日光强度涨落自关联消湍流成像
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摘要
从关联成像理论出发,提出了日光场在实际大气湍流环境中强度点对点自关联成像理论,并进行了实验验证,分析了太阳光强度二阶自关联成像和强度点对点二阶自关联成像的区别.研究结果表明,太阳光场的点对点四阶自关联,即强度的二阶点对点自关联,可实现消大气湍流成像.为验证理论有效性,利用外场实验进行了验证,获得优于17 km距离的消湍流成像结果.理论和实验均表明,太阳光强度涨落的点对点自关联可实现消大气湍流成像.相比于相机直接成像,本文成像方法消除了大气湍流影响,同时该方案极大提升了关联成像技术的实用性,可直接用于远距离消大气湍流的高质量成像,增加图像识别率.理论表明,任何成像过程中波前受相位扰动影响的波段,如红外、紫外等,均可利用本文方法消除影响,成果具有较大实用价值.
Since its first experimental demonstration in 1995, ghost imaging has attracted a great deal of attention due to its potential applications. In Yanhua Shih's paper(Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2011 Appl. Phys.Lett. 98 111115; Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 131114), he pointed out that" one of the useful features is the turbulence insensitivity of thermal light ghost imaging, i.e., atmospheric turbulence would not have any influence on the ghost images of sunlight". However, in Jeffrey H. Shapiro's view(Shapiro J H 2012 arXiv:1201.4513 [quant-ph]), lens-less pseudo-thermal ghost imaging is not immune to spatial resolution loss from the presence of atmospheric turbulence along the propagation paths, unless the source diameter is less than the source-plane turbulence coherence length. In the present paper, we find that the second order self-correlation of sunlight intensity is the case that can be satisfied with both theories of Shih and Shapiro. In this paper, the second order self-correlation of sunlight intensity(the intensity variance of the images acquired by the CCD camera), rather than the total intensity correlation between images and bucket detector signals(the traditional ghost imaging method), is calculated to recover the high-quality images in turbulent atmosphere under a few hundred measurements. Inspired by Boyd' s paper, titled " thermal ghost imaging with averaged speckle patterns"(Zerom P, Shi Z, O'Sullivan M N, Chan K W C, Krogstad M, Shapiro J H, Boyd R W 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 063817), turbulence insensitivity of sunlight ghost imaging is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in this article. It is found that thermal ghost imaging system whose coherence time need not to be controlled to match the speed of the detectors, ghost imaging with sunlight, which has always been considered intriguing and highly desirable, now is realizable. We present theoretical and experimental results showing that a sunlight self-correlation ghost imaging system can produce high-quality images even when it uses an slow detector and passes through the turbulence near ground, as long as the signal variation is predominantly caused by the fluctuation of the sunlight intensity rather than other noise sources. Our scheme can also be used to improve the image quality in other wave bands such as infrared and ultraviolet, in the case where an poor image quality results from the turbulence or other random disturbances on the wavefront.
Since its first experimental demonstration in 1995, ghost imaging has attracted a great deal of attention due to its potential applications. In Yanhua Shih's paper(Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2011 Appl. Phys.Lett. 98 111115; Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 131114), he pointed out that" one of the useful features is the turbulence insensitivity of thermal light ghost imaging, i.e., atmospheric turbulence would not have any influence on the ghost images of sunlight". However, in Jeffrey H. Shapiro's view(Shapiro J H 2012 arXiv:1201.4513 [quant-ph]), lens-less pseudo-thermal ghost imaging is not immune to spatial resolution loss from the presence of atmospheric turbulence along the propagation paths, unless the source diameter is less than the source-plane turbulence coherence length. In the present paper, we find that the second order self-correlation of sunlight intensity is the case that can be satisfied with both theories of Shih and Shapiro. In this paper, the second order self-correlation of sunlight intensity(the intensity variance of the images acquired by the CCD camera), rather than the total intensity correlation between images and bucket detector signals(the traditional ghost imaging method), is calculated to recover the high-quality images in turbulent atmosphere under a few hundred measurements. Inspired by Boyd' s paper, titled " thermal ghost imaging with averaged speckle patterns"(Zerom P, Shi Z, O'Sullivan M N, Chan K W C, Krogstad M, Shapiro J H, Boyd R W 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 063817), turbulence insensitivity of sunlight ghost imaging is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in this article. It is found that thermal ghost imaging system whose coherence time need not to be controlled to match the speed of the detectors, ghost imaging with sunlight, which has always been considered intriguing and highly desirable, now is realizable. We present theoretical and experimental results showing that a sunlight self-correlation ghost imaging system can produce high-quality images even when it uses an slow detector and passes through the turbulence near ground, as long as the signal variation is predominantly caused by the fluctuation of the sunlight intensity rather than other noise sources. Our scheme can also be used to improve the image quality in other wave bands such as infrared and ultraviolet, in the case where an poor image quality results from the turbulence or other random disturbances on the wavefront.
引文
[1] Cheng J 2009 Opt. Express 17 7916
[2] Li C, Wang T, Pu J, Zhu W, Rao R 2010 Appl. Phys. B 99599
[3] Zhang P L, Gong W L, Han S S 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 033817
[4] Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98111115
[5] Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett.100 131114
[6] Shapiro J H 2012 arXiv:1201.4513[quant-ph]
[7] Gong W L, Han S S 2009 arXiv:0911.4750[quant-ph]
[8] Chen M L, Li E R, Gong W L, Xu X Y, Zhao C Q, Shen X,Xu W D, Han S S 2013 Opt. Photon. J. 3 83
[9] Wang C L, Mei X, Pan L, Wang P, Li W, Gao X, Bo Z,Chen M L, Gong W, Han S S 2018 Remote Sens. 10 732
[10] Zerom P, Shi Z, O'Sullivan M N, Chan K W C, Krogstad M,Shapiro J H, Robert W, Boyd 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 063817
[11] Goodman J W(translated by Chen J B, Qing K C, Cao Q Z)2000 Statistical Optics(2nd Ed.)(Beijing:Science Press)p326(in Chinese)[顾德曼JW著(陈家璧,秦克诚,曹其智译)2018统计光学(第二版)(科学出版社)第326页]
[12] Chen Y L 1991 Radio TV Broadcast Eng. 1 30(in Chinese)[陈玉良1991广播与电视技术1 30]
[13] Weng N Q, Zeng Z Y, Xiao L M, Ma C S, Gong Z B 1999High Power Laser and Particle Beams 11 673(in Chinese)[翁宁泉,曾宗泳,肖黎明,马成胜,龚知本1999强激光与粒子束11 673]
[14] Smith T A, Shih Y 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 063606
[15] Baykal Y, Plonus M A 1983 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73 831
[16] Baykal Y, Plonus M A 1985 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2 2124
[17] Li M F, Mo X F, Zhang A N 2016 Navigtion and Control 5 1(in Chinese)[李明飞,莫小范,张安宁2016导航与控制5 1]
[18] Li M F, Mo X F, Zhao L J, Huo J, Yang R, Li K, Zhang A N2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 064201(in Chinese)[李明飞,莫小范,赵连洁,霍娟,杨然,李凯,张安宁2015物理学报65 064201]
[19] Welsh S S, Edgar M P, Bowman R, Jonathan P, Sun B Q,Padgett M J 2013 Opt. Express 21 23068
[20] Huynh-Thu Q, Ghanbari M 2008 Electron. Lett. 44 800
[21] Li D, Mersereau R M, Simske S 2007 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 4 340
[2] Li C, Wang T, Pu J, Zhu W, Rao R 2010 Appl. Phys. B 99599
[3] Zhang P L, Gong W L, Han S S 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 033817
[4] Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98111115
[5] Meyers R E, Deacon K S, Shih Y H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett.100 131114
[6] Shapiro J H 2012 arXiv:1201.4513[quant-ph]
[7] Gong W L, Han S S 2009 arXiv:0911.4750[quant-ph]
[8] Chen M L, Li E R, Gong W L, Xu X Y, Zhao C Q, Shen X,Xu W D, Han S S 2013 Opt. Photon. J. 3 83
[9] Wang C L, Mei X, Pan L, Wang P, Li W, Gao X, Bo Z,Chen M L, Gong W, Han S S 2018 Remote Sens. 10 732
[10] Zerom P, Shi Z, O'Sullivan M N, Chan K W C, Krogstad M,Shapiro J H, Robert W, Boyd 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 063817
[11] Goodman J W(translated by Chen J B, Qing K C, Cao Q Z)2000 Statistical Optics(2nd Ed.)(Beijing:Science Press)p326(in Chinese)[顾德曼JW著(陈家璧,秦克诚,曹其智译)2018统计光学(第二版)(科学出版社)第326页]
[12] Chen Y L 1991 Radio TV Broadcast Eng. 1 30(in Chinese)[陈玉良1991广播与电视技术1 30]
[13] Weng N Q, Zeng Z Y, Xiao L M, Ma C S, Gong Z B 1999High Power Laser and Particle Beams 11 673(in Chinese)[翁宁泉,曾宗泳,肖黎明,马成胜,龚知本1999强激光与粒子束11 673]
[14] Smith T A, Shih Y 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 063606
[15] Baykal Y, Plonus M A 1983 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73 831
[16] Baykal Y, Plonus M A 1985 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2 2124
[17] Li M F, Mo X F, Zhang A N 2016 Navigtion and Control 5 1(in Chinese)[李明飞,莫小范,张安宁2016导航与控制5 1]
[18] Li M F, Mo X F, Zhao L J, Huo J, Yang R, Li K, Zhang A N2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 064201(in Chinese)[李明飞,莫小范,赵连洁,霍娟,杨然,李凯,张安宁2015物理学报65 064201]
[19] Welsh S S, Edgar M P, Bowman R, Jonathan P, Sun B Q,Padgett M J 2013 Opt. Express 21 23068
[20] Huynh-Thu Q, Ghanbari M 2008 Electron. Lett. 44 800
[21] Li D, Mersereau R M, Simske S 2007 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 4 340
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