基于支持向量机的土壤主要盐分离子高光谱反演模型
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摘要
快速、无损、定量地获取土壤盐分离子组成及含量是盐渍化土壤治理、改良和利用的重要依据。以新疆盐渍化土壤为研究对象,应用高光谱分析技术获取不同区域土壤盐分离子的特征光谱,在对光谱数据去噪、数据变换基础上分析了鲜样(T1)、风干(T2)和干燥(T3)3类土壤,过2、1、0.15 mm筛处理对离子含量光谱拟合模型精度的影响,建立了基于支持向量机的土壤主要盐分离子光谱反演模型,并对模型的精度和普适性进行了检验。结果表明:土壤原始特征光谱与盐分离子含量均不存在显著相关性,最大相关系数为Na+的0.41;通过光谱数据变换能够明显增强特征波段与离子含量的相关性,K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、SO_4~(2-)、Cl-和HCO-3的最优变换形式分别为(lgR)'、(lgR)'、R'、(lgR)'、CR、R'和CR,T1处理构建的拟合模型均不能很好地反演离子含量,T3处理的模型估测精度优于T2,土壤粒径越细对土壤离子含量的光谱反演效果越好。分析各处理模型的决定系数和标准误差表明,经T3处理、过0.15 mm筛所构建的离子拟合模型预测精度最高,其中K~+、Na~+、Ca2+和SO_4~(2-)的RPD分别为2.153、2.674 5、2.051和2.786 4,以未参与建模和检验的石河子垦区土样对4种离子模型的普适性检验,其R2分别为0.621 4、0.689 7、0.614 4和0.650 7,说明构建的模型适于估算该区域土壤K+、Na+、Ca2+和SO_4~(2-)的含量。
The rapid,nondestructive and quantitative analysis of the composition and content of soil salt ions is an important basis for the treatment,improvement and utilization of salinized soil. Taking the saline soil of Xinjiang as the research object,the hyperspectral analysis technique was used to obtain the spectral characteristic of soil salt ions in different regions; compared the effect on the accuracy of the soil salt ions fitting model in different treatments which included fresh soil,air drying and oven-dry sample and different particle sizes( 2 mm,1 mm and 0. 15 mm,respectively). After the transformation of spectral data,the spectral inversion models of main salt ions were established based on support vector machine( SVM),and the accuracy and universality of the model were tested. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the original spectral characteristics and soil salt ions content,and the maximum correlation coefficient was Na+( R = 0. 41). It was clear that the spectral data transformation can significantly enhance the correlation between the characteristic bands and the ions content,the optimal transformation forms of K+,Na+,Mg2 +,Ca2 +,SO_4~(2-),Cl-and HCO-3 were( lgR) ',( lgR) ',R',( lgR) ',CR,R' and CR,respectively. The fitting models of T1 treatment cannotinverse the ions content very well,the accuracy of T3 model was better than that of T2,and the smaller the soil particle size was,the better the spectral inversion effect of soil ions content was. The prediction accuracy of the ions fitting model was the highest by T3 and over 0. 15 mm sieves,the relative prediction deviation of K+,Na+,Ca2 +and SO_4~(2-) were 2. 153,2. 674 5,2. 051 and 2. 786 4,respectively,the universality test of four ion models was carried out by using samples from Shihezi area other than modeling and validation,the R2 of test models were 0. 621 4,0. 689 7,0. 614 4 and 0. 650 7,respectively. The models were suitable for estimating the content of soil K+,Na+,Ca2 +and SO_4~(2-) in Xinjiang area.
The rapid,nondestructive and quantitative analysis of the composition and content of soil salt ions is an important basis for the treatment,improvement and utilization of salinized soil. Taking the saline soil of Xinjiang as the research object,the hyperspectral analysis technique was used to obtain the spectral characteristic of soil salt ions in different regions; compared the effect on the accuracy of the soil salt ions fitting model in different treatments which included fresh soil,air drying and oven-dry sample and different particle sizes( 2 mm,1 mm and 0. 15 mm,respectively). After the transformation of spectral data,the spectral inversion models of main salt ions were established based on support vector machine( SVM),and the accuracy and universality of the model were tested. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the original spectral characteristics and soil salt ions content,and the maximum correlation coefficient was Na+( R = 0. 41). It was clear that the spectral data transformation can significantly enhance the correlation between the characteristic bands and the ions content,the optimal transformation forms of K+,Na+,Mg2 +,Ca2 +,SO_4~(2-),Cl-and HCO-3 were( lgR) ',( lgR) ',R',( lgR) ',CR,R' and CR,respectively. The fitting models of T1 treatment cannotinverse the ions content very well,the accuracy of T3 model was better than that of T2,and the smaller the soil particle size was,the better the spectral inversion effect of soil ions content was. The prediction accuracy of the ions fitting model was the highest by T3 and over 0. 15 mm sieves,the relative prediction deviation of K+,Na+,Ca2 +and SO_4~(2-) were 2. 153,2. 674 5,2. 051 and 2. 786 4,respectively,the universality test of four ion models was carried out by using samples from Shihezi area other than modeling and validation,the R2 of test models were 0. 621 4,0. 689 7,0. 614 4 and 0. 650 7,respectively. The models were suitable for estimating the content of soil K+,Na+,Ca2 +and SO_4~(2-) in Xinjiang area.
引文
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2郭全恩.土壤盐分离子迁移及其分异规律对环境因素的响应机制[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.GUO Quanen.The response mechanism of soil salt ion transfer and diversity rule to environment factors and risk analysis[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2010.(in Chinese)
3张永峰,殷薄.混合盐碱胁迫对苗期紫花苜蓿抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(1):46-50.ZHANG Yongfeng,YIN Bo.Influences of salt and alkali mixed stresses on antioxidative activity and MDA content of Medicago sativa at seedling stage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(1):46-50.(in Chinese)
4 BEN-DOR E,BANIN A.Near-infrared analysis as a rapid method to simultaneously evaluate several soil properties[J].SSSAJ,1995,59(2):364-372.
5 ENDOVITSKY A P,MINKINA T M,KALINICHENKO V P,et al.The association of ions in the soil solution of saline soils[J].American Journal of Agricultural&Biological Science,2014,9(2):238-244.
6魏昌龙,赵玉国,李德成,等.基于相似光谱匹配预测土壤有机质和阳离子交换量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(1):81-88.WEI Changlong,ZHAO Yuguo,LI Decheng,et al.Prediction of soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity based on spectral similarity measuring[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(1):81-88.(in Chinese)
7彭杰,刘焕军,史舟,等.盐渍化土壤光谱特征的区域异质性及盐分反演[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(17):167-174.PENG Jie,LIU Huanjun,SHI Zhou,et al.Regional heterogeneity of hyperspectral characteristics of salt-affected soil and salinity inversion[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(17):167-174.(in Chinese)
8 SRIVASTAVA R,SETHI M,YADAV R K,et al.Visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for rapid characterization of saltaffected soil in the indo-gangetic plains of haryana,India[J].Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,2017,45(2):307-315.
9屈永华,段小亮,高鸿永,等.内蒙古河套灌区土壤盐分光谱定量分析研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(5):1362-1366.QU Yonghua,DUAN Xiaoliang,GAO Hongyong,et al.Quantitative retrieval of soil salinity using hyperspetral data in the region of Inner Mongolia Hetal irrigation district[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2009,29(5):1362-1366.(in Chinese)
10 WENG Y L,GONG P,ZHU Z L.Reflectance spectroscopy for the assessment of soil salt content in soils of the Yellow River delta of China[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,29(19):5511-5531.
11 ZHANG T T,ZENG S L,GAO Y,et al.Using hyperspectral vegetation indices as a proxy to monitor soil salinity[J].Ecological Indicators,2011,11(6):1552-1562.
12卢霞.滨海盐土盐分含量与其光谱特征的关系研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):186-190.LU Xia.Relationship between saline concentration and its reflectance spectra for seashore saline soil[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(5):186-190.(in Chinese)
13李民赞,郑立华,安晓飞,等.土壤成分与特性参数光谱快速检测方法及传感技术[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(3):73-87.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130315&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.03.015.LI Minzan,ZHENG Lihua,AN Xiaofei,et al.Fast measurement and advanced sensors of soil parameters with NIR spectroscopy[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(3):73-87.(in Chinese)
14鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
15吕真真,刘广明,杨劲松.新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤盐分特征研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(2):289-295.LZhenzhen,LIU Guangming,YANG Jingsong.Soil salinity characteristics of manas river valley in Xinjiang[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(2):289-295.(in Chinese)
16向红英,柳维扬,彭杰,等.基于连续统去除法的南疆水稻土有机质含量预测[J].土壤,2016,48(2):389-394.XIANG Hongying,LIU Weiyang,PENG Jie,et al.Predicting organic matter content in paddy soil using method of continuum removal in southern Xinjiang,China[J].Soils,2016,48(2):389-394.(in Chinese)
17刘亚秋,陈红艳,王瑞燕,等.基于可见/近红外光谱的黄河口区土壤盐分及其主要离子的定量分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(10):1925-1935.LIU Yaqiu,CHEN Hongyan,WANG Ruiyan,et al.Quantitative analysis of soil salt and its main ions based on visible/near infrared spectroscopy in estuary area of Yellow River[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(10):1925-1935.(in Chinese)
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