消解方式对废电器塑料中重金属测定的影响分析
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摘要
针对现有消解方法对废电器塑料存在消解不完全的现象,导致无法准确分析出该类型塑料中的重金属成分及含量,从而对后续研究废电器塑料中重金属的迁移转化造成困难。本文对比不同消解方法对废电器塑料中重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、Sb含量测定的影响,通过设置对照实验,以微波消解和电热板消解及不同酸体系为实验条件,比较了四种前处理方法的测试结果、回收率、精密度和检测限。结果表明:微波消解的密闭性、加热效果均好于电热板消解。当采用微波加热、以HNO_3-HBF_4-H_2O_2为消解酸体系时,废电器塑料的消解效果最好,其回收率为85.64%～109.70%,精密度为0.33%～3.86%。该方法检测限低,且操作简单、用时少。
In view of the incomplete digestion of waste electrical plastics by existing digestion methods,it is impossible to accurately analyze the composition and content of metals in this type of plastics,which makes it difficult to study the migration and transformation of heavy metals in waste electrical plastics in the future.In this paper,the effects of different digestion methods on the determination of heavy metals such as Pb,Cr,Cd and Sb in waste electrical plastics are compared.By setting up comparative experiments,the test results,recovery rate,precision and detection limits of four pretreatment methods are compared under the experimental conditions of microwave digestion,electrothermal plate digestion and different acid systems.The results show that the closeness and heating effect of microwave digestion are better than that of electrothermal plate digestion.When using microwave heating and HNO_3-HBF_4-H_2O_2 as acid digestion system,the waste electrical plastics has the best digestion effect,the recovery rate is 85.64%～109.70%,and the precision is 0.33%～3.86%.This method has low detection limit,simple operation and less time-consuming.
In view of the incomplete digestion of waste electrical plastics by existing digestion methods,it is impossible to accurately analyze the composition and content of metals in this type of plastics,which makes it difficult to study the migration and transformation of heavy metals in waste electrical plastics in the future.In this paper,the effects of different digestion methods on the determination of heavy metals such as Pb,Cr,Cd and Sb in waste electrical plastics are compared.By setting up comparative experiments,the test results,recovery rate,precision and detection limits of four pretreatment methods are compared under the experimental conditions of microwave digestion,electrothermal plate digestion and different acid systems.The results show that the closeness and heating effect of microwave digestion are better than that of electrothermal plate digestion.When using microwave heating and HNO_3-HBF_4-H_2O_2 as acid digestion system,the waste electrical plastics has the best digestion effect,the recovery rate is 85.64%～109.70%,and the precision is 0.33%～3.86%.This method has low detection limit,simple operation and less time-consuming.
引文
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[3]Hermabessiere L,Dehaut A,Paul-pont I,et al.Occurrence and effects of plastic additives on marine environments and organisms:A review[J].Chemosphere,2017,182:781-793.
[4]Powell-Turner J,Antill P D,Fisher R E.The United Kingdom Ministry of Defence and the European Union's electrical and electronic equipment directives[J].Resources Policy,2016,49:422-432.
[5]袁剑文.当下环境保护中电子产品污染防治[J].化工管理,2017(21):151-152.
[6]Singh R,Singh N,Ahuja IPS.Recycling of plastic solid waste for additive manufacturing applications[C].6th International and 27th All India Manufacturing Technology,Design and Research Conference(AIMTDR-2016),2016:27-29.
[7]Enders A,Lehmann J.Comparison of wet-digestion and dry-ashing methods for total elemental analysis of biochar[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2012,43(7):1 042-1 052.
[8]Ramanathan T,Ting Y P.Selection of wet digestion methods for metal quantification in hazardous solid wastes[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2015,3(3):1 459-1 467.
[9]贾会来,尹蓝,王茜,等.微波消解-ICP-MS测定皮革中7种重金属元素[J].分析试验室,2016,35(6):709-712.
[10]B?rno F,Richter S,Deiting D,et al.Direct multi-element analysis of plastic materials via solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2015,30(5):1 064-1 071.
[11]Waheed S,Rahman S,Husnain S M,et al.Hazardous and other element characterization of new and used domestic plastic food containers using INAA and AAS[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2012,292(3):937-945.
[12]Shen J,Liu E,Zhu Y,et al.Distribution and chemical fractionation of heavy metals in recent sediments from Lake Taihu,China[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,581(1):141-150.
[13]江苏省环境监测中心.固体废物22种金属元素的测定电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.塑料及其制品中铅、汞、铬、镉、钡、砷的测定电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[15]吴瑞林,丁曼蓉.微波能加热及其在化学分析中的应用[J].分析试验室,1991(2):51-54.
[16]赵洋.微波消解-ICP-OES法测定人造革合成革中重金属元素的含量[J].塑料科技,2010,38(1):83-86.
[17]王小如,陈登云,李冰.电感耦合等离子体质谱应用实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[18]曹绪龙,祝仰文,韩玉贵,等.聚合物分子结构与老化稳定性关系研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2016(2):58-61.