基于光释光测年的共和盆地风沙活动历史研究
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摘要
位于青藏高原东北缘的共和盆地处于亚洲冬、夏季风和西风环流作用交替控制的干旱—半干旱区,盆地中分布着大面积的沙漠,是重建过去气候的重要载体。就前人对共和盆地25个风成剖面的102个光释光(OSL)年代结果进行分析,总结出晚更新世以来共和盆地的风沙活动在各个时期都有发生,黄土堆积主要是更新世末期到早全新世,古土壤主要是晚全新世发育的,但其测年工作缺乏高密度光释光测年检验。通过对共和盆地西南部的羊曲剖面进行系统的高密度光释光年代学研究发现,羊曲剖面主要是末次冰消期沉积的,9.6～7.1 ka风沙活动迅速减弱,7.1～2 ka存在明显的沉积间断,说明基于单个剖面进行环境演变重建需谨慎。结合盆地内已发表OSL年代结果,末次冰消期以来,风沙活动在共和盆地一直存在,其最强烈时期是14～10 ka左右,黄土主要是末次冰消期14～10 ka沉积的,古土壤发育主要集中在3～2 ka和6～4 ka,此外在9～8 ka也有发育。
The Gonghe Basin,located on the northeastern of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in the arid and semi-arid areas controlled by the alternating circulation of the Asian summer monsoon and the westerly circulation,and a large area of desert is distributed in the basin.102 OSL dating results from 25 aeolian sections in the Gonghe Basin have been analyzed,and it is concluded that the aeolian sand activity in Gonghe Basin has occurred in the whole periods since the late Pleistocene.The loess deposits were mainly from late Pleistocene to early Holocene.The paleosols were mainly developed in the late Holocene.However previous dating works are short of high-density OSL dating test.In this paper,a systematic high-density OSL chronological study of the Yangqu section in the southwestern Gonghe Basin has been carried out.The Yangqu section is mainly deposited during the last Deglacial,aeolian activities in 9.6-7.1 ka were weakened rapidly and an obvious depositional hiatus appeared at 7.1-2 ka,which indicates that the environmental evolution and reconstruction based on a single section should be careful.Combined with the results of OSL dating published in the basin,aeolian sand activities have existed in the Gonghe Basin since the last Deglacial,and the strongest period is about 14-10 ka.The loess is mainly deposited from 14 to 10 ka during the last Deglacial,the paleosols development is mainly developed in 3-2 ka and 6-4 ka,and also developed in 9-8 ka.
The Gonghe Basin,located on the northeastern of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in the arid and semi-arid areas controlled by the alternating circulation of the Asian summer monsoon and the westerly circulation,and a large area of desert is distributed in the basin.102 OSL dating results from 25 aeolian sections in the Gonghe Basin have been analyzed,and it is concluded that the aeolian sand activity in Gonghe Basin has occurred in the whole periods since the late Pleistocene.The loess deposits were mainly from late Pleistocene to early Holocene.The paleosols were mainly developed in the late Holocene.However previous dating works are short of high-density OSL dating test.In this paper,a systematic high-density OSL chronological study of the Yangqu section in the southwestern Gonghe Basin has been carried out.The Yangqu section is mainly deposited during the last Deglacial,aeolian activities in 9.6-7.1 ka were weakened rapidly and an obvious depositional hiatus appeared at 7.1-2 ka,which indicates that the environmental evolution and reconstruction based on a single section should be careful.Combined with the results of OSL dating published in the basin,aeolian sand activities have existed in the Gonghe Basin since the last Deglacial,and the strongest period is about 14-10 ka.The loess is mainly deposited from 14 to 10 ka during the last Deglacial,the paleosols development is mainly developed in 3-2 ka and 6-4 ka,and also developed in 9-8 ka.
引文
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[8] 刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.末次盛冰期以来青藏高原东北部共和盆地冬夏季风演化记录 [J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):433-442.
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[10] Liu B,Jin H,Sun Z,et al.Spatiotemporal Evolution of Sandy Land in the Gonghe Basin during the Holocene Period and Its Possible Driving Mechanism [J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(4):982-991.
[11] Stauch G,Lai Z,Lehmkuhl F,et al.Environmental changes during the late Pleistocene and the Holocene in the Gonghe Basin,north-eastern Tibetan Plateau [J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2016,509(SI):144-155.
[12] Stauch G.Geomorphological and palaeoclimate dynamics recorded by the formation of aeolian archives on the Tibetan Plateau [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2015,150(2):393-408.
[13] 徐叔鹰,徐德馥,石生仁.青海共和盆地的风沙堆积 [J].中国沙漠,1982,2(3):1-8.
[14] Mischke S,Zhang C.Holocene cold events on the Tibetan Plateau [J].Global & Planetary Change,2010,72(3):155-163.
[15] Wischnewski J,Mischke S,Wang Y,et al.Reconstructing climate variability on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since the last Lateglacial-a multi-proxy,dual-site approach comparing terrestrial and aquatic signals [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2011,30(1-2):82-97.
[16] Wu Y,Lücke A,Jin Z,et al.Holocene climate development on the central Tibetan Plateau:A sedimentary record from Cuoe Lake [J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2006,234(2):328-340.
[17] Zhang C,Mischke S.A Lateglacial and Holocene lake record from the Nianbaoyeze Mountains and inferences of lake,glacier and climate evolution on the eastern Tibetan Plateau [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2009,28(19):1970-1983.
[18] Liu X,Dong H,Rech J A,et al.Evolution of Chaka Salt Lake in NW China in response to climatic change during the Latest Pleistocene-Holocene [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2008,27(7-8):867-879.
[19] 陈发虎,张家武,程波,等.青海共和盆地达连海晚第四纪高湖面与末次冰消期以来的环境变化 [J].第四纪研究,2012,32(1):122-131.
[20] 程波,陈发虎,张家武.共和盆地末次冰消期以来的植被和环境演变 [J].地理学报,2010,65(11):1336-1344.
[21] 陶贞,董光荣.末次冰期以来贵南沙地土地沙漠化与气候变化的关系 [J].中国沙漠,1994,14(2):42-48.
[22] 陈英玉,蒋复初.共和盆地气候变化及其环境响应 [J].地理研究,2009,28(2):363-370.
[23] 刘向军,黄朝晖,曾方明,等.中国西部及邻区现代年降水时空分布初步研究 [J]盐湖研究,2014,22(2):1-7.
[24] 鹿化煜,安芷生.前处理方法对黄土沉积物粒度测量影响的实验研究 [J].科学通报,1997,42(23):2535-2538.
[25] 朱筱敏.沉积岩石学(第四版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:69.
[26] 曾方明,赖忠平,刘向军.磁化率测量过程中样品重量对磁化率的影响 [J].盐湖研究,2014,22(3):21-25.
[27] 邓成龙,刘青松,潘永信,等.中国黄土环境磁学 [J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):193-209.
[28] 安芷生,Porter S,Kukla G,等.最近13万年黄土高原季风变迁的磁化率证据 [J].科学通报,1990,35(7):529-532.
[29] Murray A S,Wintle A G.Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol [J].Radiation Measurements,2000,32(1):57-73.
[30] Wintle A G,Murray A S.A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevance in single-aliquot regeneration dating protocols [J].Radiation Measurements,2006,41(4):369-391.
[31] Murray A S,Wintle A G.The single aliquot regenerative dose protocol:potential for improvements in reliability [J].Radiation Measurements,2003,37(4):377-381.
[32] Duller G A T.Distinguishing quartz and feldspar in single grain luminescence measurements [J].Radiation Measurements,2003,37(2):161-165.
[33] Miao Y,Jin H,Liu B,et al.Natural ecosystem response and recovery after the 8.2 ka cold event:Evidence from slope sediments on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau [J].Journal of Arid Environments,2014,104(17-22):17-22.
[34] Jin H L,Sun L Y,Sun,et al.Millennial-scale evolution of Hunshadake Desert and climate change during the Holocene in Inner Mongolia,northern China [J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2010,2(6):505-513.
[35] Lu H,Zhao C,Mason J,et al.Holocene climatic changes revealed by aeolian deposits from the Qinghai Lake area(northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau)and possible forcing mechanisms [J].Holocene,2010,21(21):297-304.
[36] Lu R,Jia F,Gao S,et al.Holocene aeolian activity and climatic change in Qinghai Lake basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2015,430:1-10.
[37] 鄂崇毅,曹广超,侯光良,等.青海湖江西沟黄土记录的环境演变 [J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,(4):193-200.
[38] Liu X J,Xiao G Q,E C Y,et al.Accumulation and erosion of aeolian sediments in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and implications for provenance to the Chinese Loess Plateau [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,135:166-174.
[39] 常秋芳,芦宝良,赖忠平,等.青海南山风成沉积光释光年代学研究 [J].盐湖研究,2016,24(2):54-61.
[40] 曾方明,刘向军,叶秀深,等.青海湖种羊场风成沉积的常量元素组成及其化学风化指示 [J].盐湖研究,2015,23(1):1-7.
[2] 丁仲礼,孙继敏,刘东生.联系沙漠—黄土演变过程中耦合关系的沉积学指标 [J].中国科学D辑,1999,29(1):82-87.
[3] 鹿化煜,周亚利,Mason J,等.中国北方晚第四纪气候变化的沙漠与黄土记录—以光释光年代为基础的直接对比 [J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):888-894.
[4] 潘保田,李吉均.青藏高原:全球气候变化的驱动机与放大器:Ⅰ 新生代气候变化的基本特征 [J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1995,(3):120-128.
[5] Qiang M,Chen F,Lei S,et al.Late Quaternary aeolian activity in Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China [J].Quaternary Research,2013,79(3):403-412.
[6] Qiang M,Jin Y,Liu X,et al.Late Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian sedimentation in Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Variability,processes,and climatic implications [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2016,132:57-73.
[7] 刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.青藏高原东北部共和盆地风成沉积地球化学特征及其揭示的气候变化 [J].地球科学进展,2012,27(7):788-799.
[8] 刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.末次盛冰期以来青藏高原东北部共和盆地冬夏季风演化记录 [J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):433-442.
[9] Liu B,Jin H,Sun L,et al.Holocene climatic change revealed by aeolian deposits from the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J].Quaternary International,2013,296(3):231-240.
[10] Liu B,Jin H,Sun Z,et al.Spatiotemporal Evolution of Sandy Land in the Gonghe Basin during the Holocene Period and Its Possible Driving Mechanism [J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(4):982-991.
[11] Stauch G,Lai Z,Lehmkuhl F,et al.Environmental changes during the late Pleistocene and the Holocene in the Gonghe Basin,north-eastern Tibetan Plateau [J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2016,509(SI):144-155.
[12] Stauch G.Geomorphological and palaeoclimate dynamics recorded by the formation of aeolian archives on the Tibetan Plateau [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2015,150(2):393-408.
[13] 徐叔鹰,徐德馥,石生仁.青海共和盆地的风沙堆积 [J].中国沙漠,1982,2(3):1-8.
[14] Mischke S,Zhang C.Holocene cold events on the Tibetan Plateau [J].Global & Planetary Change,2010,72(3):155-163.
[15] Wischnewski J,Mischke S,Wang Y,et al.Reconstructing climate variability on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since the last Lateglacial-a multi-proxy,dual-site approach comparing terrestrial and aquatic signals [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2011,30(1-2):82-97.
[16] Wu Y,Lücke A,Jin Z,et al.Holocene climate development on the central Tibetan Plateau:A sedimentary record from Cuoe Lake [J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2006,234(2):328-340.
[17] Zhang C,Mischke S.A Lateglacial and Holocene lake record from the Nianbaoyeze Mountains and inferences of lake,glacier and climate evolution on the eastern Tibetan Plateau [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2009,28(19):1970-1983.
[18] Liu X,Dong H,Rech J A,et al.Evolution of Chaka Salt Lake in NW China in response to climatic change during the Latest Pleistocene-Holocene [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2008,27(7-8):867-879.
[19] 陈发虎,张家武,程波,等.青海共和盆地达连海晚第四纪高湖面与末次冰消期以来的环境变化 [J].第四纪研究,2012,32(1):122-131.
[20] 程波,陈发虎,张家武.共和盆地末次冰消期以来的植被和环境演变 [J].地理学报,2010,65(11):1336-1344.
[21] 陶贞,董光荣.末次冰期以来贵南沙地土地沙漠化与气候变化的关系 [J].中国沙漠,1994,14(2):42-48.
[22] 陈英玉,蒋复初.共和盆地气候变化及其环境响应 [J].地理研究,2009,28(2):363-370.
[23] 刘向军,黄朝晖,曾方明,等.中国西部及邻区现代年降水时空分布初步研究 [J]盐湖研究,2014,22(2):1-7.
[24] 鹿化煜,安芷生.前处理方法对黄土沉积物粒度测量影响的实验研究 [J].科学通报,1997,42(23):2535-2538.
[25] 朱筱敏.沉积岩石学(第四版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:69.
[26] 曾方明,赖忠平,刘向军.磁化率测量过程中样品重量对磁化率的影响 [J].盐湖研究,2014,22(3):21-25.
[27] 邓成龙,刘青松,潘永信,等.中国黄土环境磁学 [J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):193-209.
[28] 安芷生,Porter S,Kukla G,等.最近13万年黄土高原季风变迁的磁化率证据 [J].科学通报,1990,35(7):529-532.
[29] Murray A S,Wintle A G.Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol [J].Radiation Measurements,2000,32(1):57-73.
[30] Wintle A G,Murray A S.A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevance in single-aliquot regeneration dating protocols [J].Radiation Measurements,2006,41(4):369-391.
[31] Murray A S,Wintle A G.The single aliquot regenerative dose protocol:potential for improvements in reliability [J].Radiation Measurements,2003,37(4):377-381.
[32] Duller G A T.Distinguishing quartz and feldspar in single grain luminescence measurements [J].Radiation Measurements,2003,37(2):161-165.
[33] Miao Y,Jin H,Liu B,et al.Natural ecosystem response and recovery after the 8.2 ka cold event:Evidence from slope sediments on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau [J].Journal of Arid Environments,2014,104(17-22):17-22.
[34] Jin H L,Sun L Y,Sun,et al.Millennial-scale evolution of Hunshadake Desert and climate change during the Holocene in Inner Mongolia,northern China [J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2010,2(6):505-513.
[35] Lu H,Zhao C,Mason J,et al.Holocene climatic changes revealed by aeolian deposits from the Qinghai Lake area(northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau)and possible forcing mechanisms [J].Holocene,2010,21(21):297-304.
[36] Lu R,Jia F,Gao S,et al.Holocene aeolian activity and climatic change in Qinghai Lake basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2015,430:1-10.
[37] 鄂崇毅,曹广超,侯光良,等.青海湖江西沟黄土记录的环境演变 [J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,(4):193-200.
[38] Liu X J,Xiao G Q,E C Y,et al.Accumulation and erosion of aeolian sediments in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and implications for provenance to the Chinese Loess Plateau [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,135:166-174.
[39] 常秋芳,芦宝良,赖忠平,等.青海南山风成沉积光释光年代学研究 [J].盐湖研究,2016,24(2):54-61.
[40] 曾方明,刘向军,叶秀深,等.青海湖种羊场风成沉积的常量元素组成及其化学风化指示 [J].盐湖研究,2015,23(1):1-7.