论棉花轻简化栽培
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摘要
论述了棉花轻简化栽培的主要技术内容,对其发展作了展望。棉花轻简化栽培是指简化管理工序、减少作业次数,良种良法配套、农机农艺融合,实现棉花生产轻便简捷、节本增效、可持续发展的栽培管理措施和方法,是我国棉花科技工作者立足中国国情,通过对传统植棉技术创新改造而创建的新型栽培技术体系,是我国棉花生产由传统劳动密集型向轻简节本快乐型转变的重要支撑技术。棉花轻简化栽培技术体系主要包括单粒精播壮苗技术、简化整枝或免整枝技术、一次性施肥技术或水肥协同管理技术以及优化成铃集中收获等关键技术。展望未来,应在深入研究轻简化植棉生理生态学机理的基础上,进一步优化种植模式,创新完善关键栽培技术,研制新型物质装备,促进农艺技术和物质装备高度融合,为轻简化植棉提供更加有力的理论和技术支撑,推动棉花生产健康可持续发展。
The main contents of light and simplified cultivation(LSC) of cotton are discussed, and the LSC development is prospected in the paper. Light and simplified cultivation of cotton refers to the simplification and minimization of field management and operations, as well as the integration of agronomic technologies and agricultural machinery or good cotton variety to reduce production costs and labor intensity during cotton farming and cultivation, and to realize sustainable production. LSC is an important supporting technology for China's cotton production from the traditional labor intensive to the light and cost-saving, which is fully based on the national conditions of China. The new cultivation technology system was established after the innovation and transformation of traditional cotton cultivation technology. The LSC technology system mainly includes precision mono-seeding, simplified pruning or non-pruning technique, one-time fertilization technology or fertigation management technology, and optimization of boll setting through regulation of fruiting distribution and grouped harvesting technology. From the perspective of the future, we should further optimize the planting pattern, improve the key cultivation techniques of LSC, develop new material and equipment, promote the high fusion of agronomic technology and material equipment, and provide more powerful theoretical and technical support for LSC. Improved LSC will play more important roles in supporting the sustainable development of cotton production in China.
The main contents of light and simplified cultivation(LSC) of cotton are discussed, and the LSC development is prospected in the paper. Light and simplified cultivation of cotton refers to the simplification and minimization of field management and operations, as well as the integration of agronomic technologies and agricultural machinery or good cotton variety to reduce production costs and labor intensity during cotton farming and cultivation, and to realize sustainable production. LSC is an important supporting technology for China's cotton production from the traditional labor intensive to the light and cost-saving, which is fully based on the national conditions of China. The new cultivation technology system was established after the innovation and transformation of traditional cotton cultivation technology. The LSC technology system mainly includes precision mono-seeding, simplified pruning or non-pruning technique, one-time fertilization technology or fertigation management technology, and optimization of boll setting through regulation of fruiting distribution and grouped harvesting technology. From the perspective of the future, we should further optimize the planting pattern, improve the key cultivation techniques of LSC, develop new material and equipment, promote the high fusion of agronomic technology and material equipment, and provide more powerful theoretical and technical support for LSC. Improved LSC will play more important roles in supporting the sustainable development of cotton production in China.
引文
[1]董合忠,杨国正,田立文,等.棉花轻简化栽培[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Dong Hezhong,Yang Guozheng,Tian Liwen,et al.Light and simplified cultivation of cotton[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
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[3]董建军,代建龙,李霞,等.黄河流域棉花轻简化栽培技术评述[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(22):4290-4298.https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.22.005Dong Jianjun,Dai Jianlong,Li Xia,et al.Review of light and simplified cotton cultivation technology in the Yellow River valley[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(22):4290-4298.
[4]董合忠.棉花轻简栽培的若干技术问题分析[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(4):115-117.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2013.04.035Dong Hezhong.Analysis on some technical problems in light and simplified cultivation of cotton[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2013,45(4):115-117.
[5]董合忠.棉花重要生物学特性及其在丰产简化栽培中的应用[J].中国棉花,2013,40(9):1-4.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-632X.2013.09.001Dong Hezhong.Major biological characteristics of cotton and their application on extensive high-yielding cultivation[J].China Cotton,2013,40(9):1-4.
[6]白岩,毛树春,田立文,等.新疆棉花高产简化栽培技术评述与展望[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(1):38-50.https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.01.004Bai Yan,Mao Shuchun,Tian Liwen,et al.Advances and prospects of high-yielding and simplified cotton cultivation technology in Xinjiang cotton-growing area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(1):38-50.
[7]李亚兵,韩迎春,冯璐,等.我国棉花轻简化栽培关键技术研究进展[J].棉花学报,2017,29(增刊):80-88.https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.lyblyb.20170825Li Yabing,Han Yingchun,Feng Lu,et al.Advances of light and simplified cultivation technologies in China[J].Cotton Science,2017,29(Suppl):80-88.
[8]董合忠,杨国正,李亚兵,等.棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):631-639.https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00631Dong Hezhong,Yang Guozheng,Li Yabing,et al.Key technologies for light and simplified cultivation of cotton and their eco-physiological mechanisms[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(5):631-639.
[9]Kong X Q,Li X,Li Z H,et al.Monoseeding improves stand establishment through regulation of apical hook formation and hypocotyl elongation in cotton[J].Field Crops Research,2018,222:50-58.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.03.014
[10]代建龙,李振怀,罗振,等.精量播种减免间定苗对棉花产量和产量构成因素的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):2040-2045.https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02040Dai Jianlong,Li Zhenhuai,Luo Zhen,et al.Effects of precision seeding without thinning process on yield and yield components of cotton[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(11):2040-2045.
[11]Dai J L,Li W J,Zhang D M,et al.Competitive yield and economic benefits of cotton achieved through a combination of extensive pruning and a reduced nitrogen rate at high plant density[J].Field Crops Research,2017,209:65-72.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.010
[12]Yang G Z,Chu K Y,Tang H Y,et al.Fertilizer15N accumulation,recovery and distribution in cotton plant as affected by Nrate and split[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(6):999-1007.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60477-3
[13]Zhang D M,Luo Z,Liu S H,et al.Effects of deficit irrigation and plant density on the growth,yield and fiber quality of irrigated cotton[J].Field Crops Research,2016,197:1-9.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.003
[14]Luo Z,Kong X Q,Dong H Z.Physiological and molecular mechanisms of the improved root hydraulic conductance under partial root-zone irrigation in cotton[C]//Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-6.Goiania,Brazil:International Cotton Researchers Association,2016:75.
[15]辛承松,杨晓东,罗振,等.黄河流域棉区棉花肥水协同管理技术及其应用[J].中国棉花,2016,43(3):31-32.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1000-632X.201603012Xin Chengsong,Yang Xiaodong,Luo Zhen,et al.Cooperation of water and fertilizer on cotton and its application in Yellow River planting areas[J].China Cotton,2016,43(3):31-32.
[16]董合忠,张艳军,张冬梅,等.基于集中收获的棉花新型群体结构[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(24):4615-4624.https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.24.003Dong Hezhong,Zhang Yanjun,Zhang Dongmei,et al.New grouped harvesting based population structures of cotton[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(24):4615-4624.
[17]Feng L,Dai J L,Tian L W,et al.Review of the technology for high-yielding and efficient cotton cultivation in the northwest inland cotton-growing region of China[J].Field Crops Research,2017,208:18-26.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.008
[18]Dai J L,Luo Z,Li W J,et al.A simplified pruning method for profitable cotton production in the Yellow River valley of China[J].Field Crops Research,2014,164:22-29.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.05.010
[19]董合忠.棉蒜两熟制棉花轻简化生产的途径---短季棉蒜后直播[J].中国棉花,2016,43(1):8-9.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1000-632X.201601003Dong Hezhong.A new alternative of extensive farming under garlic-cotton double cropping,direct seeding of short-season cotton after garlic[J].China Cotton,2016,43(1):8-9.
[20]Lu H Q,Dai J L,Li W J,et al.Yield and economic benefits of late planted short-season cotton versus full-season cotton relayed with garlic[J].Field Crops Research,2017,200:80-87.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.006
[2]董合忠,李维江,张旺锋,等.轻简化植棉[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2018.Dong Hezhong,Li Weijiang,Zhang Wangfeng,et al.Light and simplified cotton planting[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2018.
[3]董建军,代建龙,李霞,等.黄河流域棉花轻简化栽培技术评述[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(22):4290-4298.https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.22.005Dong Jianjun,Dai Jianlong,Li Xia,et al.Review of light and simplified cotton cultivation technology in the Yellow River valley[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(22):4290-4298.
[4]董合忠.棉花轻简栽培的若干技术问题分析[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(4):115-117.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2013.04.035Dong Hezhong.Analysis on some technical problems in light and simplified cultivation of cotton[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2013,45(4):115-117.
[5]董合忠.棉花重要生物学特性及其在丰产简化栽培中的应用[J].中国棉花,2013,40(9):1-4.https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-632X.2013.09.001Dong Hezhong.Major biological characteristics of cotton and their application on extensive high-yielding cultivation[J].China Cotton,2013,40(9):1-4.
[6]白岩,毛树春,田立文,等.新疆棉花高产简化栽培技术评述与展望[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(1):38-50.https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.01.004Bai Yan,Mao Shuchun,Tian Liwen,et al.Advances and prospects of high-yielding and simplified cotton cultivation technology in Xinjiang cotton-growing area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(1):38-50.
[7]李亚兵,韩迎春,冯璐,等.我国棉花轻简化栽培关键技术研究进展[J].棉花学报,2017,29(增刊):80-88.https://doi.org/10.11963/1002-7807.lyblyb.20170825Li Yabing,Han Yingchun,Feng Lu,et al.Advances of light and simplified cultivation technologies in China[J].Cotton Science,2017,29(Suppl):80-88.
[8]董合忠,杨国正,李亚兵,等.棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):631-639.https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00631Dong Hezhong,Yang Guozheng,Li Yabing,et al.Key technologies for light and simplified cultivation of cotton and their eco-physiological mechanisms[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(5):631-639.
[9]Kong X Q,Li X,Li Z H,et al.Monoseeding improves stand establishment through regulation of apical hook formation and hypocotyl elongation in cotton[J].Field Crops Research,2018,222:50-58.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2018.03.014
[10]代建龙,李振怀,罗振,等.精量播种减免间定苗对棉花产量和产量构成因素的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(11):2040-2045.https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02040Dai Jianlong,Li Zhenhuai,Luo Zhen,et al.Effects of precision seeding without thinning process on yield and yield components of cotton[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2014,40(11):2040-2045.
[11]Dai J L,Li W J,Zhang D M,et al.Competitive yield and economic benefits of cotton achieved through a combination of extensive pruning and a reduced nitrogen rate at high plant density[J].Field Crops Research,2017,209:65-72.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.04.010
[12]Yang G Z,Chu K Y,Tang H Y,et al.Fertilizer15N accumulation,recovery and distribution in cotton plant as affected by Nrate and split[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(6):999-1007.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60477-3
[13]Zhang D M,Luo Z,Liu S H,et al.Effects of deficit irrigation and plant density on the growth,yield and fiber quality of irrigated cotton[J].Field Crops Research,2016,197:1-9.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.003
[14]Luo Z,Kong X Q,Dong H Z.Physiological and molecular mechanisms of the improved root hydraulic conductance under partial root-zone irrigation in cotton[C]//Proceedings of World Cotton Research Conference-6.Goiania,Brazil:International Cotton Researchers Association,2016:75.
[15]辛承松,杨晓东,罗振,等.黄河流域棉区棉花肥水协同管理技术及其应用[J].中国棉花,2016,43(3):31-32.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1000-632X.201603012Xin Chengsong,Yang Xiaodong,Luo Zhen,et al.Cooperation of water and fertilizer on cotton and its application in Yellow River planting areas[J].China Cotton,2016,43(3):31-32.
[16]董合忠,张艳军,张冬梅,等.基于集中收获的棉花新型群体结构[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(24):4615-4624.https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.24.003Dong Hezhong,Zhang Yanjun,Zhang Dongmei,et al.New grouped harvesting based population structures of cotton[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(24):4615-4624.
[17]Feng L,Dai J L,Tian L W,et al.Review of the technology for high-yielding and efficient cotton cultivation in the northwest inland cotton-growing region of China[J].Field Crops Research,2017,208:18-26.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.008
[18]Dai J L,Luo Z,Li W J,et al.A simplified pruning method for profitable cotton production in the Yellow River valley of China[J].Field Crops Research,2014,164:22-29.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.05.010
[19]董合忠.棉蒜两熟制棉花轻简化生产的途径---短季棉蒜后直播[J].中国棉花,2016,43(1):8-9.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1000-632X.201601003Dong Hezhong.A new alternative of extensive farming under garlic-cotton double cropping,direct seeding of short-season cotton after garlic[J].China Cotton,2016,43(1):8-9.
[20]Lu H Q,Dai J L,Li W J,et al.Yield and economic benefits of late planted short-season cotton versus full-season cotton relayed with garlic[J].Field Crops Research,2017,200:80-87.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.006
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