冲水灌溉对西北硫酸盐型土壤中盐分离子变化的影响研究
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摘要
盐碱土壤有效的治理措施一直是盐碱土壤综合利用的瓶颈。本研究选择西北内陆硫酸盐型盐碱地为对象,研究采用冲水洗盐方式对表层土壤中盐碱离子含量消减的影响效果。结果表明:土壤中主要盐碱离子消减效果明显,关键盐碱离子Na+、SO_2-4和盐度、电导率与总溶解性固体物含量降幅明显。试验期间,表层土壤Na+、SO_2-4平均含量分别从35. 39cmol/kg、36. 94 cmol/kg降为6. 56cmol/kg、16. 25cmol/kg;土壤盐度从初期的16. 58‰降为末期的8. 14‰,降幅为51%;电导率从初期的6314μs/cm降为末期的2454μs/cm,降幅达61%。土壤p H值变幅较小,不超过1个p H值单位;相关分析表明土壤碱度不是单纯的由土壤中CO_2-3、HCO-3影响,而是受土壤中Mg2+、Na+、SO_2-4等离子组成与含量综合影响。相较于Na+的易洗脱性,土壤中SO_2-4较难洗脱,也表明盐碱土壤治理不但受土壤质地影响,同时土壤盐分离子组成对土壤碱度消减具有较大的影响。研究表明盐碱地中土壤改良,需要对土壤中关键盐碱离子进行消减、土壤盐度下降后,才能达到预期的盐碱土壤综合改良的目的。
Effective treatment of saline soil is the bottleneck for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali soil. In this study,the effect of the washing method on the reduction of saline-alkali ion content in the surface soil was studied. The results showed that the main saline-alkali ions in the surface soil obviously reduced,and the key saline-alkali ion Na+,SO_2-4,salinity,conductivity and total dissolved solids decreased significantly.During the test period,the Na+and SO_2-4 average contents in surface soil decreased from 35. 39 cmol/kg and 36.94 cmol/kg to 6. 56 cmol/kg and 16. 25 cmol/kg,respectively. The soil salinity decreased from 16. 58‰ in the initial period to 8. 14‰ in the final period,with a decrease of 51%. The electrical conductivity dropped by 61%from the initial 6314μs/cm to 2454μs/cm at the end of the period. p H value changed little. Correlation analysis showd that soil alkalinity was not only influenced by CO_2-3 and HCO-3 in soil,but was affected by Mg2 +,Na+and SO_2-4 ionic composition and content in soil. Compared with the ease of elution of Na+,SO_2-4 in the soil was harder to elution,and it also showed that the saline soil management was not only affected by the soil texture,soil salt ion composition has great influence to the soil alkalinity reduction at the same time. The results show that soil improvement in saline-alkali soil requires the reduction of key saline-alkali ions in the soil and the decrease of soil salinity to achieve the desired comprehensive improvement of saline-alkali soil.
Effective treatment of saline soil is the bottleneck for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali soil. In this study,the effect of the washing method on the reduction of saline-alkali ion content in the surface soil was studied. The results showed that the main saline-alkali ions in the surface soil obviously reduced,and the key saline-alkali ion Na+,SO_2-4,salinity,conductivity and total dissolved solids decreased significantly.During the test period,the Na+and SO_2-4 average contents in surface soil decreased from 35. 39 cmol/kg and 36.94 cmol/kg to 6. 56 cmol/kg and 16. 25 cmol/kg,respectively. The soil salinity decreased from 16. 58‰ in the initial period to 8. 14‰ in the final period,with a decrease of 51%. The electrical conductivity dropped by 61%from the initial 6314μs/cm to 2454μs/cm at the end of the period. p H value changed little. Correlation analysis showd that soil alkalinity was not only influenced by CO_2-3 and HCO-3 in soil,but was affected by Mg2 +,Na+and SO_2-4 ionic composition and content in soil. Compared with the ease of elution of Na+,SO_2-4 in the soil was harder to elution,and it also showed that the saline soil management was not only affected by the soil texture,soil salt ion composition has great influence to the soil alkalinity reduction at the same time. The results show that soil improvement in saline-alkali soil requires the reduction of key saline-alkali ions in the soil and the decrease of soil salinity to achieve the desired comprehensive improvement of saline-alkali soil.
引文
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[14]Kinraide T. Interactions among Ca2+superior,Na+superior and K+superior in salinity toxicity:Quantitative resolution of multiple toxic and ameliorative effects[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,338(50):1495-1505.
[2]杨劲松.中国盐渍土研究的发展历程与展望[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):837-845.
[3]刘永新,方辉,来琦芳.我国盐碱水渔业现状与发展对策[J].中国工程科学,2016,18(3):74-78.
[4]边荣荣,孙兆军,李向辉,等.西北盐碱地改良利用技术研究现状及展望[J].宁夏工程技术,2016,15(4):404-408.
[5]王佳丽,黄贤金,钟太洋.盐碱地可持续利用研究综述[J].地理学报,2011,66(5):673-684.
[6]刘福荣,李林燕.宁夏银北灌区耕地土壤盐渍化现状及治理对策[J].宁夏农林科技,2008(2):63-64,66.
[7]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:1-638.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:1-495.
[9]Ghassemi F,Jakeman A J,Nix H. A. Salinization of Land and Water Resources:Human Causes,Extent,Management and Case Studies[M].Canberra,ACT 0200,Australia:CAB International,1995:1-544.
[10]张树勤,谢承陶.盐碱土改良研究50年[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(增刊):297-306.
[11]尉元明,朱丽霞,乔艳君.河西走廊农灌区耕作土壤次生盐渍化成因与防治对策[J].干旱气象,2004,22(1):21-25.
[12]朱庭芸.灌区土壤盐渍化防治[M].北京:农业出版社,1992:1-178.
[13]郭全恩.土壤盐分离子迁移及其分异规律对环境因素的响应机制[D],西安:西北农林科技大学,2010:1-136.
[14]Kinraide T. Interactions among Ca2+superior,Na+superior and K+superior in salinity toxicity:Quantitative resolution of multiple toxic and ameliorative effects[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,338(50):1495-1505.
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