2013-2018年我国流感流行特征分析
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摘要
目的了解我国近5年流感性感冒(简称流感)流行的季节性、病毒亚型、发病率和病死率等流行病学特征。方法通过中国疾病控制中心信息系统和中国流感监测信息系统收集2013年1月-2018年3月我国流感发病数和死亡数及每周上报流感样病例(ILI)监测实验室检测数据,采用Excel 2010进行统计学分析。结果 2013-2017年全国共检测流感样病例鼻咽拭子标本1 143 123份,检出流感病毒阳性154 699份(阳性率13.53%),以甲型流感病毒(H1N1、H3N2)和乙型流感病毒为主;2018年截止4月1日共检测阳性标本102 166份,流感病毒阳性31 154份(占30.49%),主要流行毒株为甲型H1N1、乙型流感病毒和甲型H3N2。每年的流感发病高峰主要集中在上年的12月至次年的4月,但2015、2017年的7月和8月发病率均较高(>10%)。结论 2013-2017年我国流感发病呈明显季节性,以冬、春季节发病率较高,2015年和2017年夏季出现流感发病高峰期。2017年12月-2018年2月流感发病数达到近5年的最高峰,甲型H1N1和乙型流感病毒为主要流行株。
Objective To ascertain the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal outbreaks of the influenza virus,virus subtypes,and morbidity and mortality in China over the past five years. Methods The number of Chinese patients with influenza,the number of deaths,and laboratory results from weekly monitoring of influenza-like illness(ILI)were collected from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System and the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2018,and those data were statistically analyzed. Results From 2013 to 2017,1,143,123 cases of ILI were reported in China.Of those,154,699(13.53%)were laboratory-confirmed.Influenza was mainly caused by the influenza A(H1N1 and H3N2)virus and influenza B virus.A total of 102,166 cases of ILI were reported from January to March 2018.Of those,31,154(30.49%)were laboratory-confirmed.Influenza was mainly caused by the influenza A(H1N1 and H3N2)and influenza B virus.Months of the year with a higher incidence of influenza were from December to April of the following year.However,the incidence rates in July and August of 2015 and 2017 were also high(>10%).According to an analysis of outbreaks nationwide from 2013 to 2017,cases of influenza in southern regions of China were more numerous than those in northern provinces. Conclusion The incidence of influenza in China had significant seasonality from 2013-2017.Incidence was higher especially in the winter and spring.Influenza peaked in the summer of2015 and 2017.Cases of influenza peaked over the last five years,and influenza was mainly caused by the influenza A H1N1 and B viruses from December 2017 to February 2018.
Objective To ascertain the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal outbreaks of the influenza virus,virus subtypes,and morbidity and mortality in China over the past five years. Methods The number of Chinese patients with influenza,the number of deaths,and laboratory results from weekly monitoring of influenza-like illness(ILI)were collected from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System and the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2018,and those data were statistically analyzed. Results From 2013 to 2017,1,143,123 cases of ILI were reported in China.Of those,154,699(13.53%)were laboratory-confirmed.Influenza was mainly caused by the influenza A(H1N1 and H3N2)virus and influenza B virus.A total of 102,166 cases of ILI were reported from January to March 2018.Of those,31,154(30.49%)were laboratory-confirmed.Influenza was mainly caused by the influenza A(H1N1 and H3N2)and influenza B virus.Months of the year with a higher incidence of influenza were from December to April of the following year.However,the incidence rates in July and August of 2015 and 2017 were also high(>10%).According to an analysis of outbreaks nationwide from 2013 to 2017,cases of influenza in southern regions of China were more numerous than those in northern provinces. Conclusion The incidence of influenza in China had significant seasonality from 2013-2017.Incidence was higher especially in the winter and spring.Influenza peaked in the summer of2015 and 2017.Cases of influenza peaked over the last five years,and influenza was mainly caused by the influenza A H1N1 and B viruses from December 2017 to February 2018.
引文
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[2] Zhu X,Yu W,Mcbride R,et al.Hemagglutinin homologue fromH17N10bat influenza virus exhibits divergent receptor-bindingand pH-dependent fusion activities[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2013,110(4):1458-63.
[3] 张瑶,舒跃龙,王大燕.B型流感病毒相关研究进展[J].疾病监测,2017,32(2):153-6.
[4] 许晶,张蕾,马萍,史伟,等.2010-2016年陕西省度流行性感冒监测分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(17):3240-4.
[5] 莫晓艳,范凯,宋颖.2009年-2015年辽宁省锦州市流行性感冒监测分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2016,26(23):3441-6.
[6] 李翠珍,骆玲飞,闫红静,等.2013-2016年上海市闵行区流感监测结果分析[J].复旦学报(医学版),2017,44(5):685-9,692.
[7] 陆剑云,马钰,陈艺韵,等.2012-2016年广州市流感样病例暴发疫情流行特征分析[J].华南预防医学,2017,43(5):450-5.
[8] 金奇.医学分子病毒学[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[9] 方立群,曹春香,陈国胜,等.地理信息系统应用于中国大陆高致病性禽流感的空间分布及环境因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(11):839-42.
[10] Yu Z,Gao X,Wang T,et al.Fatal H5N6avian influenza virusinfection in a domestic cat and wild birds in China[J].Sci Rep,2015(5):10704.
[11] 朱军,江西军,蔡黎,等.上海市688例输入性疟疾病例流行病学分析[J].热带医学杂志,2010,10(8):988-9,1013.
[12] 李锦辉,黎军,杜进发.2009-2011年广西省输入性疟疾监测与控制[J].应用预防医学,2013,19(2):76-9,92.
[13] Liu T,Kang M,Zhang B,et al.Independent and interactiveeffects of ambient temperature and absolute humidity on the risksof avian influenza A(H7N9)infection in China[J].Sci Total En-viron,2018(619-620):1358-65.
[14] Jing HM,Song SH,Guo M,et al.Long-term exposure toPM2.5lowers influenza virus resistance via down-regulating pul-monary macrophage Kdm6aand mediates histones modification inIL-6and IFN-b promoter regions[J].Biochem Biophys Res Com-mun,493(2017):1122-8.
[15] Han J,Jin M,Zhang P,et al.Epidemiological link between ex-posure to poultry and all influenza A(H7N9)confirmed cases inHuzhou city,China,March to May 2013[J].Euro Surveill,2013,18(20):6-11.
[16] 刘海博,吴波峰,崔虹艳,等.北京市2016-2017年流感流行季一起流感暴发疫情分析[J].国际病毒学杂志,2017,24(1):54-7.
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