棉花专用缓控释肥和叶面水溶肥应用效果
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摘要
【目的】研究棉花专用缓控释肥和叶面水溶肥的应用效果。【方法】设置田间小区试验,5个处理,T1:不施肥(CK);T2:常规施肥;T3:常规施肥+叶面水溶肥;T4:棉花专用缓控释肥+叶面水溶肥;T5:棉花专用缓控释肥减量20%+叶面水溶肥,分析不同施肥处理对棉花生育进程、产量构成及产量、经济效益和农学效率的影响。【结果】与常规施肥相比,棉花专用缓控释肥和叶面水溶肥处理生育期没有明显变化,株高有所降低,果枝台数明显增加;棉花专用缓控释肥、叶面水溶肥处理提高了棉花铃数、单铃重而增产;籽棉收入、收益和农学效率均以棉花专用缓控释肥+叶面水溶肥处理最高。【结论】专用缓控释肥和叶面水溶肥配施适合推广应用,是一种省工、增收、增效的施肥模式。
【Objective】 To study the application of cotton special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer in Pishan County, Xinjiang. 【Method】 5 treatments were set up in field experiments: T1: no fertilizer(CK); T2: conventional fertilization; T3: conventional fertilization + water soluble fertilizer; T4: cotton special controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer; T5: a 20% decrease of cotton controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer. After this, the effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton growth, yield components and yield, economic benefits and agronomic efficiency were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with conventional fertilization, the growth period of cotton treated with special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer had no obvious change, the plant height decreased, and the number of branches increased significantly. Cotton special controlled-release fertilization and water soluble fertilizer treatments increased the number of bolls and the boll weight, also the yield was increased. The income and agronomic efficiency of cotton controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer treatments were the highest among these treatments. 【Conclusion】 The application of cotton special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer are suitable for local popularization in local area. It is a kind of fertilization mode of saving labor, increasing income and increasing efficiency.
【Objective】 To study the application of cotton special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer in Pishan County, Xinjiang. 【Method】 5 treatments were set up in field experiments: T1: no fertilizer(CK); T2: conventional fertilization; T3: conventional fertilization + water soluble fertilizer; T4: cotton special controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer; T5: a 20% decrease of cotton controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer. After this, the effects of different fertilization treatments on cotton growth, yield components and yield, economic benefits and agronomic efficiency were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with conventional fertilization, the growth period of cotton treated with special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer had no obvious change, the plant height decreased, and the number of branches increased significantly. Cotton special controlled-release fertilization and water soluble fertilizer treatments increased the number of bolls and the boll weight, also the yield was increased. The income and agronomic efficiency of cotton controlled-release fertilizer + water soluble fertilizer treatments were the highest among these treatments. 【Conclusion】 The application of cotton special controlled-release fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer are suitable for local popularization in local area. It is a kind of fertilization mode of saving labor, increasing income and increasing efficiency.
引文
[1]张鹏忠,王新江,托乎提.新疆棉花产业发展现状、存在问题及对策建议[J].新疆农业科学,2008,45(S2):174-176.ZHANG Peng-zhong,WANG Xin-jiang,Tuohuti.(2008).Problems and Countermeasures of Cotton production Development in Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,45(S2):174-176.(in Chinese)
[2] 陈署晃,张炎,刘俊,等.新疆棉花施肥现状、问题与对策[J].新疆农业科学,2008,45(1):147-150.CHEN Shu-huang,ZHANG Yan,LIU Jun,et al.(2008).Present Situation,Problems and Countermeasure of Applying Fertilizer to Cotton in Xinjiang [J].Agricultural Sciences,45(1):147-150.(in Chinese)
[3] 贵会平,宋美珍,李健,等.缓/控释肥发展现状及在棉花上的应用前景[J].中国棉花,2016,43(8):16-20.GUI Hui-ping,SONG Mei-zhen,LI Jian,et al.(2016).Present Situation of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer and Prospect of Its Application in Cotton [J].China Cotton,43(8):16-20.(in Chinese)
[4] 徐道青,郑曙峰,王维,等.棉花专用缓控释复合肥在安徽的应用效果研究[J].中国棉花,2011,38(9):21-23.XU Dao-qing,ZHENG Shu-feng,WANG Wei,et al.(2011).Effect of the Cotton-specific Controlled Release Fertilizer Applications in Anhui [J].China Cotton,38(9):21-23.(in Chinese)
[5] 李永旗,李鹏程,刘爱忠,等.棉花叶面施肥研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):15-19.LI Yong-qi,LI Peng-cheng,LIU Ai-zhong ,et al.(2014).Research Progress on Foliar Fertilizer of Cotton [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(3):15-19.(in Chinese)
[6] 陈敏,屈磊,郑曙峰,等.缓释氮肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2015,42(2):23-26.CHEN Min,QU Lei,ZHENG Shu-feng,et al.(2015).Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Growth,Development and Yield of Cotton [J].China Cotton,42(2):23-26.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘全凤,刘永震,曹金锋,等.控释氮肥用量对环渤海潮土区棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2018,30(2):275-279.LIU Quan-feng,LIU Yong-zhen,CAO Jin-feng,et al.(2018).Effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton in fluvo-aquic soil of Bohai Sea Ring Area [J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,30(2):275-279.(in Chinese)
[8] 耿计彪,张民,李成亮,等.控释氮肥对盆栽棉花产量及土壤养分状况的影响[J].棉花学报,2015,27(5):401-407.GENG Ji-biao,ZHANG Min,LI Cheng-liang,et al.(2015).Effects of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Yield and Soil Nutrient Regime of Potted Cotton [J].Cotton Science,27(5):401-407.(in Chinese)
[9] 李成亮,黄波,孙强生,等.控释肥用量对棉花生长特性和土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):295-305.LI Cheng-liang,HUANG Bo,SUN Qiang-sheng,et al.(2014).Effects of Application Rates of Controlled release Fertilizers on Cotton Growth and Soil Fertility [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,51(2):295-305.(in Chinese)
[10] 马腾飞,李青军,张炎,等.控失尿素施用量及不同配比对棉花产量与氮肥利用的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(5):813-820.MA Teng-fei,LI Qing-jun,ZHANG Yan,et al.(2018).Effects of Application Amount and Different Proportion of Loss-Control Urea on Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,55(5):813-820.(in Chinese)
[11] 赵中亭,许向阳,张志恒,等.几种生物叶面肥喷施对棉花生长发育和产量的影响[J].棉花科学,2018,40(3):18-23.ZHAO Zhong-ting,XU Xiang-yang,ZHANG Zhi-heng,et al.(2018).Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Cotton [J].Cotton Sciences,40(3):18-23.(in Chinese)
[12] 夏绍南,张丽娟,张允昔,等."新壮态"3种配方叶面肥在赣北棉花上应用效果[J].中国棉花,2017,44(7):18-21.XIA Shao-nan,ZHANG Li-juan,ZHANG Yun-xi,et al.(2017).Application Effect of Three Kinds of Recipes of "New Strong State" Foliar Fertilizers on Cotton in North of Jiangxi Province [J].China Cotton,44(7):18-21.(in Chinese)
[13] 李鹏程,刘爱忠,刘敬然,等.内蒙古膜下滴灌棉花叶面肥施用效果[J].中国棉花,2016,43(7):24-26.LI Peng-cheng,LIU Ai-zhong,LIU Jing-ran,et al.(2016).Effects of Foliar Fertilizer Application on Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton under Drip Irrigation with Mulch in Inner Mongolian,China [J].China Cotton,43(7):24-26.(in Chinese)
[14] 王炜,徐斌,刘永江,等.棉花叶面肥研究初报[J].新疆农业科学,1999,36(3):15-17.WANG Wei,XU Bin,LIU Yong-jiang,et al.(1999).Preliminary Study on Cotton Foliar Fertilizer [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,36(3):15-17.(in Chinese)
[15] 朱亚,赵永平,郑仕伟,等.缓释肥与叶面肥配施对烟草生长发育和光合特性的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(6):67-70.ZHU Ya,ZHAO Yong-ping,ZHENG Shi-wei,et al.(2018).Effects of Combined Application of Slow-release Fertilizer and Foliage Fertilizer on Growth,Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tobacco Plants [J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,30(6):67-70.(in Chinese)
[16] 陈绍荣,孙玲丽.腐植酸叶面肥与缓释肥结合的优化营养套餐施肥技术[J].磷肥与复肥,2010,25(6):74-75.CHEN Shao-rong,SUN Ling-li.(2010).The Optimal Nutrient Formula Fertilization Technology by Combination of Humic Acid Foliage Spray with Slow-release Fertilizer [J].Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer,25(6):74-75.(in Chinese)
[17] 白珊珊,万书勤,康跃虎,等.不同控失肥对冬小麦产量和肥料农学效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):149-155.BAI Shan-shan,WAN Shu-qin,KANG Yue-hu,et al.(2017).Effect of Different Loss-control Fertilizers on Winter Wheat Yield and Agronomic Nutrient Efficiency [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,32(1):149-155.(in Chinese)
[18] 郭德清.棉花专用缓释肥的制备及其应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学硕士论文,2008.GUO De-qing.(2008).Study on the Preparation and Application of the Slow Release Fertilizer Special for Cotton [D].Master Dissertation.Hefei University of Technology,Hefei.(in Chinese)
[2] 陈署晃,张炎,刘俊,等.新疆棉花施肥现状、问题与对策[J].新疆农业科学,2008,45(1):147-150.CHEN Shu-huang,ZHANG Yan,LIU Jun,et al.(2008).Present Situation,Problems and Countermeasure of Applying Fertilizer to Cotton in Xinjiang [J].Agricultural Sciences,45(1):147-150.(in Chinese)
[3] 贵会平,宋美珍,李健,等.缓/控释肥发展现状及在棉花上的应用前景[J].中国棉花,2016,43(8):16-20.GUI Hui-ping,SONG Mei-zhen,LI Jian,et al.(2016).Present Situation of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer and Prospect of Its Application in Cotton [J].China Cotton,43(8):16-20.(in Chinese)
[4] 徐道青,郑曙峰,王维,等.棉花专用缓控释复合肥在安徽的应用效果研究[J].中国棉花,2011,38(9):21-23.XU Dao-qing,ZHENG Shu-feng,WANG Wei,et al.(2011).Effect of the Cotton-specific Controlled Release Fertilizer Applications in Anhui [J].China Cotton,38(9):21-23.(in Chinese)
[5] 李永旗,李鹏程,刘爱忠,等.棉花叶面施肥研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):15-19.LI Yong-qi,LI Peng-cheng,LIU Ai-zhong ,et al.(2014).Research Progress on Foliar Fertilizer of Cotton [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(3):15-19.(in Chinese)
[6] 陈敏,屈磊,郑曙峰,等.缓释氮肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国棉花,2015,42(2):23-26.CHEN Min,QU Lei,ZHENG Shu-feng,et al.(2015).Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Growth,Development and Yield of Cotton [J].China Cotton,42(2):23-26.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘全凤,刘永震,曹金锋,等.控释氮肥用量对环渤海潮土区棉花产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2018,30(2):275-279.LIU Quan-feng,LIU Yong-zhen,CAO Jin-feng,et al.(2018).Effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton in fluvo-aquic soil of Bohai Sea Ring Area [J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,30(2):275-279.(in Chinese)
[8] 耿计彪,张民,李成亮,等.控释氮肥对盆栽棉花产量及土壤养分状况的影响[J].棉花学报,2015,27(5):401-407.GENG Ji-biao,ZHANG Min,LI Cheng-liang,et al.(2015).Effects of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Yield and Soil Nutrient Regime of Potted Cotton [J].Cotton Science,27(5):401-407.(in Chinese)
[9] 李成亮,黄波,孙强生,等.控释肥用量对棉花生长特性和土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):295-305.LI Cheng-liang,HUANG Bo,SUN Qiang-sheng,et al.(2014).Effects of Application Rates of Controlled release Fertilizers on Cotton Growth and Soil Fertility [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,51(2):295-305.(in Chinese)
[10] 马腾飞,李青军,张炎,等.控失尿素施用量及不同配比对棉花产量与氮肥利用的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(5):813-820.MA Teng-fei,LI Qing-jun,ZHANG Yan,et al.(2018).Effects of Application Amount and Different Proportion of Loss-Control Urea on Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,55(5):813-820.(in Chinese)
[11] 赵中亭,许向阳,张志恒,等.几种生物叶面肥喷施对棉花生长发育和产量的影响[J].棉花科学,2018,40(3):18-23.ZHAO Zhong-ting,XU Xiang-yang,ZHANG Zhi-heng,et al.(2018).Effects of Spraying Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Cotton [J].Cotton Sciences,40(3):18-23.(in Chinese)
[12] 夏绍南,张丽娟,张允昔,等."新壮态"3种配方叶面肥在赣北棉花上应用效果[J].中国棉花,2017,44(7):18-21.XIA Shao-nan,ZHANG Li-juan,ZHANG Yun-xi,et al.(2017).Application Effect of Three Kinds of Recipes of "New Strong State" Foliar Fertilizers on Cotton in North of Jiangxi Province [J].China Cotton,44(7):18-21.(in Chinese)
[13] 李鹏程,刘爱忠,刘敬然,等.内蒙古膜下滴灌棉花叶面肥施用效果[J].中国棉花,2016,43(7):24-26.LI Peng-cheng,LIU Ai-zhong,LIU Jing-ran,et al.(2016).Effects of Foliar Fertilizer Application on Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton under Drip Irrigation with Mulch in Inner Mongolian,China [J].China Cotton,43(7):24-26.(in Chinese)
[14] 王炜,徐斌,刘永江,等.棉花叶面肥研究初报[J].新疆农业科学,1999,36(3):15-17.WANG Wei,XU Bin,LIU Yong-jiang,et al.(1999).Preliminary Study on Cotton Foliar Fertilizer [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,36(3):15-17.(in Chinese)
[15] 朱亚,赵永平,郑仕伟,等.缓释肥与叶面肥配施对烟草生长发育和光合特性的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(6):67-70.ZHU Ya,ZHAO Yong-ping,ZHENG Shi-wei,et al.(2018).Effects of Combined Application of Slow-release Fertilizer and Foliage Fertilizer on Growth,Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tobacco Plants [J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,30(6):67-70.(in Chinese)
[16] 陈绍荣,孙玲丽.腐植酸叶面肥与缓释肥结合的优化营养套餐施肥技术[J].磷肥与复肥,2010,25(6):74-75.CHEN Shao-rong,SUN Ling-li.(2010).The Optimal Nutrient Formula Fertilization Technology by Combination of Humic Acid Foliage Spray with Slow-release Fertilizer [J].Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer,25(6):74-75.(in Chinese)
[17] 白珊珊,万书勤,康跃虎,等.不同控失肥对冬小麦产量和肥料农学效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):149-155.BAI Shan-shan,WAN Shu-qin,KANG Yue-hu,et al.(2017).Effect of Different Loss-control Fertilizers on Winter Wheat Yield and Agronomic Nutrient Efficiency [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,32(1):149-155.(in Chinese)
[18] 郭德清.棉花专用缓释肥的制备及其应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学硕士论文,2008.GUO De-qing.(2008).Study on the Preparation and Application of the Slow Release Fertilizer Special for Cotton [D].Master Dissertation.Hefei University of Technology,Hefei.(in Chinese)
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