银北高水位盐碱地土壤盐分与地下水特征关系分析
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摘要
根据银北灌区典型高水位盐碱地的土壤盐分与地下水特征的监测数据,运用相关分析法与主成分分析法,对土壤盐分与地下水埋深、地下水水化学特征之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤盐分垂直分布呈现明显表聚性,0～20 cm土层全盐含量均值为3.34 g/kg,p H均值为8.81;研究区内71%地下水样为微咸水,矿化度TDS均值为2.69 g/L;土壤全盐及盐分组成呈中等强度变异,土壤p H值呈弱变异。(2)耕层全盐含量与土壤中除CO_3~(2-)和HCO_3~-的其他离子均呈极显著正相关,其中与Na~+、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)等离子的相关系数大于0.9,与地下水中各指标相关性大小排序为;SO_4~(2-)>矿化度>Cl~->Na~+>地下水埋深;地下水矿化度与地下水中除CO_3~(2-)和HCO_3~-的其他离子均呈极显著正相关,其中与Na~+、Cl~-的相关系数大于0.9;土壤中的Na~+和Cl~-与地下水埋深呈显著负相关,与地下水矿化度和地下水中的SO_4~(2-)呈显著正相关,土壤中的SO_4~(2-)与地下水埋深呈显著负相关,与地下水矿化度和地下水中的SO_4~(2-)呈极显著正相关。(3)主成分分析结果表明:影响研究区土壤盐渍化程度的主要因素依次为地下水含盐量及主要盐分离子、土壤中的主要盐分离子、地下水埋深。
Based on the monitoring data of soil salinity and groundwater characteristics of typical high-water saline-alkali land in Yinbei irrigation area,the relationship between soil salinity and groundwater depth and groundwater hydrochemical characteristics was analyzed by using correlation analysis method and principal component analysis method.The results showed that:(1)the vertical distribution of soil salt in the study area showed obvious surface accumulation,the mean value of total salt content in the 0～20 cm soil layer was 3.34 g/kg,and the mean p H value was 8.81.71%of the underground water samples in the study area are brackish water with an average salinity of 2.69 g/L.The total salt and salinity composition of soil showed moderate variation,and the p H value of soil showed weak variation.(2)the total salt content in the surface layer was significantly positively correlated with other ions in the soil except CO_3~(2-) and HCO_3~-,among which the correlation coefficient with Na~+,Cl~-,and SO_4~(2-) plasma was greater than 0.9,and the degree of correlation with various indexes in the groundwater was ranked as SO_4~(2-)>salinity>Cl~->Na~+>groundwater depth;the mineralization of groundwater was positively correlated with other ions in groundwater except CO_3~(2-) and HCO_3~-,and the correlation coefficient with Na~+and Cl~-was greater than 0.9.Na~+ and Cl~- in soil are negatively correlated with groundwater depth,and positively correlated with groundwater salinity and SO_4~(2-) in groundwater.SO_4~(2-) in soil is negatively correlated with groundwater depth,and positively correlated with groundwater salinity and S SO_4~(2-) in groundwater.(3)the results of principal component analysis showed that the main factors affecting the degree of soil salinization in the study area were,in turn,the groundwater salinity and main salt ions,the main salt ions in the soil,and the groundwater depth.
Based on the monitoring data of soil salinity and groundwater characteristics of typical high-water saline-alkali land in Yinbei irrigation area,the relationship between soil salinity and groundwater depth and groundwater hydrochemical characteristics was analyzed by using correlation analysis method and principal component analysis method.The results showed that:(1)the vertical distribution of soil salt in the study area showed obvious surface accumulation,the mean value of total salt content in the 0～20 cm soil layer was 3.34 g/kg,and the mean p H value was 8.81.71%of the underground water samples in the study area are brackish water with an average salinity of 2.69 g/L.The total salt and salinity composition of soil showed moderate variation,and the p H value of soil showed weak variation.(2)the total salt content in the surface layer was significantly positively correlated with other ions in the soil except CO_3~(2-) and HCO_3~-,among which the correlation coefficient with Na~+,Cl~-,and SO_4~(2-) plasma was greater than 0.9,and the degree of correlation with various indexes in the groundwater was ranked as SO_4~(2-)>salinity>Cl~->Na~+>groundwater depth;the mineralization of groundwater was positively correlated with other ions in groundwater except CO_3~(2-) and HCO_3~-,and the correlation coefficient with Na~+and Cl~-was greater than 0.9.Na~+ and Cl~- in soil are negatively correlated with groundwater depth,and positively correlated with groundwater salinity and SO_4~(2-) in groundwater.SO_4~(2-) in soil is negatively correlated with groundwater depth,and positively correlated with groundwater salinity and S SO_4~(2-) in groundwater.(3)the results of principal component analysis showed that the main factors affecting the degree of soil salinization in the study area were,in turn,the groundwater salinity and main salt ions,the main salt ions in the soil,and the groundwater depth.
引文
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[12]臧亮,张慧,赵红安,等.黄骅市土壤含盐量空间变异特征和影响因素分析[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):545-551.
[13]麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,米热古力·艾尼瓦尔,古丽孜巴·艾尼瓦尔,等.伊犁绿洲土壤盐渍化与浅层地下水水化学特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):193-200,257.
[14]刘宏伟,许静波,胡云壮,等.潍北平原土壤盐渍化特征及其影响因素[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(12):20-24.
[15]周在明.环渤海低平原土壤盐分空间变异性及影响机制研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2012.
[16]郭全恩,王益权,郭天文,等.半干旱地区环境因素与表层土壤积盐关系的研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):957-963.
[17]巩玉红.西北干旱区金塔绿洲土壤盐分离子分布特征及原因分析[D].济南:山东师范大学,2010.
[18]张华艳,牛灵安,郝晋珉,等.黑龙港流域微地貌与地下水埋深对土壤潜在盐渍化的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(5):83-90.
[2]李彬,史海滨,闫建文,等.节水改造后盐渍化灌区区域地下水埋深与土壤水盐的关系[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):117-122.
[3]邓宝山,瓦哈甫·哈力克,党建华,等.克里雅绿洲地下水埋深与土壤盐分时空分异及耦合分析[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(3):599-607.
[4]管孝艳,王少丽,高占义,等.盐渍化灌区土壤盐分的时空变异特征及其与地下水埋深的关系[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1 202-1 210.
[5]努尔麦麦提江·吾布里卡斯穆,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,阿不都拉·阿不力孜,等.克里雅绿洲地下水埋深时空变化对土壤盐分分布的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(5):23-27,32.
[6]常春龙,杨树青,刘德平,等.河套灌区上游地下水埋深与土壤盐分互作效应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):315-319.
[7]吕真真,杨劲松,刘广明,等.黄河三角洲土壤盐渍化与地下水特征关系研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1 377-1 385.
[8]戴全章.宁夏平罗县近50年来降水量变化特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(32):11 413-11 414.
[9]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:192-198.
[10]麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,海米提·依米提,艾尼瓦尔·买买提.天山西部伊犁河灌区地下水地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2011,40(2):179-187.
[11]郭全恩.土壤盐分离子迁移及其分异规律对环境因素的响应机制[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[12]臧亮,张慧,赵红安,等.黄骅市土壤含盐量空间变异特征和影响因素分析[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):545-551.
[13]麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,米热古力·艾尼瓦尔,古丽孜巴·艾尼瓦尔,等.伊犁绿洲土壤盐渍化与浅层地下水水化学特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):193-200,257.
[14]刘宏伟,许静波,胡云壮,等.潍北平原土壤盐渍化特征及其影响因素[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(12):20-24.
[15]周在明.环渤海低平原土壤盐分空间变异性及影响机制研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2012.
[16]郭全恩,王益权,郭天文,等.半干旱地区环境因素与表层土壤积盐关系的研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):957-963.
[17]巩玉红.西北干旱区金塔绿洲土壤盐分离子分布特征及原因分析[D].济南:山东师范大学,2010.
[18]张华艳,牛灵安,郝晋珉,等.黑龙港流域微地貌与地下水埋深对土壤潜在盐渍化的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(5):83-90.
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