污水处理厂污泥磷形态及低温热解-碱解联合处理的释磷效果研究
|
摘要
以北京三家污水处理厂的污泥为研究对象,通过SMT法分析污泥中不同形态磷的含量与分布特征及热碱联合处理后污泥的释磷情况,为污泥磷回收预处理技术提供支持。结果表明:无机磷(IP)是污泥中磷的主要存在形态,三家污水处理厂污泥中IP分别占总磷(TP)的63%、68%、75%以上;生物有效磷在TP中均占60%~76%,并与总磷有显著的正相关关系。污泥的热碱联合处理结果表明:1)热解阶段:污泥上清液中正磷酸盐占总磷的比例和总磷释放率均随热解温度呈先上升后下降趋势;60℃时污泥上清液中正磷酸盐占TP的比例最高,TP释放率也较高。2)碱解阶段:pH为9~11时,污泥上清液中正磷酸盐占TP的比例随pH升高而减少,pH≥11后趋于稳定;TP释放率与pH大体呈正相关关系。考虑后期磷回收的可行性及药剂投加成本等原因,选择最适处理条件为:热解温度为60℃,热解时间为30 min;碱解pH为11,碱解时间为30 min。
The standards,measurements and testing(SMT) program was employed to characterize the distribution of phosphorus(P) fractions in sewage sludge from three municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Beijing.Meanwhile,the release of phosphorus from sludge pretreated by thermal-alkaline combined method was investigated to provide theoretical support for pretreatment technology of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge.The results showed that the inorganic phosphorus(IP) was the predominant fraction of total phosphorus(TP) in every plant,accounting for 63%,68%,75%,respectively.Bioavailable phosphorus had significant positive correlations with TP which accounted for 60% to 76% of TP.The results of thermal-alkaline pretreatment showed: 1) For low-temperature thermolysis,both the transfer rate of total phosphorus from particle to supernatant and ratio of orthophosphate to TP in sludge supernatant all increased first and then decreased as the temperature increasing.The ratio of orthophosphate to TP in sludge supernatant was highest at 60 ℃,meanwhile the release rate of TP was also achieved a higher value.2) In the alkaline hydrolysis period,the ratio of orthophosphate to TP in sludge supernatant decreased while pH increased from 9 to 11 and remained stable when pH was higher than 11.However,the transfer rate of total phosphorus from particle to supernatant was positively correlated with pH.Considering the feasibility of sludge phosphorus recovery and the reagent costs,the best thermal-alkaline pretreatment conditions were pyrolysis temperature of 60 ℃ for 30 min and alkaline hydrolysis at pH = 11 for 30 min.
The standards,measurements and testing(SMT) program was employed to characterize the distribution of phosphorus(P) fractions in sewage sludge from three municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Beijing.Meanwhile,the release of phosphorus from sludge pretreated by thermal-alkaline combined method was investigated to provide theoretical support for pretreatment technology of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge.The results showed that the inorganic phosphorus(IP) was the predominant fraction of total phosphorus(TP) in every plant,accounting for 63%,68%,75%,respectively.Bioavailable phosphorus had significant positive correlations with TP which accounted for 60% to 76% of TP.The results of thermal-alkaline pretreatment showed: 1) For low-temperature thermolysis,both the transfer rate of total phosphorus from particle to supernatant and ratio of orthophosphate to TP in sludge supernatant all increased first and then decreased as the temperature increasing.The ratio of orthophosphate to TP in sludge supernatant was highest at 60 ℃,meanwhile the release rate of TP was also achieved a higher value.2) In the alkaline hydrolysis period,the ratio of orthophosphate to TP in sludge supernatant decreased while pH increased from 9 to 11 and remained stable when pH was higher than 11.However,the transfer rate of total phosphorus from particle to supernatant was positively correlated with pH.Considering the feasibility of sludge phosphorus recovery and the reagent costs,the best thermal-alkaline pretreatment conditions were pyrolysis temperature of 60 ℃ for 30 min and alkaline hydrolysis at pH = 11 for 30 min.
引文
[1]van Dijk K C,Lesschen J P,Oenema O.Phosphorus flows and balances of the European Union Member States[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,542(13):1078-1093.
[2]郝晓地,宋鑫.从污水/污泥、动物粪尿中回收磷:技术与政策[J].北京建筑大学学报,2016,32(3):101-107.
[3]聂开省.资源与环境约束下的中国磷矿资源需求探析[J].低碳技术,2016,22(8):42-43.
[4]高明.EBPR中富磷污泥释磷特性及磷回收试验研究[D].济南:济南大学,2016.
[5]陈小锋,揣小明,杨柳燕.中国典型湖区湖泊富营养化现状、历史演变趋势及成因分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2014,30(4):438-443.
[6]郭广慧.我国城市污泥中养分和重金属含量及农用潜力分析[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[7]Balme R.P.Phosphorus recovery:An overview of potentials and possibilities[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,49(10):185-190.
[8]戴晓虎,戴翎翎,段妮娜.科技创新为我国污泥绿色化低碳发展提供对策[J].建设科技,2017,1(1):48-51.
[9]张璇.污水处理厂污泥中磷回收的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(4):2168-2171.
[10]沈雪莲,周振,任伟超,等.城镇污水处理厂污泥中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1200-1204.
[11]李广,李晶,焦晓霞,等.剩余污泥热水解特性试验研究[J].给水排水,2015,41(1):129-131.
[12]Ming G,Liping Q,Kang X,et al.Phosphorus recovery from excess sludge:Possibility and future[C]∥4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering,2015:488-491.
[13]毕薇.碱解剩余污泥上清液制备磷酸铵镁的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
[14]池勇志,刘晓敏,李玉友,等.微波预处理剩余污泥的研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(9):2221-2226.
[15]Barrios J A,Duran A,Cano A,et al.Sludge electro oxidation as pre-treatment for anaerobic digestion[J].Published February,2017,75(4):775-781.
[16]程振敏,魏源送,刘俊新.酸碱预处理对常压微波辐射剩余活性污泥磷释放的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):1110-1114.
[17]曾凡哲.破解方式对污泥释磷效果的比较研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[18]朱梦圆,朱广伟,钱君龙,等.SMT法插标分析沉积物中磷的地球化学形态[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1502-1507.
[19]朱晓芸,杨红,高春梅.磷形态和pH对剩余污泥磷释放的影响[J].上海海洋大学大学,2014,23(1):102-107.
[20]Sonzogni W C,Chapra S C,Armstrong D E,et al.Bioavailability of phosphorus inputs to lakes[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1982,11(4):555-563.
[21]Ruban V,López-sánchez J F,Pardo P,et al.Harmonized protocol and certified reference material for the determination of extractable contents of phosphorus in freshwater sediments:A synthesis of recent works[J].Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2001,370(2/3):224-228.
[22]王超,冯士龙,王沛芳,等.污泥中磷的形态与生物可利用磷的分布及相互关系[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1593-1597.
[23]Zhu M Y,Zhu G W,Li W,et al.Estimation of the algal-available phosphorus pool in sediments of a large,shallow eutrophic lake(Taihu,China)using profiled SMT fractional analysis[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,173(1):216-223.
[2]郝晓地,宋鑫.从污水/污泥、动物粪尿中回收磷:技术与政策[J].北京建筑大学学报,2016,32(3):101-107.
[3]聂开省.资源与环境约束下的中国磷矿资源需求探析[J].低碳技术,2016,22(8):42-43.
[4]高明.EBPR中富磷污泥释磷特性及磷回收试验研究[D].济南:济南大学,2016.
[5]陈小锋,揣小明,杨柳燕.中国典型湖区湖泊富营养化现状、历史演变趋势及成因分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2014,30(4):438-443.
[6]郭广慧.我国城市污泥中养分和重金属含量及农用潜力分析[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[7]Balme R.P.Phosphorus recovery:An overview of potentials and possibilities[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,49(10):185-190.
[8]戴晓虎,戴翎翎,段妮娜.科技创新为我国污泥绿色化低碳发展提供对策[J].建设科技,2017,1(1):48-51.
[9]张璇.污水处理厂污泥中磷回收的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(4):2168-2171.
[10]沈雪莲,周振,任伟超,等.城镇污水处理厂污泥中磷的形态分布及生物可利用性分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1200-1204.
[11]李广,李晶,焦晓霞,等.剩余污泥热水解特性试验研究[J].给水排水,2015,41(1):129-131.
[12]Ming G,Liping Q,Kang X,et al.Phosphorus recovery from excess sludge:Possibility and future[C]∥4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering,2015:488-491.
[13]毕薇.碱解剩余污泥上清液制备磷酸铵镁的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.
[14]池勇志,刘晓敏,李玉友,等.微波预处理剩余污泥的研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(9):2221-2226.
[15]Barrios J A,Duran A,Cano A,et al.Sludge electro oxidation as pre-treatment for anaerobic digestion[J].Published February,2017,75(4):775-781.
[16]程振敏,魏源送,刘俊新.酸碱预处理对常压微波辐射剩余活性污泥磷释放的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(4):1110-1114.
[17]曾凡哲.破解方式对污泥释磷效果的比较研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[18]朱梦圆,朱广伟,钱君龙,等.SMT法插标分析沉积物中磷的地球化学形态[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1502-1507.
[19]朱晓芸,杨红,高春梅.磷形态和pH对剩余污泥磷释放的影响[J].上海海洋大学大学,2014,23(1):102-107.
[20]Sonzogni W C,Chapra S C,Armstrong D E,et al.Bioavailability of phosphorus inputs to lakes[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1982,11(4):555-563.
[21]Ruban V,López-sánchez J F,Pardo P,et al.Harmonized protocol and certified reference material for the determination of extractable contents of phosphorus in freshwater sediments:A synthesis of recent works[J].Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2001,370(2/3):224-228.
[22]王超,冯士龙,王沛芳,等.污泥中磷的形态与生物可利用磷的分布及相互关系[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1593-1597.
[23]Zhu M Y,Zhu G W,Li W,et al.Estimation of the algal-available phosphorus pool in sediments of a large,shallow eutrophic lake(Taihu,China)using profiled SMT fractional analysis[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,173(1):216-223.