外源钙对盐碱土壤花生荚果生长及籽仁品质的影响
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摘要
为探明外源钙对盐碱地花生荚果发育的影响,以花育25号品种为试材,采用盆栽法研究施用外源钙肥CaO对盐碱土花生荚果发育动态、籽仁品质及产量的变化。CaO用量设置0kg/hm~2(Dck)、52.2kg/hm~2(DCa1)、104.55kg/hm~2(DCa2)、156.6kg/hm~2(DCa3)4个水平,并以非盐碱土空白为对照(Lck)。结果表明:盐碱土对花生荚果的生长具有抑制作用,而DCa1、DCa2、DCa3处理均可促进盐碱土花生荚果与籽仁的生长发育,使籽仁膨大时间提前,其中以DCa3处理提高荚果干重、体积和籽仁干重的幅度最大,分别提高24.1%、15.5%和20.36%。施用外源钙降低了盐碱土花生籽仁蛋白质与亚油酸含量,提高了籽仁可溶性糖、脂肪、油酸含量与油酸亚油酸(O/L)比值。此外,外源钙的施用提高了盐碱土花生百果重、百仁重与出仁率从而提高了产量,以DCa3处理产量的增幅最大,达到43%。
In order to explore the effect of exogenous calcium CaO on the development of peanut pods in the saline-alkali soil, Huayu 25 was selected as a test material and potted plant method was used to study the pod development, kernel quality and yield of peanuts in the saline-alkali soil after applying exogenous calcium fertilizer. In this experiment, four levels of CaO treatments in saline-alkali soil have been used, which were 0 kg/hm~2(Dck), 52.2 kg/hm~2(DCa1), 104.55 kg/hm~2(DCa2), 156.6 kg/hm~2(DCa3), and a normal soil treatment(Lck) was also included. The results showed that saline-alkali soil could inhibit the growth of peanut pods, and the application of exogenous calcium could promote the growth and development of peanut pods and kernels in saline-alkali soil and advance the development time of kernels. DCa3 treatment was the best way to increase the dry weight and volume of pods by 24.1% and 15.5%, and the dry weight of kernels by 20.36%. The contents of protein and linoleic acid in peanut kernel in saline-alkali soil were decreased by applying exogenous calcium, and the ratio of soluble sugar, fat and oleic acid to oleic acid(O/L) in peanut kernel was increased. The application of exogenous calcium increased the weight of a hundred peanuts, the weight of hundred groundnut kernels, and ratio of peanuts to kernels in the saline-alkali soil, and the effect of 43% increase was the best when the dosage of DCa3 was 156.6 kg/hm~2.
In order to explore the effect of exogenous calcium CaO on the development of peanut pods in the saline-alkali soil, Huayu 25 was selected as a test material and potted plant method was used to study the pod development, kernel quality and yield of peanuts in the saline-alkali soil after applying exogenous calcium fertilizer. In this experiment, four levels of CaO treatments in saline-alkali soil have been used, which were 0 kg/hm~2(Dck), 52.2 kg/hm~2(DCa1), 104.55 kg/hm~2(DCa2), 156.6 kg/hm~2(DCa3), and a normal soil treatment(Lck) was also included. The results showed that saline-alkali soil could inhibit the growth of peanut pods, and the application of exogenous calcium could promote the growth and development of peanut pods and kernels in saline-alkali soil and advance the development time of kernels. DCa3 treatment was the best way to increase the dry weight and volume of pods by 24.1% and 15.5%, and the dry weight of kernels by 20.36%. The contents of protein and linoleic acid in peanut kernel in saline-alkali soil were decreased by applying exogenous calcium, and the ratio of soluble sugar, fat and oleic acid to oleic acid(O/L) in peanut kernel was increased. The application of exogenous calcium increased the weight of a hundred peanuts, the weight of hundred groundnut kernels, and ratio of peanuts to kernels in the saline-alkali soil, and the effect of 43% increase was the best when the dosage of DCa3 was 156.6 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[27] 李亮.大豆耐盐机制的研究进展[J].农业与技术,2017,37(15):44-47,54.
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[31] 张威,廖锡良,喻德跃,等.大豆耐盐性研究进展[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(3):284-292.
[32] Kazem G G,Minoo T N,Shahin O,et al.Oil and protein accumulation in soybean grains under salinity stress[J].Notulae Scientia Biologicae,2010,2(2).
[33] 龙卫华,胡茂龙,陈松,等.盐地种植对甘蓝型油菜产量和品质性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(3):85-87.
[34] 张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,等.酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,9(11):1 101-1 109.
[35] 顾学花,孙莲强,高波,等.施钙对干旱胁迫下花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1 433-1 439.
[2] 张智猛,戴良香,慈敦伟,等.种植密度和播种方式对盐碱地花生生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1 328-1 338.
[3] 吕晓,徐慧,李丽,等.盐碱地农业可持续利用及其评价[J].土壤,2012,44(2):203-207.
[4] 符方平.花生对盐胁迫的适应性及其耐盐性评价[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[5] 卢星辰,张济世,苗琪,等.不同改良物料及其配施组合对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土的改良效果[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):326-332.
[6] 杜三艳.脱硫石膏改良滨海盐碱土的应用效果及环境风险研究[D].上海:上海应用技术大学,2017.
[7] 王宝增,孙国微.外源钙对小麦幼苗耐盐性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(5):1 070-1 072.
[8] 陈书霞,周静,姜芳,等.外源Ca(NO3)2对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(9):1 867-1 873.
[9] 赵长江,薛盈文,杨克军,等.外源钙对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗不同器官离子含量的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):68-72.
[10] 严蓓.外源钙对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用及根、叶碳水化合物代谢的影响[A].中国园艺学会.中国园艺学会2012年学术年会论文摘要集[C].中国园艺学会,2012.
[11] 张振兴,孙锦,郭世荣,等.钙对盐胁迫下西瓜光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].园艺学报,2011,38(10):1 929-1 938.
[12] 贺海升,王文杰,朱虹,等.盐碱地土壤改良剂施用对种子萌发和生长的影响[J].生态学报,2008(11):5 338-5 346.
[13] 马晨,马履一,刘太祥,等.盐碱地改良利用技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(2):28-32.
[14] 于俊红,彭智平,黄继川,等.水稻土施钙、硼对花生养分吸收及产量品质的影响[J].热带作物学报,2009,30(9):1 261-1 264.
[15] 熊路,曾红远,吴佳宝,等.花生钙素营养研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(12):13-17.
[16] 陈殿绪,张礼凤,陶寿祥,等.花生钙素营养机理研究进展[J].花生科技,1999(3):6-10.
[17] 周卫,林葆.受钙影响的花生生殖生长及种子素质研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(2):205-210.
[18] 张君诚.受钙影响花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)胚胎败育的分子机理研究[D].福建:福建农林大学,2004:5-6.
[19] 党现什,蒋春姬,李憬霖,等.钙肥对花生产量及生理特性的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2018,49(6):717-723.
[20] 周录英,李向东,王丽丽,等.钙肥不同用量对花生生理特性及产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2008(5):879-885.
[21] 王媛媛.钙、硫肥不同用量及配比对花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[22] 崔党群.Logistic曲线方程的解析与拟合优度测验[J].数理统计与管理,2005(1):112-115.
[23] 杨少辉,季静,王罡,等.盐胁迫对植物影响的研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2006(S1):139-142.
[24] 王康君,樊继伟,陈凤,等.植物对盐胁迫的响应及耐盐调控的研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(12):31-40.
[25] 白健慧.燕麦对盐碱胁迫的生理响应机制研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.
[26] 申玉香,李洪山,封功能,等.油菜苗期耐盐性差异与耐盐指标选择[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(24):85-87.
[27] 李亮.大豆耐盐机制的研究进展[J].农业与技术,2017,37(15):44-47,54.
[28] 白嵩,白宝璋,田文勋,等.钙在花生荚果发育中的作用[J].吉林农业大学学报,1995(S1):26-28,31.
[29] 高星.玉米籽粒灌浆特性演变规律研究与遗传基础解析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[30] 卢恩双.小麦籽粒灌浆期的早代选择[J].麦类作物学报,1995(2):11-13.
[31] 张威,廖锡良,喻德跃,等.大豆耐盐性研究进展[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(3):284-292.
[32] Kazem G G,Minoo T N,Shahin O,et al.Oil and protein accumulation in soybean grains under salinity stress[J].Notulae Scientia Biologicae,2010,2(2).
[33] 龙卫华,胡茂龙,陈松,等.盐地种植对甘蓝型油菜产量和品质性状的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(3):85-87.
[34] 张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,等.酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,9(11):1 101-1 109.
[35] 顾学花,孙莲强,高波,等.施钙对干旱胁迫下花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1 433-1 439.