技术在公路采空塌陷区探测中应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,25(2): 701-708,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.045.
CHEN Hong-lin,FENG Ji-lin. 1998. Engineering seismic survey methods [M]. Beijing: Seismological press.陈宏林. 1998. 工程地震勘察方法[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.
CHEN Xiang,SUN Jin-Zhong. 2006. The improved equivalent half space method and Rayleigh wave dispersion curve inversion [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),49(2): 569-576,doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.02.033.陈祥,孙进忠. 2006. 改进的等效半空间法及瑞雷波频散曲线反演[J]. 地球物理学报,49(2): 569-576,doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.02.033.
CHEN Chang-yan,BAI Chao-xu,CHEN Yi-jun,et al. 2007. Discussion on some problems of multi-channel transient Rayleigh wave prospecting [J]. Investigation Science and Technology (in Chinese),(6): 22-25,64.陈昌彦,白朝旭,陈义军,等. 2007. 多道瞬态瑞雷波测试技术问题讨论[J]. 勘察科学技术,(6): 22-25,64.
CUI Zhu-gang,JIA Lei,ZHENG Xiao-yan,et al. 2012. Application of Rayleigh Wave Method in Detecting Underground Cave [J]. Science Technology and Engineering (in Chinese),12(26): 6750- 6753.崔竹刚,贾雷,郑晓燕,等. 2012. 瑞雷面波在地下空洞探测中的应用[J]. 科学技术与工程,12(26): 6750- 6753.
Haskell N A. 1953. The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media [J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,43(1): 17-34.
HOU Xiao-ping,YU Jia-shun,HAN Chao,et al. 2018. Adaptability Analysis of Dispersion Curve Fitting with Hyperbolic Tangent and Arctangent Functions [J]. Science Technology and Engineering (in Chinese),18(28): 37- 46.侯小平,余嘉顺,韩超,等. 2018. 用双曲正切和反正切函数拟合面波频散曲线的适应性分析[J]. 科学技术与工程,18(28): 37- 46.
LIU Yuan,SUN Jin-zhong,ZHAO Ti,et al. 2014. Quantitative evaluation of dynamic consolidation effect of foundation based on multi-channel transient rayleigh wave method [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),29(6): 2910–2916,doi: 10.6038/pg20140663.刘远,孙进忠,赵体,等. 2014. 强夯地基处理效果的多道瞬态瑞雷波检测[J]. 地球物理学进展,29(6): 2910-2916,doi: 10.6038/pg20140663.
LIU Yun-zhen,WANG Zhen-dong. 1996. Data collection and processing system of transient surface wave method and examples of its application [J]. Geophysical and geochemical exploration (in Chinese),20(1): 28-34.刘云桢,王振东. 1996. 瞬态面波法的数据采集处理系统及其应用实例[J]. 物探与化探,20(1): 28-34.
MA Ji-Tao,Mirnal K.Sen,CHEN Xiao-Hong. 2009. Multiple attenuation using inverse data processing in the plane-wave domain [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),52(3): 808-816.马继涛,Mirnal K.Sen,陈小宏. 2009. 平面波域反数据处理压制多次波方法研究[J]. 地球物理学报,52(3): 808-816.
PAN Jia-Tie,LI Yong-Hua,WU Qing-Ju,et al. 2015. Phase velocity maps of Rayleigh waves in the southeast Tibetan plateau [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),58(11): 3993- 4006,doi: 10.6038/cjg20151109.潘佳铁,李永华,吴庆举,等. 2015. 青藏高原东南部地区瑞雷波相速度层析成像[J]. 地球物理学报,58(11): 3993- 4006,doi: 10.6038/cjg20151109.
PAN Jia-Tie,WU Qing-Ju,LI Yong-Hua,et al. 2011. Rayleigh wave tomography of the phase velocity in North China [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),54(1): 67-76,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.008.潘佳铁,吴庆举,李永华,等. 2011. 华北地区瑞雷面波相速度层析成像[J]. 地球物理学报,54(1): 67-76,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.008.
QI Sheng-Wen,SUN Jin-Zhong,WAN Zhi-Qing. 2001. A slight improvement in the transient Rayleigh wave method [J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (in Chinese),20(4): 466- 468.祁生文,孙进忠,万智清. 2001. 瞬态瑞雷波勘探方法的一点改进[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报,20(4): 466- 468.
Rayleigh L. 1885. On waves propagated along the plane surface of an elastic solid [A]. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society,S1-17(1): 4-11.
Sun Jinzhong,Chen Xiang,Tian Xiaofu. 2007. Engineering Infrastructure Nondestructive Testing with Rayleigh Waves: Case Studies in Transportation and Archaeology [J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,(4): 268-275.
WANG Chao-fan,LIU Jin-guang,ZHAO Yong-gui. 2000. Multi-channel transient Rayleigh wave exploration and its application in engineering investigation [J]. Journal of engineering geology (in Chinese),08: 531-534.王超凡,刘金光,赵永贵. 2000. 多道瞬态瑞雷波勘探及其在工程勘察中的应用[J]. 工程地质学报,08(增刊): 531-534.
WU Lü. 1993. τ-p transformation and application [M]. Beijing: Petroleum industry press.吴律. 1993. τ-p 变换及应用[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社.
YANG Chen-Lin. 1993. Rayleigh wave prospecting [M]. Geological publishing press.杨成林. 1993. 瑞雷波勘探[M]. 北京: 地质出版社.
ZHANG Da-zhou,XIONG Zhang-qiang,QIN Zhen. 2010. Separation and extraction of Rayleigh wave based on Fourier transform and case analysis [J]. Journal of Central South University (Natural science) (in Chinese),41(2): 643- 648.张大洲,熊章强,秦臻. 2010. 基于Fourier变换的瑞雷面波分离提取及实例分析[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),41(2): 643- 648.
ZHANG Lu,MENG Li-fan,HAN Jian-ning,et al. 2015. Design and Simulation of Phononic Crystals Filter within Ultrasonic Frequencies [J]. Science Technology and Engineering (in Chinese),15(16): 194-198.张璐,孟立凡,韩建宁,等. 2015. 超声频段内声子晶体滤波器的设计与仿真[J]. 科学技术与工程,15(16): 194-198.
ZHANG Shu-ting,CHANG Suo-liang,WANG Run-fu,et al. 2001. Application of multichannel transient Rayleigh wave exploration technique in engineering investigation [J]. Coal Geology of China (in Chinese),13(4): 50-52.张淑婷,常锁亮,王润福,等. 2001. 多道瞬态瑞雷波勘探技术在岩土工程勘察中的应用[J]. 中国煤田地质,13(4): 50-52.
ZHAO Hong-ru,SUN Jin-zhong,TANG Wen-bang. 1990. Application of full wave phase analysis [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese) ,33(1):54- 63.赵鸿儒,孙进忠,唐文榜. 1990. 全波震相分析的应用[J]. 地球物理学报,33(1): 54- 63.
Zheng Xu-Hui,Liu Lei,Sun Jin-Zhong,et al. 2018. Imaging of underground karst water channels using an improved multichannel transient Rayleigh wave detecting method [J]. PLoS One,13(6): e0199030,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0199030.
ZHENG Zhi-Zhen. 1983. Basis of spectral analysis [M]. Seismological press.郑治真. 1983. 波谱分析基础[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.
Chang F K,Ballard R F. 1973. Rayleigh-wave dispersion technique for rapid subsurface exploration [A]. 第43届国际地球物理年会.
佐藤长范. 1986. 用GR-810激振系统进行地基勘查[R]. 日本VIC株式会社.
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