杭州湾潮汐特征时空变化及原因分析
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摘要
杭州湾是世界著名的强潮河口湾,一直是研究的热点。基于杭州湾口内外实测潮汐资料,对杭州湾潮汐特征及时空变化进行了系统分析,包括高潮位、低潮位、平均潮位、潮差、涨潮历时以及天文潮变化,同时分析了20世纪80年代以来潮汐特征变化的原因。结果表明:最近50年来,杭州湾年平均高潮位和海平面抬高,潮差增大;澉浦年平均低潮位抬高,涨潮历时缩短,浅海分潮增大;钱塘江河口治江缩窄是造成杭州湾潮汐变化的主要因素;浙江和邻近海域的涉海工程可能是造成浙江沿海海平面上升的主要原因之一。
Hangzhou Bay,a world-famous strong tide estuary,is always a hot spot of research. Based on the measured tidal data inside and outside the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, the tidal characteristics and their spatiotemporal variations in Hangzhou Bay were systematically analyzed,including high tide level,low tide level,mean tide level,tidal range,flood tide duration and astronomical tide. At the same time,the reasons for the change of tidal characteristics since 1980 s were analyzed. The results show that the average annual high tide level and sea level have risen,and tidal range has increased in Hangzhou Bay over the last 50 years. At Ganpu,the average annual low tide level has risen,the flood tide duration has been shortened,and the shallow water constituents have increased.The contracted river for regulation in Qiantang Estuary is the main factor causing the tidal change in the Hangzhou Bay. The coastal engineering in Zhejiang and adjacent waters may be one of the main causes of sea level rise along the coasts of Zhejiang Province.
Hangzhou Bay,a world-famous strong tide estuary,is always a hot spot of research. Based on the measured tidal data inside and outside the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, the tidal characteristics and their spatiotemporal variations in Hangzhou Bay were systematically analyzed,including high tide level,low tide level,mean tide level,tidal range,flood tide duration and astronomical tide. At the same time,the reasons for the change of tidal characteristics since 1980 s were analyzed. The results show that the average annual high tide level and sea level have risen,and tidal range has increased in Hangzhou Bay over the last 50 years. At Ganpu,the average annual low tide level has risen,the flood tide duration has been shortened,and the shallow water constituents have increased.The contracted river for regulation in Qiantang Estuary is the main factor causing the tidal change in the Hangzhou Bay. The coastal engineering in Zhejiang and adjacent waters may be one of the main causes of sea level rise along the coasts of Zhejiang Province.
引文
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[20]高志强,刘向阳,宁吉才,等.基于遥感的近30 a中国海岸线和围填海面积变化及成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):140-147.(GAO Zhiqiang,LIU Xiangyang,NING Jicai,et al. Analysis on changes in coastline and reclamation area and its causes based on 30-year satellite data in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(12):140-147.(in Chinese))
[21] SONG Dehai,WANG Xiaohua,ZHU Xueming,et al. Modeling studies of the far-field effects of tidal flat reclamation on tidal dynamics in the East China Seas[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,133:147-160.
[22]张长宽,陈君,林康,等.江苏沿海滩涂围垦空间布局研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(2):206-212.(ZHANG Changkuan,CHEN Jun,LIN Kang,et al. Spatial layout of reclamation of coastal tidal flats in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Hohai University,Natural Sciences,2011,39(2):206-212.(in Chinese))
[2]莫丹锋.上海沿海潮汐变化趋势及其影响研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(6):192-193.(MO Danfeng. Study on variation trend of tidal and its effect in coastal area of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2013,24(6):192-193.(in Chinese))
[3]尤爱菊,韩曾萃,何若英.变化环境下的钱塘江河口潮位特性及其影响因素[J].海洋学研究,2010,28(1):18-25.(YOU Aiju,HAN Zengcui,HE Ruoying. Characteristics and effecting factors of the tidal level in the Qiantangjiang River Estuary under changing environment[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences,2010,28(1):18-25.(in Chinese))
[4] WANG Qiushun,PAN Cunhong,ZHANG Guangzhi. Impact of and adaptation strategies for sea-level rise on Yangtze River Delta[J]. Advances in Climate Change Research,2018,9(2018):154-160.
[5] YU Yifa,YU Yuxiu,ZUO Juncheng,et al. Effect of sea level variation upon the tidal characteristic values in the Eastern China Sea[J].China Ocean Engineering,2003,17(3):369-382.
[6]陈美榕,吕忻,肖文军.上海沿海潮汐特征响应海平面上升关系研究[J].海洋预报,2014,31(1):42-48.(CHEN Meirong,LV Xin,XIAO Wenjun. Study on the response of tidal characteristics to MSL rise in Shanghai coastal area[J]. Marine Forecast,2014,31(1):42-48.(in Chinese))
[7]严以新,刘均卫,吴德安,等.长江口综合整治工程前后潮汐特征分析[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(1):100-104.(YAN Yixin,LIU Junwei,WU Dean,et al. Analysis of tidal characteristics before and after construction of regulation projects in Yangtze River estuary[J]. Journal of Hohai University,Natural Sciences,2009,37(1):100-104.(in Chinese))
[8]倪勇强,林洁.河口区治江围涂对杭州湾水动力及海床影响分析[J].海洋工程,2003,21(3):73-77.(NI Yongqiang,LIN Jie. The effects of regulation and reclamation in Qiantang Estuary on Hangzhou Bay[J].The Ocean Engineering,2003,21(3):73-77.(in Chinese))
[9]穆锦斌,黄世昌,娄海峰.河口大规模围海工程对周边水动力环境的影响[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2013,45(1):61-66.(MU Jinbin,HUANG Shichang,LOU Haifeng. Study on hydro-dynamic environment of the large-scale reclamation projects at the estuary[J]. Journal of Sichuan University,Engineering Science Edition,2013,45(1):61-66.(in Chinese))
[10]曹永芳.长江口杭州湾潮汐特性的研究[J].海洋科学,1981(4):6-9.(CAO Yongfang. Study of tidal characteristics in Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay[J]. Marine Sciences,1981(4):6-9.(in Chinese))
[11]余大进,卢祥兴.柯氏力对钱塘江河口潮汐影响的分析[J].水利水运工程学报,1986(1):33-40.(YU Dajin,LU Xiangxing. Analysis of the effect of earth's rotation of the tides in Qiantang Estuary[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering,1986(1):33-40.(in Chinese))
[12]姜景忠.科氏效应对杭州湾南北岸潮差差异影响的讨论[J].东海海洋,1987,5(3):10-14.(JIANG Jinzhong. Discussion on Coriolis effect bring about the difference in the tidal range between two sides of Hangzhou Bay[J]. Donghai Marine Science,1987,5(3):10-14.(in Chinese))
[13]章渭林.杭州湾潮波特性及影响因素的讨论[J].海洋通报,1989,8(1):1-10.(ZHANG Weilin. Discussion on tidal characteristics and influence factors in Hangzhou Bay[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,1989,8(1):1-10.(in Chinese))
[14]曹颖,林炳尧.杭州湾潮汐特性分析[J].浙江水利水电学院学报,2000,12(3):14-16.(CAO Ying,LIN Binyao. Tidal characteristics of Hangzhou Bay[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power,2000,12(3):14-16.(in Chinese))
[15]潘存鸿,韩曾萃.钱塘江河口保护和治理研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2017.(PAN Cunhong,HAN Zengcui.Research on conservation and regulation of Qiantang Estuary[M]. Beijing:China Waterpower Press,2017.(in Chinese))
[16]余炯,曹颖.治江缩窄后钱塘江河口泥沙淤积和成因探讨[J].泥沙研究,2006(1):17-23.(YU Jiong,CAO Ying.Sediment deposition after regulation and reclaiming of Qiantang Estuary[J]. Journal of Sediment Research,2006(1):17-23.(in Chinese))
[17] XIE Dongfeng,PAN Cunhong,WU Xiuguang,et al. Local human activities overwhelm decreased sediment supply from the Changjiang River:continued rapid accumulation in the Hangzhou Bay-Qiantang Estuary system[J]. Marine Geology,2017,392:66-77.
[18]国家海洋局. 2017年中国海平面公报[R].北京:国家海洋局,2017.(State Oceanic Administration,P R China. 2017China sea level bulletin[R]. Beijing:State Oceanic Administration,P R China,2017.(in Chinese))
[19]浙江省海洋与渔业局. 2016年浙江省海洋灾害公报[R].杭州:浙江省海洋与渔业局,2017.(Zhejiang Ocean and Fishery Bureau. 2016 Zhejiang province marine disaster bulletin[R]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang Ocean and Fishery Bureau,2017.(in Chinese))
[20]高志强,刘向阳,宁吉才,等.基于遥感的近30 a中国海岸线和围填海面积变化及成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):140-147.(GAO Zhiqiang,LIU Xiangyang,NING Jicai,et al. Analysis on changes in coastline and reclamation area and its causes based on 30-year satellite data in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(12):140-147.(in Chinese))
[21] SONG Dehai,WANG Xiaohua,ZHU Xueming,et al. Modeling studies of the far-field effects of tidal flat reclamation on tidal dynamics in the East China Seas[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,133:147-160.
[22]张长宽,陈君,林康,等.江苏沿海滩涂围垦空间布局研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2011,39(2):206-212.(ZHANG Changkuan,CHEN Jun,LIN Kang,et al. Spatial layout of reclamation of coastal tidal flats in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Hohai University,Natural Sciences,2011,39(2):206-212.(in Chinese))