磁共振检查噪声对胎儿及婴幼儿听觉功能的影响
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摘要
磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)已被广泛应用于胎儿及婴幼儿疾病诊断与相关研究。然而,MRI检查时的高强度噪声,若防护不到位,易造成受检者听功能损伤。目前,已有大量关于MRI噪声对成人听觉系统影响的报道。相比成人,胎儿及婴幼儿在听解剖结构、系统功能与噪声易感性等方面差异显著。MRI噪声对该人群听功能的影响,尚缺乏系统综述。该文通过总结听觉系统发育进程、噪声性听力损伤机制、MRI噪声特点及暴露法规,回顾既往MRI噪声对胎儿与婴幼儿听功能影响的相关研究,为进一步提高特殊人群MRI检查安全性提供参考。
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has been increasingly used for fetus and infants.The produced acoustic noise at MRI scan may cause hearing injury with improper hearing protection. Numerous studies have reported the auditory effects of MRI noise on adults. The fetus and infants present remarkably different auditory anatomy and function, and vulnerability to noise in contrast to adults. The systematic review concerning the impacts of MRI noise on this population is lacking. Thus, this article will introduce the auditory development, summarize the mechanism of noise-induced hearing impairment, and review the previous studies on the impact of MRI noise in fetus and infants for providing a useful reference in improving the safety of MRI examination.
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has been increasingly used for fetus and infants.The produced acoustic noise at MRI scan may cause hearing injury with improper hearing protection. Numerous studies have reported the auditory effects of MRI noise on adults. The fetus and infants present remarkably different auditory anatomy and function, and vulnerability to noise in contrast to adults. The systematic review concerning the impacts of MRI noise on this population is lacking. Thus, this article will introduce the auditory development, summarize the mechanism of noise-induced hearing impairment, and review the previous studies on the impact of MRI noise in fetus and infants for providing a useful reference in improving the safety of MRI examination.
引文
[1]Moore JK,Linthicum FH.The human auditory system:a timeline of development.Int J Audiol,2007,46(9):460-478.
[2]Birnholz JC,Benacerraf BR.The development of human fetal hearing.Science,1983,222(4623):516-518.
[3]Gerhardt KJ,Abrams RM.Fetal Exposures to Sound and Vibroacoustic Stimulation.J perinatol,2000,20(Supl 1):21-30.
[4]Le TN,Straatman LV,Jane Lea,et al.Current insights in noiseinduced hearing loss:a literature review of the underlying mechanism,pathophysiology,asymmetry,and management options.J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2017,46(1):41.
[5]Rabinowitz PM,Deron G,Slade MD,et al.Audiogram notches in noiseexposed workers.Ear Hear,2006,27(6):742-750.
[6]Pierson LL,Gerhardt KJ,Rodriguez GP,et al.Relationship between outer ear resonance and permanent noise-induced hearing loss.Am JOtolaryngol,1994,15(1):37-40.
[7]Emmerich E,Richter F,Linss V,et al.Frequency-specific cochlear damage in guinea pig after exposure to different types of realistic industrial noise.Hear Res,2005,201(1-2):90-98.
[8]Suvorov G,Denisov E,Antipin V,et al.Effects of peak levels and number of impulses to hearing among forge hammering workers.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,2001,16(8):816-822.
[9]Saunders JC,Chen CS.Sensitive periods of susceptibility to auditory trauma in mammals.Environ Health Perspect,1982,44:63-66.
[10]Lenoir M.Supra-normal susceptibility to acoustic trauma of the rat pup cochlea.Physiol,1979,75(5):521-524.
[11]Song JF,Qiao FY.Noise-induced hearing loss and preventive measures.Occup Health,2016,32(14):2009-2012.宋军芬,谯凤英.噪声性听力损失及防范措施.职业与健康,2016,32(14):2009-2012.
[12]Slepecky N.Overview of mechanical damage to the inner ear:noise as a tool to probe cochlear function.Hear Res,1986,22(1):307-321.
[13]Yamane H,Nakai Y,Takayama M,et al.Appearance of free radicals in the guinea pig inner ear after noise-induced acoustic trauma.Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol,1995,252(8):504-508.
[14]Orrenius S,Zhivotovsky B,Nicotera P.Regulation of cell death:the calcium-apoptosis link.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2003,4(7):552-565.
[15]Lynn S,Heidi S.Beyond newborn screening:early diagnosis and management of hearing loss in infants.J Nat Associ Neonat Nurses,2005,5(2):104-112.
[16]Starr AR,Amlie RN,Martin WH,et al.Development of auditory function in newborn infants revealed by auditory brainstem potentials.Pediatrics,1978,60(6):831-839.
[17]Seixas,SN.Predictors of hearing threshold levels and distortion product otoacoustic emissions among noise exposed young adults.Occupat Environ Med,2004,61(11):899-907.
[18]Sisto R,Chelotti S,Moriconi L,et al.Otoacoustic emission sensitivity to low levels of noise-induced hearing loss.J Acousti Society Am,2007,122(1):387-401.
[19]Job A,Raynal M,Kossowski M,et al.Otoacoustic detection of risk of early hearing loss in ears with normal audiograms:a 3-year follow-up study.Hear Res,2009,251(1-2):10-16.
[20]Margolis RH,Bass-Ringdahl S,Hanks WD,et al.Tympanometry in Newborn Infants 1 kHz Norms.J Am Academy Audiol,2003,14(7):383.
[21]Cho ZH,Park SH,Kim JH,et al.Analysis of acoustic noise in MRI.Magn Reson Imaging,1997,15(7):815-822.
[22]Hurwitz R,Lane SR,Bell RA,et al.Acoustic analysis of gradient-coil noise in MR imaging.Radiology,1989,173(2):545-548.
[23]Hattori Y,Fukatsu H,Ishigaki T.Measurement and evaluation of the acoustic noise of a 24.3 Tesla MR scanner.Nagoya J Med Sci,2007,69(1-2):23-28.
[24]Shellock FG,Ziarati M,Atkinson D,et al.Determination of gradient magnetic field-induced acoustic noise associated with the use of echo planar and three-dimensional,fast spin echo techniques.J Magn Reson Imaging,1998,8(5):1154-1157.
[25]Price DL,Wilde JP,Papadaki AM,et al.Investigation of acoustic noise on 15 MRI scanners from 0.2 T to 3 T.J Magn Reson Imaging,2001,13(2):288-293.
[26]Gierke V.Acoustics-determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment.ISO/DIS 1999.Am JHospice Palliat Care,1990,38(9):1001-1008.
[27]David G.Safety guidelines for magnetic resonance imaging equipment in clinical use.Med Health Prod Regulat Agency,2016:14-14.
[28]Expert Panel on MR Safety,Kanal E,Barkovich AJ,et al.ACR guidance document on MR safe practices:2013.J Magn Reson Imaging,2013,37(3):501-530.
[29]Lalande NM,Hétu R,Lambert J.Is occupational noise exposure during pregnancy a risk factor of damage to the auditory system of the fetus?Am J Industr Med,2010,10(4):427-435.
[30]Macnab A,Chen Y,Gagnon F,et al.Vibration and noise in pediatric emergency transport vehicles:a potential cause of morbidity?Aviat Space Environment Med,1995,66(3):212.
[31]Philbin MK,Evans JB.Standards for the acoustic environment of the newborn ICU.J Perinatol,2006,26(Supl 3):27-30.
[32]Glover P,Hykin J,Gowland P,et al.Assessment of the intrauterine sound intensity level during obstetric echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging.Br J Radiol,1995,68(814):1090-1094.
[33]Gerhardt KJ,Abrams RM,Kovaz BM,et al.Intrauterine noise levels produced in pregnant ewes by sound applied to the abdomen.Am JObstetr Gynecol,1988,159(1):228-232.
[34]Ray JG,Vermeulen MJ,Bharatha A,et al.Association between mri exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes.JAMA,2016,316(9):952.
[35]Clements H,Duncan KR,Fielding K,et al.Infants exposed to MRIin utero have a normal paediatric assessment at 9 months of age.Br JRadiol,2000,73(866):190-194.
[36]Bouyssi-Kobar M,Du Plessis AJ,Robertson RL,et al.Fetal magnetic resonance imaging:exposure times and functional outcomes at preschool age.Pediatr Radiol,2015,45(12),1823-1830.
[37]Baker PN,Johnson IR,Harvey PR,et al.A three-year follow-up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance.Am JObstetr Gynecol,1994,170(1):32-33.
[38]Kok RD,de Vries MM,Heerschap A,et al.Absence of harmful effects of magnetic resonance exposure at 1.5 T in utero during the third trimester of pregnancy:a follow-up study.Magn Reson Imaging,2004,22(6):851-854.
[39]Reeves MJ,Brandreth M,Whitby EH,et al.Neonatal cochlear function:measurement after exposure to acoustic noise during in utero MRimaging.Int J Med Radiol,2011,257(3):802-809.
[40]Strizek B,Jani JC,Mucyo E,et al.Safety of MR Imaging at 1.5 T in Fetuses:a retrospective case-control study of birth weights and the effects of acoustic noise.Radiology,2015,275(2):530-537.
[41]Jaimes C,Delgado J,Cunnane MB,et al.Does 3-T fetal MRI induce adverse acoustic effects in the neonate?A preliminary study comparing postnatal auditory test performance of fetuses scanned at 1.5 and 3 T.Pediatr Radiol,2019,49(1):37-45.
[42]Gerhardt KJ,Abrams RM,Kovaz BM,et al.Intrauterine noise levels produced in pregnant ewes by sound applied to the abdomen.Am JObstetr Gynecol,1988,159(1):228-232.
[43]Wang HW,Wu B,Liu J,et al.Influence of the 3.0 T magnetic resonance on the hearing of newborn infants.Chin J Appl Clinl Pediat,2015,30(2):99-101.王华伟,吴冰,刘敬,等.3.0T磁共振对新生儿听力的影响.中华实用儿科临床杂志,2015,30(2):99-101.
[44]Sininger YS,Abdala C.Hearing threshold as measured by auditory brain stem response in human neonates.Ear Hear,1996,17(5):395-401.
[45]Sedat A,Mika V,Wei S,et al.Acoustic noise reduction in MRI using silent scan:an initial experience.Diagn Intervent Radiol,2014,20(4):360-363.
[46]Katsunuma A,Takamori H,Sakakura Y,et al.Quiet MRI with novel acoustic noise reduction.Magn Reson Materials Phys Biol Med,2001,13(3):139-144.
[47]Ravicz ME,Melcher JR.Isolating the auditory system from acoustic noise during functional magnetic resonance imaging:examination of noise conduction through the ear canal,head,and body.J Acoust Societ Am,2001,109(1):216-231.
[48]Nordell A,Lundh M,Horsch S,et al.The acoustic hood:a patientindependent device improving acoustic noise protection during neonatal magnetic resonance imaging.Acta Peadiatr,2009,98(8):1278-1283.
[49]Tkach JA,Li Y,Pratt RG,et al.Characterization of acoustic noise in a neonatal intensive care unit MRI system.Pediatr Radiol,2014,44(8):1011-1019.
[50]Mcjury M,Shellock FG.Auditory noise associated with mr procedures.J Magn Reson Imaging,2000,12(1):37-45.
[2]Birnholz JC,Benacerraf BR.The development of human fetal hearing.Science,1983,222(4623):516-518.
[3]Gerhardt KJ,Abrams RM.Fetal Exposures to Sound and Vibroacoustic Stimulation.J perinatol,2000,20(Supl 1):21-30.
[4]Le TN,Straatman LV,Jane Lea,et al.Current insights in noiseinduced hearing loss:a literature review of the underlying mechanism,pathophysiology,asymmetry,and management options.J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2017,46(1):41.
[5]Rabinowitz PM,Deron G,Slade MD,et al.Audiogram notches in noiseexposed workers.Ear Hear,2006,27(6):742-750.
[6]Pierson LL,Gerhardt KJ,Rodriguez GP,et al.Relationship between outer ear resonance and permanent noise-induced hearing loss.Am JOtolaryngol,1994,15(1):37-40.
[7]Emmerich E,Richter F,Linss V,et al.Frequency-specific cochlear damage in guinea pig after exposure to different types of realistic industrial noise.Hear Res,2005,201(1-2):90-98.
[8]Suvorov G,Denisov E,Antipin V,et al.Effects of peak levels and number of impulses to hearing among forge hammering workers.Appl Occup Environ Hyg,2001,16(8):816-822.
[9]Saunders JC,Chen CS.Sensitive periods of susceptibility to auditory trauma in mammals.Environ Health Perspect,1982,44:63-66.
[10]Lenoir M.Supra-normal susceptibility to acoustic trauma of the rat pup cochlea.Physiol,1979,75(5):521-524.
[11]Song JF,Qiao FY.Noise-induced hearing loss and preventive measures.Occup Health,2016,32(14):2009-2012.宋军芬,谯凤英.噪声性听力损失及防范措施.职业与健康,2016,32(14):2009-2012.
[12]Slepecky N.Overview of mechanical damage to the inner ear:noise as a tool to probe cochlear function.Hear Res,1986,22(1):307-321.
[13]Yamane H,Nakai Y,Takayama M,et al.Appearance of free radicals in the guinea pig inner ear after noise-induced acoustic trauma.Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol,1995,252(8):504-508.
[14]Orrenius S,Zhivotovsky B,Nicotera P.Regulation of cell death:the calcium-apoptosis link.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2003,4(7):552-565.
[15]Lynn S,Heidi S.Beyond newborn screening:early diagnosis and management of hearing loss in infants.J Nat Associ Neonat Nurses,2005,5(2):104-112.
[16]Starr AR,Amlie RN,Martin WH,et al.Development of auditory function in newborn infants revealed by auditory brainstem potentials.Pediatrics,1978,60(6):831-839.
[17]Seixas,SN.Predictors of hearing threshold levels and distortion product otoacoustic emissions among noise exposed young adults.Occupat Environ Med,2004,61(11):899-907.
[18]Sisto R,Chelotti S,Moriconi L,et al.Otoacoustic emission sensitivity to low levels of noise-induced hearing loss.J Acousti Society Am,2007,122(1):387-401.
[19]Job A,Raynal M,Kossowski M,et al.Otoacoustic detection of risk of early hearing loss in ears with normal audiograms:a 3-year follow-up study.Hear Res,2009,251(1-2):10-16.
[20]Margolis RH,Bass-Ringdahl S,Hanks WD,et al.Tympanometry in Newborn Infants 1 kHz Norms.J Am Academy Audiol,2003,14(7):383.
[21]Cho ZH,Park SH,Kim JH,et al.Analysis of acoustic noise in MRI.Magn Reson Imaging,1997,15(7):815-822.
[22]Hurwitz R,Lane SR,Bell RA,et al.Acoustic analysis of gradient-coil noise in MR imaging.Radiology,1989,173(2):545-548.
[23]Hattori Y,Fukatsu H,Ishigaki T.Measurement and evaluation of the acoustic noise of a 24.3 Tesla MR scanner.Nagoya J Med Sci,2007,69(1-2):23-28.
[24]Shellock FG,Ziarati M,Atkinson D,et al.Determination of gradient magnetic field-induced acoustic noise associated with the use of echo planar and three-dimensional,fast spin echo techniques.J Magn Reson Imaging,1998,8(5):1154-1157.
[25]Price DL,Wilde JP,Papadaki AM,et al.Investigation of acoustic noise on 15 MRI scanners from 0.2 T to 3 T.J Magn Reson Imaging,2001,13(2):288-293.
[26]Gierke V.Acoustics-determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment.ISO/DIS 1999.Am JHospice Palliat Care,1990,38(9):1001-1008.
[27]David G.Safety guidelines for magnetic resonance imaging equipment in clinical use.Med Health Prod Regulat Agency,2016:14-14.
[28]Expert Panel on MR Safety,Kanal E,Barkovich AJ,et al.ACR guidance document on MR safe practices:2013.J Magn Reson Imaging,2013,37(3):501-530.
[29]Lalande NM,Hétu R,Lambert J.Is occupational noise exposure during pregnancy a risk factor of damage to the auditory system of the fetus?Am J Industr Med,2010,10(4):427-435.
[30]Macnab A,Chen Y,Gagnon F,et al.Vibration and noise in pediatric emergency transport vehicles:a potential cause of morbidity?Aviat Space Environment Med,1995,66(3):212.
[31]Philbin MK,Evans JB.Standards for the acoustic environment of the newborn ICU.J Perinatol,2006,26(Supl 3):27-30.
[32]Glover P,Hykin J,Gowland P,et al.Assessment of the intrauterine sound intensity level during obstetric echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging.Br J Radiol,1995,68(814):1090-1094.
[33]Gerhardt KJ,Abrams RM,Kovaz BM,et al.Intrauterine noise levels produced in pregnant ewes by sound applied to the abdomen.Am JObstetr Gynecol,1988,159(1):228-232.
[34]Ray JG,Vermeulen MJ,Bharatha A,et al.Association between mri exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes.JAMA,2016,316(9):952.
[35]Clements H,Duncan KR,Fielding K,et al.Infants exposed to MRIin utero have a normal paediatric assessment at 9 months of age.Br JRadiol,2000,73(866):190-194.
[36]Bouyssi-Kobar M,Du Plessis AJ,Robertson RL,et al.Fetal magnetic resonance imaging:exposure times and functional outcomes at preschool age.Pediatr Radiol,2015,45(12),1823-1830.
[37]Baker PN,Johnson IR,Harvey PR,et al.A three-year follow-up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance.Am JObstetr Gynecol,1994,170(1):32-33.
[38]Kok RD,de Vries MM,Heerschap A,et al.Absence of harmful effects of magnetic resonance exposure at 1.5 T in utero during the third trimester of pregnancy:a follow-up study.Magn Reson Imaging,2004,22(6):851-854.
[39]Reeves MJ,Brandreth M,Whitby EH,et al.Neonatal cochlear function:measurement after exposure to acoustic noise during in utero MRimaging.Int J Med Radiol,2011,257(3):802-809.
[40]Strizek B,Jani JC,Mucyo E,et al.Safety of MR Imaging at 1.5 T in Fetuses:a retrospective case-control study of birth weights and the effects of acoustic noise.Radiology,2015,275(2):530-537.
[41]Jaimes C,Delgado J,Cunnane MB,et al.Does 3-T fetal MRI induce adverse acoustic effects in the neonate?A preliminary study comparing postnatal auditory test performance of fetuses scanned at 1.5 and 3 T.Pediatr Radiol,2019,49(1):37-45.
[42]Gerhardt KJ,Abrams RM,Kovaz BM,et al.Intrauterine noise levels produced in pregnant ewes by sound applied to the abdomen.Am JObstetr Gynecol,1988,159(1):228-232.
[43]Wang HW,Wu B,Liu J,et al.Influence of the 3.0 T magnetic resonance on the hearing of newborn infants.Chin J Appl Clinl Pediat,2015,30(2):99-101.王华伟,吴冰,刘敬,等.3.0T磁共振对新生儿听力的影响.中华实用儿科临床杂志,2015,30(2):99-101.
[44]Sininger YS,Abdala C.Hearing threshold as measured by auditory brain stem response in human neonates.Ear Hear,1996,17(5):395-401.
[45]Sedat A,Mika V,Wei S,et al.Acoustic noise reduction in MRI using silent scan:an initial experience.Diagn Intervent Radiol,2014,20(4):360-363.
[46]Katsunuma A,Takamori H,Sakakura Y,et al.Quiet MRI with novel acoustic noise reduction.Magn Reson Materials Phys Biol Med,2001,13(3):139-144.
[47]Ravicz ME,Melcher JR.Isolating the auditory system from acoustic noise during functional magnetic resonance imaging:examination of noise conduction through the ear canal,head,and body.J Acoust Societ Am,2001,109(1):216-231.
[48]Nordell A,Lundh M,Horsch S,et al.The acoustic hood:a patientindependent device improving acoustic noise protection during neonatal magnetic resonance imaging.Acta Peadiatr,2009,98(8):1278-1283.
[49]Tkach JA,Li Y,Pratt RG,et al.Characterization of acoustic noise in a neonatal intensive care unit MRI system.Pediatr Radiol,2014,44(8):1011-1019.
[50]Mcjury M,Shellock FG.Auditory noise associated with mr procedures.J Magn Reson Imaging,2000,12(1):37-45.