圈养大熊猫“妙音”初次发情及假孕的行为研究
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摘要
选取大熊猫"妙音"发情期及假孕期各6 d,应用瞬间扫描取样法和目标取样法对大熊猫"妙音"的行为进行了研究。大熊猫"妙音"在发情期间的采食行为、活动行为和休息行为均为3种主要行为,且休息行为的时间分配明显要少于正常时期;活动行为明显要多于正常时期,假孕期采食行为和活动行为的时间分配要少于正常时期的采食行为和活动行为,而休息行为则要多于正常时期。发情期和假孕期相比,活动行为和休息行为在时间分配上差异性极其显著。发情期活动行为较多,休息行为较少;假孕期活动行为较少,休息行为较多。通过行为的变化来预判大熊猫是否发情与假孕,进而做下一步的诊断以及修改饲养管理方案,确保大熊猫的健康。
We studied the behavior of Miaoyin,a captive female giant panda,for six days during estrus and six days during false pregnancy. Our study methods were instantaneous scanning sampling and target sampling. During estrus,feeding,activity,and rest of Miaoyin were the three main behaviors. The amount of time devoted to resting was less than during non-estrus( normal)periods. Periods of activity were longer during pseudo-pregnancy than during normal periods. Durations of feeding and activity were less during pseudo-pregnancy than during normal periods.More time was spent resting during pseudo-pregnancy than during normal periods. Durations of activity and resting during estrus differed from those during false pregnancy. During estrus there was more activity and less resting than during pseudo-pregnancy. During pseudo-pregnancy there was more activity and more resting than during estrus. By quantifying changes in behavior patterns,estrus and false pregnancy of giant panda can be predicted. We also assessed the zoo approach to feeding giant panda and we offer recommendations for changes to better protect the health of captive giant pandas.
We studied the behavior of Miaoyin,a captive female giant panda,for six days during estrus and six days during false pregnancy. Our study methods were instantaneous scanning sampling and target sampling. During estrus,feeding,activity,and rest of Miaoyin were the three main behaviors. The amount of time devoted to resting was less than during non-estrus( normal)periods. Periods of activity were longer during pseudo-pregnancy than during normal periods. Durations of feeding and activity were less during pseudo-pregnancy than during normal periods.More time was spent resting during pseudo-pregnancy than during normal periods. Durations of activity and resting during estrus differed from those during false pregnancy. During estrus there was more activity and less resting than during pseudo-pregnancy. During pseudo-pregnancy there was more activity and more resting than during estrus. By quantifying changes in behavior patterns,estrus and false pregnancy of giant panda can be predicted. We also assessed the zoo approach to feeding giant panda and we offer recommendations for changes to better protect the health of captive giant pandas.
引文
[1]张和民,李德生,王鹏彦.大熊猫人工饲养技术规程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:1-3;115.
[2]陈超,杨志松,潘载扬,等.圈养大熊猫发情期间行为变化和活动节律研究[J].四川动物,2015,34(2):161-168.
[3]邱贤猛.雌性大熊猫在发情期间生殖器官的变化[J].野生动物,1987,8(3):20-23.
[4]赵鹏鹏,张强,赵卫平,等.一例未成年大熊猫假孕[J].动物医学进展,2008,29(增刊1):71-72.
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[7]刘定震,房继明,孙儒泳,等.大熊猫个体不同性活跃能力的行为比较[J].动物学报,1998,44(1):27-34.
[8]潘载扬,向左甫,陈超,等.圈养大熊猫妊娠期行为变化及活动节律研究[J].四川动物,2015,34(6):817-823.
[9]朱靖,孟智斌.大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)发情期叫声及其行为意义[J].动物学报,1987,33(3):285-292.
[10]黄祥明,余建秋,刘选珍,等.大熊猫妊娠及产仔行为观察[J].四川动物,1999,18(4):179-181.
[11]彭世媛,李复东,叶志勇,等.雌性大熊猫发情期与妊娠期尿液性激素的变化[J].动物学杂志,1993,28(2)25-28;59.
[12]黄祥明,张志和,余建秋,等.圈养大熊猫受配后的行为研究[J].兽类学报,2005,25(2):131-137.
[2]陈超,杨志松,潘载扬,等.圈养大熊猫发情期间行为变化和活动节律研究[J].四川动物,2015,34(2):161-168.
[3]邱贤猛.雌性大熊猫在发情期间生殖器官的变化[J].野生动物,1987,8(3):20-23.
[4]赵鹏鹏,张强,赵卫平,等.一例未成年大熊猫假孕[J].动物医学进展,2008,29(增刊1):71-72.
[5]VERBEEK N A M.Daily and annual time budget of the yellow-billed magpie[J].The Auk,1972,89(3):576-582.
[6]RENFREE M B,SHAW G.Diapause[J].Annual Review of Physiology,2000,62(1):353-375.
[7]刘定震,房继明,孙儒泳,等.大熊猫个体不同性活跃能力的行为比较[J].动物学报,1998,44(1):27-34.
[8]潘载扬,向左甫,陈超,等.圈养大熊猫妊娠期行为变化及活动节律研究[J].四川动物,2015,34(6):817-823.
[9]朱靖,孟智斌.大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)发情期叫声及其行为意义[J].动物学报,1987,33(3):285-292.
[10]黄祥明,余建秋,刘选珍,等.大熊猫妊娠及产仔行为观察[J].四川动物,1999,18(4):179-181.
[11]彭世媛,李复东,叶志勇,等.雌性大熊猫发情期与妊娠期尿液性激素的变化[J].动物学杂志,1993,28(2)25-28;59.
[12]黄祥明,张志和,余建秋,等.圈养大熊猫受配后的行为研究[J].兽类学报,2005,25(2):131-137.