有限元分析的C型预弯机轻量化设计
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摘要
针对一款C型预弯机,为检测其强度与刚度要求,避免出现安全系数过高的问题,将其模型简化后建立有限元模型,初步有限元分析显示最大应力为261. 17 MPa,超过材料屈服极限要求且集中在机身喉口处。为进一步加强预弯机强度,避免出现结构笨重的问题,根据初步分析结果设置正交试验,将前后两种不同直径的拉杆、侧板、八角筋板和上横梁焊件内部筋板的结构参数作为变量,进行了参数化建模,得到16组有限元分析计算结果。基于最小二乘法在SPSS中计算得到预弯机整体变形、应力及重量与机身结构参数的回归系数与方程,并建立了优化目标函数的数学模型,最终通过Matlab优化工具箱计算出了试验后的轻量化参数。结果使得预弯机重量降低17900 kg,应力减小46. 67 MPa,轻量化比例为7. 34%。
For a type of C pre-bending machine,in order to test its strength and stiffness requirements and avoid the problem of high safety factor,the model was simplified,and the finite element model was established. However,the preliminary finite element analysis showes that maximum stress 261. 17 MPa exceedes the material yield limit requirements and concentrates at the throat of fuselage. In order to further strengthen the strength of pre-bending machine and avoid the problem of heavy structure,according to the preliminary analysis result,the orthogonal test was set up,and the structure parameters of two different diameters of pull rods,side plates,octagonal stiffener and internal stiffener of upper beam weldment were taken as variables. Then,the parametric modeling was conducted,and the results of sixteen groups of finite element analysis were obtained. Based on the least square method,the regression coefficients and equations of the whole deformation,stress and weight and structural parameters of fuselage were calculated in SPSS,and a mathematical model was established to optimize the target function. Finally,the lightweight parameters of test were calculated by the Matlab optimization toolbox. The results show that the weight and stress of pre-bending machine reduce 17900 kg and 46. 67 MPa respectively,and the lightweight ratio is7. 34%.
For a type of C pre-bending machine,in order to test its strength and stiffness requirements and avoid the problem of high safety factor,the model was simplified,and the finite element model was established. However,the preliminary finite element analysis showes that maximum stress 261. 17 MPa exceedes the material yield limit requirements and concentrates at the throat of fuselage. In order to further strengthen the strength of pre-bending machine and avoid the problem of heavy structure,according to the preliminary analysis result,the orthogonal test was set up,and the structure parameters of two different diameters of pull rods,side plates,octagonal stiffener and internal stiffener of upper beam weldment were taken as variables. Then,the parametric modeling was conducted,and the results of sixteen groups of finite element analysis were obtained. Based on the least square method,the regression coefficients and equations of the whole deformation,stress and weight and structural parameters of fuselage were calculated in SPSS,and a mathematical model was established to optimize the target function. Finally,the lightweight parameters of test were calculated by the Matlab optimization toolbox. The results show that the weight and stress of pre-bending machine reduce 17900 kg and 46. 67 MPa respectively,and the lightweight ratio is7. 34%.
引文
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[3]谢峰,沈维蕾,林巨广. C型压力机机身的轻量化设计[J].工程图学学报,2010,31(1):13-19.Xie F,Shen W L,Lin J G. The weight-lighten design for the frame of C-type hydraulic press based on the iterative optimal method[J]. Journal of Graphics,2010,31(1):13-19.
[4]翟庆波,苏兆婧.轻量化设计在工程机械中的应用[J].设计,2016,(17):120-121.Zhai Q B,Su Z J. Application of lightweight design in construction machinery[J]. Design,2016,(17):120-121.
[5]胡朝辉.面向汽车轻量化设计的关键技术研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.Hu Z H. Study on Key Techniques of Vehicle Lightweight[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2010.
[6]刘祥. WF67Y-160/3200数控折弯机有限元分析[J].科技与生活,2012,(21):170-171.Liu X. Finite element analysis of WF67Y-160/3200 CNC bending machine[J]. Technology and Life,2012,(21):170-171.
[7]濮良贵.机械设计[M].第9版.北京:高等教育出版社,2013.Pu L G. Mechanical Design[M]. The Ninth Edition. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2013.
[8]范如明,李恒,吉桂生,等.模锻压力机机身结构与刚度分析[J].锻压装备与制造技术,2016,51(4):19-22.Fan R M,Li H,Ji G S,et al. Structure and stiffness analysis of frame for die forging press[J]. China Metalforming Equipment&Manufacturing Technology,2016,51(4):19-22.
[9]赵小满,周欢,席美蕾,等.折弯机侧板有限元分析与优化[J].锻压装备与制造技术,2014,49(5):29-31.Zhao X M,Zhou H,Xi M L,et al. Finite element analysis and optimization of side plate for press brake[J]. China Metalforming Equipment&Manufacturing Technology,2014,49(5):29-31.
[10]赵韩,陈兴玉,董玉德,等.参数化有限元分析的液压机机身轻量化设计[J].图学学报,2010,31(1):20-25.Zhao H,Chen X Y,Dong Y D,et al. Research on lightweight design of press frame structure based on parametric FEA[J]. Journal of Graphics,2010,31(1):20-25.
[11]何晓群,刘文卿.应用回归分析[M].第3版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2011.He X Q,Liu W Q. Applied Regression Analysis[M]. The Third Edition. Beijing:Renmin University of China Press,2011.
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[13]成大先.机械设计手册:第2卷[M]. 3版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.Cheng D X. Mechanical Design Manual:Volume Two[M]. The Third Edition. Beijing:China Machine Press,2004.
[14]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法[M]. 2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2016.Chen B L. Optimization Theory and Algorithms[M]. The second Edition. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2016.
[15]杨世文,许小健. Matlab优化工具箱在结构优化设计中的应用[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(5):1347-1349.Yang S W,Xu X J. Application of MATLAB optimization toolbox in structural optimization[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2008,8(5):1347-1349.