生物通风法修复柴油污染土壤模拟实验研究
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摘要
通过生物通风技术修复不同柴油浓度污染土壤的土柱模拟实验,研究了各土柱中土壤总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)的去除规律,并对影响柴油去除效果的因素进行了分析,结果表明:①经过3个月的生物通风后,初始柴油浓度为5(柱Ⅰ)、10(柱Ⅱ)、20(柱Ⅲ)、40(柱Ⅳ)g/kg的土柱柴油去除率为Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ,柱Ⅱ的修复效果最佳,半衰期为60.05天,TPH最终去除率达65.3%;②挥发和生物降解作用影响土柱中柴油的去除,由于重力引起的向下迁移作用只对柴油在土柱中的空间分布产生影响,三者共同作用决定各土柱不同取样口柴油的去除规律;③在实验过程中,各土柱土壤pH变化不大,初始柴油浓度越高土柱水分损失率越小;有效磷和速效氮含量均有所降低,柱Ⅲ降低率最大,分别为58.27%和31.87%,柱Ⅰ最小;土柱上层土壤中的酶活性要低于下层,过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。实验结果为研究各土柱中柴油的生物降解规律提供了依据。
The bio-venting experiment was investigated in the laboratory using diesel as a model contaminant,performed in columns filled with soils.The removal of TPH and the factors in affecting the efficiency of diesel degradation were studied.The results showed that:1) after three month bio-venting,the removal rate of the four different columns was Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ,the initial diesel concentration was 5 g/kg(ColumnⅠ),10 g/kg(ColumnⅡ),20 g/kg(ColumnⅢ) and 40 g/kg(ColumnⅣ),respectively.The optimal bio-venting velocity was column Ⅱ,whose half life was 60.05 d,the removal rate of TPH was 65.3%.2) The diesel removal in the column was influenced by volatilization and biodegradation.The downward migration impact which caused by the gravity influenced the diesel's distribution on the space in column.The removal rule of diesel columns with different sampling port was decided by the three actions together.3) The change of pH was very little in the process of experiment;the loss of water was less when the initial diesel concentration was higher.Available phosphorus and available nitrogen contents were reduced,but the degrees varied from each other.The reduction rate of column Ⅲ was maximum,they were 58.27% and 31.87% respectively.The columnⅠwas least.The soil enzyme activities in upper soils were less than those in lower soils,the activities of catalase and dehydrogenase increased firstly and then decreased,which provided an important basis for the research of the diesel biodegradation in each column.
The bio-venting experiment was investigated in the laboratory using diesel as a model contaminant,performed in columns filled with soils.The removal of TPH and the factors in affecting the efficiency of diesel degradation were studied.The results showed that:1) after three month bio-venting,the removal rate of the four different columns was Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ,the initial diesel concentration was 5 g/kg(ColumnⅠ),10 g/kg(ColumnⅡ),20 g/kg(ColumnⅢ) and 40 g/kg(ColumnⅣ),respectively.The optimal bio-venting velocity was column Ⅱ,whose half life was 60.05 d,the removal rate of TPH was 65.3%.2) The diesel removal in the column was influenced by volatilization and biodegradation.The downward migration impact which caused by the gravity influenced the diesel's distribution on the space in column.The removal rule of diesel columns with different sampling port was decided by the three actions together.3) The change of pH was very little in the process of experiment;the loss of water was less when the initial diesel concentration was higher.Available phosphorus and available nitrogen contents were reduced,but the degrees varied from each other.The reduction rate of column Ⅲ was maximum,they were 58.27% and 31.87% respectively.The columnⅠwas least.The soil enzyme activities in upper soils were less than those in lower soils,the activities of catalase and dehydrogenase increased firstly and then decreased,which provided an important basis for the research of the diesel biodegradation in each column.
引文
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[13]关菘萌.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:321–333
[14]刘志卿,刘建荣,吴国庆.TTC-脱氢酶活性测定方法的改进[J].微生物学通报,1994,21(1):59–61
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[16]Michael Prince.Bioremediation of petroleum waste from the fefining of lubricant oils[J].Environmental Progress,1993,12(1):5–11
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[19]朱春芳.汽油污染土壤的物理通风实验室模拟研究(硕士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007
[20]童玲,陈伟胜,郑西来,李梅.柴油污染土壤中毛细水上升规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(1):131–134
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[22]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,l986:249–251
[23]崔爱玲.石油降解菌对石油烃的降解作用及应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006
[24]胥九兵,迟建国,邱维忠,王加宁,高永超,张强.微生物菌剂对石油污染土壤的修复研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(6):1 414–1418
[2]何炜.汽油和柴油污染土壤通风修复试验研究(博士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007
[3]焦立娜,赵勇胜,屈智慧,王冰,李博,孙超,穆丹丹,丛馥涵,孙家强.柴油污染包气带的气相抽提影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(7):2 406–2 410
[4]Dupont RR.Fundamentals of Bioventing Applied to Fuel Contaminated Sites[J].Environmental Progress,1993,12(1):45–53
[5]Byun IG,Nam HU,Song SK.Monitoring of bioventing process for diesel-contaminated soil by dehydro-genase activity,microbial counts and the ratio of N-alkane/isoprenoid.Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2005,22(6):917–921
[6]Lee MD,Swindoll CM.Bioventing for in Situ Remediation[J].Hydrological Science,1993,38(4):273–282
[7]王春艳.强化生物通风修复柴油污染土壤的正交试验(硕士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009
[8]杨金凤.生物通风修复柴油污染土壤实验及柴油降解菌的降解性能研究(博士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009
[9]杨金凤,陈鸿汉,王春艳,杨正礼.生物通风技术修复柴油污染土壤的土柱模拟实验[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(2):653–657
[10]毛丽华.石油污染土壤生物通风堆肥修复研究(博士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:56–58
[12]张世远.铜和铬对小麦生理生化特性和土壤酶活性的影响研究(硕士学位论文)[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2009
[13]关菘萌.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:321–333
[14]刘志卿,刘建荣,吴国庆.TTC-脱氢酶活性测定方法的改进[J].微生物学通报,1994,21(1):59–61
[15]王喜.汽油在土壤中运移规律研究(博士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009
[16]Michael Prince.Bioremediation of petroleum waste from the fefining of lubricant oils[J].Environmental Progress,1993,12(1):5–11
[17]Jonge HD.Relation between bioavailability and fuel oil hydrocarbon composition in contaminated Soils[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1996,30(5):215–224
[18]Vassallo AM.Study of the oxidation of oil shale and kerogen by fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy[J].Energy Fuels,1998,12(4):682–688
[19]朱春芳.汽油污染土壤的物理通风实验室模拟研究(硕士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007
[20]童玲,陈伟胜,郑西来,李梅.柴油污染土壤中毛细水上升规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(1):131–134
[21]曹冠楠.油污土中降解柴油细菌的分离鉴定及降解能力的研究(硕士学位论文)[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010
[22]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,l986:249–251
[23]崔爱玲.石油降解菌对石油烃的降解作用及应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006
[24]胥九兵,迟建国,邱维忠,王加宁,高永超,张强.微生物菌剂对石油污染土壤的修复研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(6):1 414–1418
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