不同质量苜蓿草粉对后备母猪生长性能、抗氧化及发情率的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究不同质量苜蓿草粉对后备母猪生长性能、抗氧化及发情率的影响。试验选取120日龄(体重约40 kg)的后备母猪420头,随机分为4组(每组7个重复,每个重复15头猪)。对照组饲喂不含苜蓿草粉的基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂添加10%低、中、高质量苜蓿草粉(粗蛋白质含量分别为15.1%、18.3%、20.0%;酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为40.3%、34.5%、28.8%;中性洗涤纤维含量分别为50.4%、41.7%、36.2%)的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期100 d。结果表明:1) 120～220日龄阶段,试验组母猪平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ组母猪平均日增重最高;试验组母猪料重比与对照组相比有降低趋势,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。试验Ⅲ组母猪的腹泻率和死亡率显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组母猪血清中甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组母猪血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组母猪血浆必需氨基酸中精氨酸、蛋氨酸、缬氨酸含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);母猪血浆非必需氨基酸中天冬氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比母猪190～220日龄的发情率显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组母猪血清雌激素含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组母猪血清瘦素含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组母猪血清孕酮含量与对照组的差异没有达到显著水平(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组母猪血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。试验Ⅲ组母猪血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合分析得出,在后备母猪饲粮中添加10%中质量(粗蛋白质含量为18.3%)和高质量(粗蛋白质含量为20.0%)苜蓿草粉具有更好的生产效果,添加10%中质量(粗蛋白质含量为18.3%)苜蓿草粉具有更好的经济效益。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of alfalfa meal with different qualities on growth performance,antioxidant and estrus rate of prepubertal gilts. A total of 420 gilts aged 120 days( body weight about 40 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups( 7 replicates per group,15 gilts per replicate) : gilts in control group were fed a basal diet and those in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed diets with different qualities alfalfa meal( crude protein contents: 15.1%,18.3% and 20.0%,respectively; acid detergent fiber contents: 40.3%,34.5% and 28.8%,respectively; neutral detergent fiber contents: 50.4%,41.7% and36.2%,respectively). Pre-test lasted 10 d,and test lasted 100 d. The results showed as follows: 1) at 120 to220 days of age,the average daily weight gain of gilts in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group( P < 0. 05),but there were no significant difference among experimental groups( P >0.05),and the average daily gain of gilts in experimental group I was the highest. The feed/gain of gilts in experimental groups decreased compared with the control group,but did not reach a significant level( P>0.05).The diarrhea rate and mortality rate in experimental group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in the control group and experimental group Ⅰ( P<0.05). 2) The serum triglyceride content in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲwas significantly lower than that in the control group( P<0.05). The serum immunoglobulin( Ig) G and Ig M contents in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group( P< 0. 05).The contents of arginine,methionine and valine in plasma of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group( P < 0.05). The contents of non-essential amino acids aspartic acid,proline and tyrosine in plasma of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,the estrus rate of gilts at aged 190 to 220 days in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly increased( P<0.05). The serum estrogen content of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P<0.05). The serum leptincontent of gilts in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P<0.05). The serum progesterone content of gilts in experimental group Ⅲ was not significantly higher than that in the control group( P>0.05). 4) Compared with the control group,the content of malondialdehyde in serum of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ decreased significantly( P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase in serum of gilts in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P< 0. 05). The results show that diet supplemented with 10% medium-quality alfalfa meal( crude protein content is 18.3%) and highquality alfalfa meal( crude protein content is 20.0%) have better production effect of gilts,and using mediumquality alfalfa meal( crude protein content is 18.3%) has better economic results.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2405-2415]
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of alfalfa meal with different qualities on growth performance,antioxidant and estrus rate of prepubertal gilts. A total of 420 gilts aged 120 days( body weight about 40 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups( 7 replicates per group,15 gilts per replicate) : gilts in control group were fed a basal diet and those in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed diets with different qualities alfalfa meal( crude protein contents: 15.1%,18.3% and 20.0%,respectively; acid detergent fiber contents: 40.3%,34.5% and 28.8%,respectively; neutral detergent fiber contents: 50.4%,41.7% and36.2%,respectively). Pre-test lasted 10 d,and test lasted 100 d. The results showed as follows: 1) at 120 to220 days of age,the average daily weight gain of gilts in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group( P < 0. 05),but there were no significant difference among experimental groups( P >0.05),and the average daily gain of gilts in experimental group I was the highest. The feed/gain of gilts in experimental groups decreased compared with the control group,but did not reach a significant level( P>0.05).The diarrhea rate and mortality rate in experimental group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in the control group and experimental group Ⅰ( P<0.05). 2) The serum triglyceride content in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲwas significantly lower than that in the control group( P<0.05). The serum immunoglobulin( Ig) G and Ig M contents in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group( P< 0. 05).The contents of arginine,methionine and valine in plasma of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group( P < 0.05). The contents of non-essential amino acids aspartic acid,proline and tyrosine in plasma of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,the estrus rate of gilts at aged 190 to 220 days in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly increased( P<0.05). The serum estrogen content of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P<0.05). The serum leptincontent of gilts in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P<0.05). The serum progesterone content of gilts in experimental group Ⅲ was not significantly higher than that in the control group( P>0.05). 4) Compared with the control group,the content of malondialdehyde in serum of gilts in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ decreased significantly( P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase in serum of gilts in experimental group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P< 0. 05). The results show that diet supplemented with 10% medium-quality alfalfa meal( crude protein content is 18.3%) and highquality alfalfa meal( crude protein content is 20.0%) have better production effect of gilts,and using mediumquality alfalfa meal( crude protein content is 18.3%) has better economic results.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2405-2415]
引文
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[16]徐向阳,王成章,杨雨鑫,等.苜蓿草粉对生长猪生产性能及血清指标的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006(2):164-169.
[17] ANGUITA M,CANIBE N,PEREZ J F,et al. Influence of the amount of dietary fiber on the available energy from hindgut fermentation in grow ing pigs:use of cannulated pigs and in vitro fermentation[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(10):2766-2778.
[18]王彦华.苜蓿草粉和苜蓿皂苷对肥育猪生产性能和抗氧化性能的影响[C]//第五届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集.中国畜牧业协会、内蒙古自治区赤峰市人民政府、内蒙古自治区农牧业厅:中国畜牧业协会,2013:7.
[19]尹佳.不同纤维源对猪生长性能、养分消化率和肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[20] MALMLOF K. Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism partition and consequences of imbalance[J]. Journal of Agriculture Research,1988,18(4):191-193.
[21]王成章,李德锋,严学兵,等.肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对其生产性能、消化率及血清指标的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(6):71-77.
[22]刘凯,余书勤.苜蓿皂甙对胆固醇排泄和内皮细胞释放一氧化氮的影响[J].徐州医学院学报,1999,19(6):442-444.
[23] MALINOW M R,MCLAUGHLIN P,STAFFORD C.Alfalfa seeds:effects on cholesterol metabolism[J].Experientia,1980,36(5):562-654.
[24] EASTWOOD M A.The physiological effect of dietary fiber:an update[J]. Annual Review of Nutrition,2003,12(1):19-35.
[25]韩正康.家畜生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[26] WHITLEY N C,BARB C R,UTLEY R V,et al.Influence of stage of the estrous cycle on insulin-like grow th factor-1 modulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in the gilt[J]. Biology of Reproduction,1995,53(6):1359-1364.
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[2]石建凯,石晓琳,张攀,等.饲粮纤维对后备母猪卵母细胞质量的影响及其作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2630-2635.
[3]王石瑛.营养因素对后备母猪生产性能的影响[J].畜禽业,2008(11):26-27.
[4]廉红霞,王成章,杨雨鑫,等.不同苜蓿草粉添加水平对妊娠母猪及其仔猪生产性能的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(6):35-40.
[5] NOBLET J,LE GOFF G.Effect of dietary fibre on the energy value of feeds for pigs[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2001,90(1/2):35-52.
[6]高巍,孟庆翔.生长育肥猪胃肠道正常厌氧菌群的数量和分区[J].中国农业大学学报,2000(5):88-93.
[7] LIN B,GONG J S,WANG Q,et al. In-vitro assessment of the effects of dietary fibers on microbial fermentation and communities from large intestinal digesta of pigs[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2011,25(2):180-188.
[8]王守福.日粮中添加苜蓿对育肥猪增重效果的试验研究[J].养殖与饲料,2011(6):55-56.
[9]王明进,许万里,李雷,等.日粮中添加紫花苜蓿对猪育肥效果影响的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(10):62-64,67.
[10]史莹华,王成章,徐兵,等.苜蓿皂甙对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化性能的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(5):735-739.
[11] WUSTHOLZ J,CARRASCO S,BERGER U,et al.Fattening and slaughtering performance of grow ing pigs consuming high levels of alfalfa silage(Medicago sativa)in organic pig production[J]. Livestock Science,2017,200:46-52.
[12]彭宝安,高永革,王成章,等.妊娠母猪饲粮中不同苜蓿鲜草替代量对其生产性能的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):219-228.
[13]徐文燕,高微微,何春年,等.紫花苜蓿不同品种和不同季节黄酮量的比较研究[J].中草药,2009,40(5):815-817.
[14] MACKIE R I,SGHIR A,GASKINS H R. Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1999,69(5):1035S-1045S.
[15]赵静.添加苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(5):809-815.
[16]徐向阳,王成章,杨雨鑫,等.苜蓿草粉对生长猪生产性能及血清指标的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006(2):164-169.
[17] ANGUITA M,CANIBE N,PEREZ J F,et al. Influence of the amount of dietary fiber on the available energy from hindgut fermentation in grow ing pigs:use of cannulated pigs and in vitro fermentation[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(10):2766-2778.
[18]王彦华.苜蓿草粉和苜蓿皂苷对肥育猪生产性能和抗氧化性能的影响[C]//第五届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集.中国畜牧业协会、内蒙古自治区赤峰市人民政府、内蒙古自治区农牧业厅:中国畜牧业协会,2013:7.
[19]尹佳.不同纤维源对猪生长性能、养分消化率和肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[20] MALMLOF K. Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism partition and consequences of imbalance[J]. Journal of Agriculture Research,1988,18(4):191-193.
[21]王成章,李德锋,严学兵,等.肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对其生产性能、消化率及血清指标的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(6):71-77.
[22]刘凯,余书勤.苜蓿皂甙对胆固醇排泄和内皮细胞释放一氧化氮的影响[J].徐州医学院学报,1999,19(6):442-444.
[23] MALINOW M R,MCLAUGHLIN P,STAFFORD C.Alfalfa seeds:effects on cholesterol metabolism[J].Experientia,1980,36(5):562-654.
[24] EASTWOOD M A.The physiological effect of dietary fiber:an update[J]. Annual Review of Nutrition,2003,12(1):19-35.
[25]韩正康.家畜生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[26] WHITLEY N C,BARB C R,UTLEY R V,et al.Influence of stage of the estrous cycle on insulin-like grow th factor-1 modulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in the gilt[J]. Biology of Reproduction,1995,53(6):1359-1364.
[27]同文江,曹社会,马健.苜蓿叶粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2006,(12):2743-2745.
[28]王彦华.苜蓿皂甙和草粉对断奶仔猪和肥育猪生产性能的影响及其机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2007.
[29]胡明,卢德勋,牛文艺,等.苜蓿皂甙及其生物活性[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(1):9-12.
[30] SHI Y H,WANG J,GUO R,et al. Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on grow th performance and some antioxidant indices of w eaned piglets[J]. Livestock Science,2014,167:257-262.
[31] AGARWAL A,GUPTA S,SIKKA S.The role of free radicals and antioxidants in reproduction[J]. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology,2006,18(3):325-332.
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