肥液浓度和生物质掺混量对微润灌溉入渗特性的影响
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摘要
为了探明肥液质量浓度和生物质掺混质量比对微润灌溉土壤水分入渗特性的影响,采用室内土箱模拟试验的方法,设置3个肥液质量浓度水平(清水F_0:0 mg/L,低浓度F_L:200 mg/L,高浓度F_H:400 mg/L)和4个生物质掺混质量比水平(自然风干土B_0:0 g/kg,低掺混量B_L:15 g/kg,中掺混量B_M:30 g/kg,高掺混量B_H:45 g/kg),以发酵腐熟花生壳粉末为掺混生物质,研究微润灌溉的水分入渗速率、累积入渗量、湿润体体积以及湿润体质量含水率的分布特征.试验结果表明:肥液质量浓度和生物质掺混质量比对微润灌溉的初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、累积入渗量和湿润体质量含水率均值影响均具有统计学意义.与水平F_0B_0相比,增加肥液质量浓度和生物质掺混质量比可提高初始入渗速率13.02%~44.85%、稳定入渗速率13.50%~48.78%、累积入渗量5.65%~56.62%和湿润体质量含水率均值6.62%~30.09%;不同入渗时间内的累积入渗量符合Kostiakov模型;湿润体体积随肥液质量浓度和生物质掺混质量比增大而增大,且湿润体体积与入渗时间呈二次多项式关系;湿润体剖面面积和灌水均匀系数随肥液质量浓度和生物质掺混质量比增大而增大.
In order to identify effects of fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content on soil water infiltration characteristics in moistube irrigation where fermented peanut shell power was used as mixed biomass,a series of indoor soil box simulation experiments were performed. In the experiments,the fertilizer solution concentration was at three levels(F_0-pure water: 0 mg/L,F_L-low concentration: 200 mg/L,F_H-high concentration: 400 mg/L),the mixed biomass content was at four levels(B_0-natural air-dry soil: 0 g/kg,B_L-low mixed content: 15 g/kg,B_M-moderate mixed content:30 g/kg,B_H-high mixed content: 45 g/kg),and infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration,wetted soil volume and distribution characteristics of soil moisture were examined. The results indicate that the fertilizer solution concentration and mixed biomass content have a statistically significant effect on the initial infiltration rate,steady infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration and average content of soil moisture. Compared with the control treatment F_0 B_0,increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content has improved the initial infiltration rate by 13. 02%-44. 85%,the steady infiltration rate by 13. 50%-48. 78%,the cumulative infiltration by 5. 65%-56. 62% and the average content of soil moisture by 6. 62%-30. 09%,respectively. The cumulative infiltration in terms of time is accorded with Kostiakov model. The wetted soil volume increases with increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content,and can be fitted with a quadratic polynomial of infiltration time. The cross-sectional area of wetted soil and the uniformity coefficient of moistube irrigation increase with increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content.
In order to identify effects of fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content on soil water infiltration characteristics in moistube irrigation where fermented peanut shell power was used as mixed biomass,a series of indoor soil box simulation experiments were performed. In the experiments,the fertilizer solution concentration was at three levels(F_0-pure water: 0 mg/L,F_L-low concentration: 200 mg/L,F_H-high concentration: 400 mg/L),the mixed biomass content was at four levels(B_0-natural air-dry soil: 0 g/kg,B_L-low mixed content: 15 g/kg,B_M-moderate mixed content:30 g/kg,B_H-high mixed content: 45 g/kg),and infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration,wetted soil volume and distribution characteristics of soil moisture were examined. The results indicate that the fertilizer solution concentration and mixed biomass content have a statistically significant effect on the initial infiltration rate,steady infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration and average content of soil moisture. Compared with the control treatment F_0 B_0,increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content has improved the initial infiltration rate by 13. 02%-44. 85%,the steady infiltration rate by 13. 50%-48. 78%,the cumulative infiltration by 5. 65%-56. 62% and the average content of soil moisture by 6. 62%-30. 09%,respectively. The cumulative infiltration in terms of time is accorded with Kostiakov model. The wetted soil volume increases with increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content,and can be fitted with a quadratic polynomial of infiltration time. The cross-sectional area of wetted soil and the uniformity coefficient of moistube irrigation increase with increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass content.
引文
[1]张俊.微润线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究[D].杨凌:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2013.
[2]杨文君,田磊,杜太生,等.半透膜节水灌溉技术的研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2008,19(6):60-63.YANG Wenjun,TIAN Lei,DU Taisheng,et al.Research prospect of the water-saving irrigation by semipermeable film[J].Journal of water resources&water engineering,2008,19(6):60-63.(in Chinese)
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[7]刘显,费良军,刘扬,等.肥液浓度对涌泉根灌土壤水氮运移特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):166-170,176.LIU Xian,FEI Liangjun,LIU Yang,et al.Transport characteristics of water and nitrogen under bubbled-root irrigation with fertilizer solution[J].Journal of soil and water conservation,2016,30(5):166-170,176.(in Chinese)
[8]潘英华,雷廷武,张晴雯,等.土壤结构改良剂对土壤水动力学参数的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):37-39.PAN Yinghua,LEI Tingwu,ZHANG Qingwen,et al.Effects of polyacrylamide on soil hydrodynamic parameters[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003,19(4):37-39.(in Chinese)
[9]王珍,冯浩.秸秆不同还田方式对土壤入渗特性及持水能力的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(4):75-80.WANG Zhen,FENG Hao.Effect of straw-incorporation on soil infiltration characteristics and soil water holding capacity[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(4):75-80.(in Chinese)
[10]郑健,王燕,蔡焕杰,等.秸秆颗粒形态对沟灌入渗特征影响的试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(1):66-72.ZHENG Jian,WANG Yan,CAI Huanjie,et al.Experimental investigation into effects of maize leaf and straw fragments on soil water infiltration characteristics in furrow irrigation[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(1):66-72.(in Chinese)
[11]王燕,郑健,冀宏,等.植物掺混物对甘肃景泰砂壤土入渗过程的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(1):63-67.WANG Yan,ZHENG Jian,JI Hong,et al.Impacts of plant additive on the infiltration with sandy loam[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2010,41(1):63-67.(in Chinese)
[12]仵峰,张凯,宰松梅,等.小麦玉米秸秆掺土还田量对土壤水分运动特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):101-105.WU Feng,ZHANG Kai,ZAI Songmei,et al.Impact of mixed straw on soil hydraulic properties[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(24):101-105.(in Chinese)
[13]陈湘瑜,徐日荣,唐兆秀.发酵花生壳在金线莲栽培中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(32):129-132.CHEN Xiangyu,XU Rirong,TANG Zhaoxiu.Application of deconmposed peanut shell in cultivating anoectochilus roxburghii(Wall.)Lindl[J].Journal of Anhui agricultural science,2016,44(32):129-132.(in Chinese)
[14]张俊,牛文全,张琳琳,等.微润灌溉线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):32-38.ZHANG Jun,NIU Wenquan,ZHANG Linlin,et al.Experimental study on characters of wetted soil in moistube irrigation[J].Science of soil and water conservation,2012,10(6):32-38.(in Chinese)
[15]GAO Linwu,ZHENG Yang,ZENG Cui,et al.Mixed artificial grasslands with more roots improved mine soil infiltration capacity[J].Journal of hydrology,2016,535:54-60.
[16]吴军虎,费良军,赵茜,等.土壤间歇入渗水肥耦合特性试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):28-31.WU Junhu,FEI Liangjun,ZHAO Qian,et al.Coupling characteristics of soil water and nitrogen under intermittent infiltration[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(4):28-31.(in Chinese)
[17]余小弟,刘小刚,朱益飞,等.土壤质地和供水压力对竖插式微润管入渗的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(1):71-79.YU Xiaodi,LIU Xiaogang,ZHU Yifei,et al.Effects of soil texture and water pressure on moistube infiltration in vertical inserting mode[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2017,35(1):71-79.(in Chinese)
[2]杨文君,田磊,杜太生,等.半透膜节水灌溉技术的研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2008,19(6):60-63.YANG Wenjun,TIAN Lei,DU Taisheng,et al.Research prospect of the water-saving irrigation by semipermeable film[J].Journal of water resources&water engineering,2008,19(6):60-63.(in Chinese)
[3]国攀,薛翔,宋时雨,等.微润灌溉技术的研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(15):3809-3812.GUO Pan,XUE Xiang,SONG Shiyu,et al.Summary on research and development of micro irrigation technology[J].Hubei agricultural science,2016,55(15):3809-3812.(in Chinese)
[4]XIAO Zhenhua,PRENDERGAST B,RENGASAMY P.Effect of irrigation water quality on soil hydraulic conductivity[J].Pedosphere,1992,2(3):237-244.
[5]牛文全,薛万来.矿化度对微润灌土壤入渗特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):163-172.NIU Wenquan,XUE Wanlai.Effects of mineralization degrees on soil infiltration under moistube-irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2014,45(4):163-172.(in Chinese)
[6]董玉云,费良军,程东娟.肥液浓度对膜孔入渗水分运移特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(3):95-99,106.DONG Yuyun,FEI Liangjun,CHENG Dongjuan.The influence of fertilizer solution concentration on water transport characteristics under film hole infiltration[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2006,29(3):95-99,106.(in Chinese)
[7]刘显,费良军,刘扬,等.肥液浓度对涌泉根灌土壤水氮运移特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):166-170,176.LIU Xian,FEI Liangjun,LIU Yang,et al.Transport characteristics of water and nitrogen under bubbled-root irrigation with fertilizer solution[J].Journal of soil and water conservation,2016,30(5):166-170,176.(in Chinese)
[8]潘英华,雷廷武,张晴雯,等.土壤结构改良剂对土壤水动力学参数的影响[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):37-39.PAN Yinghua,LEI Tingwu,ZHANG Qingwen,et al.Effects of polyacrylamide on soil hydrodynamic parameters[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003,19(4):37-39.(in Chinese)
[9]王珍,冯浩.秸秆不同还田方式对土壤入渗特性及持水能力的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(4):75-80.WANG Zhen,FENG Hao.Effect of straw-incorporation on soil infiltration characteristics and soil water holding capacity[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(4):75-80.(in Chinese)
[10]郑健,王燕,蔡焕杰,等.秸秆颗粒形态对沟灌入渗特征影响的试验研究[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(1):66-72.ZHENG Jian,WANG Yan,CAI Huanjie,et al.Experimental investigation into effects of maize leaf and straw fragments on soil water infiltration characteristics in furrow irrigation[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(1):66-72.(in Chinese)
[11]王燕,郑健,冀宏,等.植物掺混物对甘肃景泰砂壤土入渗过程的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(1):63-67.WANG Yan,ZHENG Jian,JI Hong,et al.Impacts of plant additive on the infiltration with sandy loam[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2010,41(1):63-67.(in Chinese)
[12]仵峰,张凯,宰松梅,等.小麦玉米秸秆掺土还田量对土壤水分运动特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):101-105.WU Feng,ZHANG Kai,ZAI Songmei,et al.Impact of mixed straw on soil hydraulic properties[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(24):101-105.(in Chinese)
[13]陈湘瑜,徐日荣,唐兆秀.发酵花生壳在金线莲栽培中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(32):129-132.CHEN Xiangyu,XU Rirong,TANG Zhaoxiu.Application of deconmposed peanut shell in cultivating anoectochilus roxburghii(Wall.)Lindl[J].Journal of Anhui agricultural science,2016,44(32):129-132.(in Chinese)
[14]张俊,牛文全,张琳琳,等.微润灌溉线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):32-38.ZHANG Jun,NIU Wenquan,ZHANG Linlin,et al.Experimental study on characters of wetted soil in moistube irrigation[J].Science of soil and water conservation,2012,10(6):32-38.(in Chinese)
[15]GAO Linwu,ZHENG Yang,ZENG Cui,et al.Mixed artificial grasslands with more roots improved mine soil infiltration capacity[J].Journal of hydrology,2016,535:54-60.
[16]吴军虎,费良军,赵茜,等.土壤间歇入渗水肥耦合特性试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):28-31.WU Junhu,FEI Liangjun,ZHAO Qian,et al.Coupling characteristics of soil water and nitrogen under intermittent infiltration[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(4):28-31.(in Chinese)
[17]余小弟,刘小刚,朱益飞,等.土壤质地和供水压力对竖插式微润管入渗的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(1):71-79.YU Xiaodi,LIU Xiaogang,ZHU Yifei,et al.Effects of soil texture and water pressure on moistube infiltration in vertical inserting mode[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2017,35(1):71-79.(in Chinese)