曼陀罗对镉的吸收及其亚细胞分布研究
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摘要
为研究曼陀罗对重金属镉的耐性机制,以前期筛选的曼陀罗(Datura stramonium L.)为试验材料,通过水培方式探究镉(Cd)胁迫下曼陀罗对Cd的吸收累积特性及其在植株体内的亚细胞分布特征。结果表明:介质中Cd无论低浓度还是高浓度,曼陀罗各部位的Cd含量都表现为根>茎>叶,但迁移系数差异不显著。曼陀罗根系Cd~(2+) 流速在不同位置具有显著差异,其中分生区和伸长区的Cd~(2+) 流速显著大于根冠区和成熟区。当介质中Cd浓度由0.1 mg·L~(-1)增至2.5 mg·L~(-1)时,细胞壁和细胞液中Cd含量之和所占比例显著增大。研究表明,曼陀罗根系对Cd~(2+) 的吸收主要集中在分生区和伸长区,当介质中Cd浓度较低时,根系中细胞壁对Cd向上运输的限制及茎叶中细胞液对Cd的区室化起重要的作用;当Cd浓度较高时,根部细胞各组分中细胞液所占比重增加,Cd由根系向上迁移,此时茎叶中细胞壁对Cd的固定作用增强,其可能是曼陀罗耐受高Cd胁迫的机制之一。
To study the tolerance of Datura stramonium L. to Cd, previously selected D.stramonium was used to evaluate Cd uptake and subcellular distribution under Cd stress using ahydroponic experiment. The results showed that the Cd concentration among different parts of D.stramonium decreased in the following order at both low and high Cd concentrations in medium:Root>stem>leaf. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the transfer factor. Cd~(2+) flux was significantly different in different zones of the root surface; the flux of Cd~(2+) in the meristematic and elongation zones was significantly higher than that in the root cap and maturity zone. When the Cd concentration in?creased from 0.1 mg·L~(-1) to 2.5 mg·L~(-1), the proportion of Cd in cell walls and the soluble fraction increased. Thus, the uptake of Cd by the roots of D.stramonium occurred mainly within the meristematic and elongation zones. When the Cd concentration in medium was low, re?striction of Cd transport by cell walls in the roots and compartmentalization by the soluble fraction of cells in the shoots played a vital role in Cd detoxification. When the Cd concentration was high, the proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction of root cells increased, and Cd could migrate to the leaves and stems. Therefore, enhanced Cd immobilization by cell walls in the shoots might serve as a mechanism of Cd toler?ance in D.stramonium.
To study the tolerance of Datura stramonium L. to Cd, previously selected D.stramonium was used to evaluate Cd uptake and subcellular distribution under Cd stress using ahydroponic experiment. The results showed that the Cd concentration among different parts of D.stramonium decreased in the following order at both low and high Cd concentrations in medium:Root>stem>leaf. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the transfer factor. Cd~(2+) flux was significantly different in different zones of the root surface; the flux of Cd~(2+) in the meristematic and elongation zones was significantly higher than that in the root cap and maturity zone. When the Cd concentration in?creased from 0.1 mg·L~(-1) to 2.5 mg·L~(-1), the proportion of Cd in cell walls and the soluble fraction increased. Thus, the uptake of Cd by the roots of D.stramonium occurred mainly within the meristematic and elongation zones. When the Cd concentration in medium was low, re?striction of Cd transport by cell walls in the roots and compartmentalization by the soluble fraction of cells in the shoots played a vital role in Cd detoxification. When the Cd concentration was high, the proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction of root cells increased, and Cd could migrate to the leaves and stems. Therefore, enhanced Cd immobilization by cell walls in the shoots might serve as a mechanism of Cd toler?ance in D.stramonium.
引文
[1]倪中应,谢国雄,章明奎.镉污染农田土壤修复技术研究进展[J].安徽农学通报, 2017, 23(6):115-120.NI Zhong-ying, XIE Guo-xiong, ZHANG Ming-kui. Research progress on remediation technology of cadmium-contaminated agricultural soils[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2017, 23(6):115-120.
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[3]樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报, 2013, 22(10):1727-1736.FAN Ting, YE Wen-ling, CHEN Hai-yan, et al. Review on contamina?tion and remediation technology of heavy metal in agricultural soil[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 22(10):1727-1736.
[4]郑黎明,袁静.重金属污染土壤植物修复技术及其强化措施[J].环境科技, 2017, 30(1):75-78.ZHENG Li-ming, YUAN Jing. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals and strengthening measures[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 30(1):75-78.
[5]史静,潘根兴.外加镉对水稻镉吸收、亚细胞分布及非蛋白巯基含量的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(5):853-859.SHI Jing, PAN Gen-xing. Effects of Cd-spiking treatment on Cd accu?mulation, subcellular distribution and content of nonprotein thiols in rice[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(5):853-859.
[6]张海利,王涛,邹路易,等.铜绿假单胞菌对龙葵中Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(8):1602-1609.ZHANG Hai-li, WANG Tao, ZOU Lu-yi, et al. Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on subcellular distribution and chemical speciation of Cd in Solanum nigrum[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(8):1602-1609.
[7]方继宇,贾永霞,张春梅,等.马缨丹对镉的生长响应及其富集、转运和亚细胞分布特点研究[J].生态环境学报, 2014, 23(10):1677-1682.FANG Ji-yu, JIA Yong-xia, ZHANG Chun-mei, et al. Effects of cad?mium on growth response of Lantana camara L. and its accumulation,translocation and subcellular distribution of Cd[J]. Ecology and Envi?ronmental Sciences, 2014, 23(10):1677-1682.
[8] Fu X P, Dou C M, Chen Y X, et al. Subcellular distribution and chemi?cal forms of cadmium in Phytolacca americana L[J]. Journal of Hazard?ous Materials, 2011, 186(1):103-107.
[9] Lai H Y. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana in relation to its phytoextraction potential[J]. Che?mosphere, 2015, 138:370-376.
[10]苏玉彤,李明英,张娟,等.曼陀罗的栽培管理[J].特种经济动植物, 2015(3):41-42.SU Yu-tong, LI Ming-ying, ZHANG Juan, et al. Cultivation and man?agement of Datura stramonium L[J]. Special Economic Animal and Plant, 2015(3):41-42.
[11]杨珍平,郝教敏,卜玉山,等. Cd胁迫对5种植物体内Cd积累及根际土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2011, 25(6):186-192.YANG Zhen-ping, HAO Jiao-min, BO Yu-shan, et al. Effects of Cd stress on Cd accumulation in organs and rhizospheric soil characteris?tics with five plants[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011,25(6):186-192.
[12]董林林,赵先贵,韦良焕.曼陀罗和苍耳对污染土壤中镉的吸收与富集[J].生物技术, 2009, 19(2):29-32.DONG Lin-lin, ZHAO Xian-gui, WEI Liang-huan. Sorption and ac?cumulation of cadmium in the polluted soil of Datura stramonium and Xanthium sibiricum[J]. Biotechnology, 2009, 19(2):29-32.
[13]张彪,杨海涛,周志云,等.铅锌冶炼厂周边野生植物调查及铅镉携带量研究[J].江西农业学报, 2015, 27(5):111-115.ZHANG Biao, YANG Hai-tao, ZHOU Zhi-yun, et al. Investigation on wild plants and lead cadmium carrying volume around a lead-zinc smelting plant[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2015, 27(5):111-115.
[14]杨海涛,张彪,杨素勤,等.镉胁迫对苗期曼陀罗生长及镉富集的影响[J].江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(10):309-311.YANG Hai-tao, ZHANG Biao, YANG Su-qin, et al. Effects of cadmi?um on growth and accumulation of Datura stramonium in seedling stage[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(10):309-311.
[15] Sun J, Wang R, Liu Z, et al. Non-invasive microelectrode cadmium flux measurements reveal the spatial characteristics and real-time ki?netics of cadmium transport in hyperaccumulator and nonhyperaccu?mulator ecotypes of Sedum alfredii[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2013, 170(3):355-359.
[16] Li L Z, Tu C, Peijnenburg W J G M, et al. Characteristics of cadmium uptake and membrane transport in roots of intact wheat(Triticum aes?tivum L.)seedlings[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 221:351-358.
[17] Li L Z, Tu C, Wu L H, et al. Pathways of root uptake and membrane transport of Cd2+in the zinc/cadmium hyperaccumulating plant Sedum plumbizincicola[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2017, 36(4):1038-1046.
[18]慕小倩,史雷,赵云青,等.曼陀罗种子休眠机理与破眠方法研究[J].西北植物学报, 2011, 31(4):683-689.MU Xiao-qian, SHI Lei, ZHAO Yun-qing, et al. Seed dormancy mechanism and dormancy breaking methods of Datura stramonium L[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2011, 31(4):683-689.
[19] Li L, Liu X, Peijnenburg W J G M, et al. Pathways of cadmium fluxes in the root of the halophyte Suaeda salsa[J]. Ecotoxicology Environ?mental Safety, 2012, 75(1):1-7.
[20]韩立娜,居学海,张长波,等.水稻镉离子流速的基因型差异及其与镉积累量的关系研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(1):37-42.HAN Li-na, JU Xue-hai, ZHANG Chang-bo, et al. Genotypic varia?tion of Cd2+flux and its relationship with Cd accumulation in rice plant[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(1):37-42.
[21] Pi?eros M A, Shaff J E, Kochian L V. Development, characterization,and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the mea?surement of cadmium fluxes in roots of Thlaspi species and wheat[J].Plant Physiology, 1998, 116(4):1393-1401.
[22]刘凤,魏雨蒙,刘霜平,等.镉胁迫对小麦生长和生理特性的影响[J].山东化工, 2017, 46(3):24-26.LIU Feng, WEI Yu-meng, LIU Shuang-ping, et al. Effect of cadmium stress on seedlings growth and physiological characteristics of wheat[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2017, 46(3):24-26.
[23]惠俊爱,党志.土壤不同镉浓度对玉米CT38生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2014, 23(5):884-889.HUI Jun-ai, DANG Zhi. Effects of different cadmium concentrations in soil on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of maize CT38[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014, 23(5):884-889.
[24]杨海涛,卢炳坤,苗利娟,等.野生曼陀罗生态学特性及镉铅携带量的研究[J].西南农业学报, 2016, 29(2):413-419.YANG Hai-tao, LU Bing-kun, MIAO Li-juan, et al. Study on ecologi?cal characteristics and capacity of carrying cadmium and lead in wild Datura stramonium[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Scienc?es, 2016, 29(2):413-419.
[25] Clemens S. Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants[J]. Biochimie, 2006, 88(11):1707-1719.
[26] Jungk A. Root hairs and the acquisition of plant nutrients from soil[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2015, 164(2):121-129.
[27] Wang Y H, Chen T, Zhang C Y, et al. Nitric oxide modulates the in?flux of extracellular Ca2+and actin filament organization during cell wall construction in Pinus bungeana pollen tubes[J]. New Phytologist,2009, 182(4):851-862.
[28] Sun J, Dai S X, Wang R G, et al. Calcium mediates root K+/Na+ho?meostasis in poplar species differing in salt tolerance[J]. Tree Physiol?ogy, 2009, 29(9):1175-1186.
[29] Ma W W, Xu W Z, Xu H, et al. Nitric oxide modulates cadmium in?flux during cadmium-induced programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells[J]. Planta, 2010, 232(2):325-335.
[30]贾代东,刘爱琴,李惠通,等.非损伤微测技术在植物生理生态学研究中的应用进展[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2017, 23(1):175-182.JIA Dai-dong, LIU Ai-qin, LI Hui-tong, et al. Applications and ad?vances of non-invasive micro-test technology in plant physiologicalecology research[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Bi?ology, 2017, 23(1):175-182.
[31] Wójcik M, Vangronsveld J, D′Haen J, et al. Cadmium tolerance in Thlaspi caerulescens:Ⅱ. Localization of cadmium in Thlaspi caerule?scens[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2005, 53(2):163-171.
[32] Allan D L, Jarrell W M. Proton and copper adsorption to maize and soybean root cell walls[J]. Plant Physiology, 1989, 89(3):823-832.
[33]杨居荣,黄翌.植物对重金属的耐性机理[J].生态学杂志, 1994,13(6):20-26.YANG Ju-rong, HUANG Yi. Mechanism of heavy metal tolerance of plants[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1994, 13(6):20-26.
[2]姜洋,罗远恒,顾雪元.农田土壤镉污染的原位钝化修复及持久性研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学), 2017, 53(2):265-274.JIANG Yang, LUO Yuan-heng, GU Xue-yuan. In situ immobilization of cadmium in soil and persistence study[J]. Journal of Nanjing Univer?sity(Natural Science), 2017, 53(2):265-274.
[3]樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报, 2013, 22(10):1727-1736.FAN Ting, YE Wen-ling, CHEN Hai-yan, et al. Review on contamina?tion and remediation technology of heavy metal in agricultural soil[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 22(10):1727-1736.
[4]郑黎明,袁静.重金属污染土壤植物修复技术及其强化措施[J].环境科技, 2017, 30(1):75-78.ZHENG Li-ming, YUAN Jing. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals and strengthening measures[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 30(1):75-78.
[5]史静,潘根兴.外加镉对水稻镉吸收、亚细胞分布及非蛋白巯基含量的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(5):853-859.SHI Jing, PAN Gen-xing. Effects of Cd-spiking treatment on Cd accu?mulation, subcellular distribution and content of nonprotein thiols in rice[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(5):853-859.
[6]张海利,王涛,邹路易,等.铜绿假单胞菌对龙葵中Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(8):1602-1609.ZHANG Hai-li, WANG Tao, ZOU Lu-yi, et al. Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on subcellular distribution and chemical speciation of Cd in Solanum nigrum[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(8):1602-1609.
[7]方继宇,贾永霞,张春梅,等.马缨丹对镉的生长响应及其富集、转运和亚细胞分布特点研究[J].生态环境学报, 2014, 23(10):1677-1682.FANG Ji-yu, JIA Yong-xia, ZHANG Chun-mei, et al. Effects of cad?mium on growth response of Lantana camara L. and its accumulation,translocation and subcellular distribution of Cd[J]. Ecology and Envi?ronmental Sciences, 2014, 23(10):1677-1682.
[8] Fu X P, Dou C M, Chen Y X, et al. Subcellular distribution and chemi?cal forms of cadmium in Phytolacca americana L[J]. Journal of Hazard?ous Materials, 2011, 186(1):103-107.
[9] Lai H Y. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Impatiens walleriana in relation to its phytoextraction potential[J]. Che?mosphere, 2015, 138:370-376.
[10]苏玉彤,李明英,张娟,等.曼陀罗的栽培管理[J].特种经济动植物, 2015(3):41-42.SU Yu-tong, LI Ming-ying, ZHANG Juan, et al. Cultivation and man?agement of Datura stramonium L[J]. Special Economic Animal and Plant, 2015(3):41-42.
[11]杨珍平,郝教敏,卜玉山,等. Cd胁迫对5种植物体内Cd积累及根际土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2011, 25(6):186-192.YANG Zhen-ping, HAO Jiao-min, BO Yu-shan, et al. Effects of Cd stress on Cd accumulation in organs and rhizospheric soil characteris?tics with five plants[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011,25(6):186-192.
[12]董林林,赵先贵,韦良焕.曼陀罗和苍耳对污染土壤中镉的吸收与富集[J].生物技术, 2009, 19(2):29-32.DONG Lin-lin, ZHAO Xian-gui, WEI Liang-huan. Sorption and ac?cumulation of cadmium in the polluted soil of Datura stramonium and Xanthium sibiricum[J]. Biotechnology, 2009, 19(2):29-32.
[13]张彪,杨海涛,周志云,等.铅锌冶炼厂周边野生植物调查及铅镉携带量研究[J].江西农业学报, 2015, 27(5):111-115.ZHANG Biao, YANG Hai-tao, ZHOU Zhi-yun, et al. Investigation on wild plants and lead cadmium carrying volume around a lead-zinc smelting plant[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2015, 27(5):111-115.
[14]杨海涛,张彪,杨素勤,等.镉胁迫对苗期曼陀罗生长及镉富集的影响[J].江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(10):309-311.YANG Hai-tao, ZHANG Biao, YANG Su-qin, et al. Effects of cadmi?um on growth and accumulation of Datura stramonium in seedling stage[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 43(10):309-311.
[15] Sun J, Wang R, Liu Z, et al. Non-invasive microelectrode cadmium flux measurements reveal the spatial characteristics and real-time ki?netics of cadmium transport in hyperaccumulator and nonhyperaccu?mulator ecotypes of Sedum alfredii[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2013, 170(3):355-359.
[16] Li L Z, Tu C, Peijnenburg W J G M, et al. Characteristics of cadmium uptake and membrane transport in roots of intact wheat(Triticum aes?tivum L.)seedlings[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 221:351-358.
[17] Li L Z, Tu C, Wu L H, et al. Pathways of root uptake and membrane transport of Cd2+in the zinc/cadmium hyperaccumulating plant Sedum plumbizincicola[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2017, 36(4):1038-1046.
[18]慕小倩,史雷,赵云青,等.曼陀罗种子休眠机理与破眠方法研究[J].西北植物学报, 2011, 31(4):683-689.MU Xiao-qian, SHI Lei, ZHAO Yun-qing, et al. Seed dormancy mechanism and dormancy breaking methods of Datura stramonium L[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2011, 31(4):683-689.
[19] Li L, Liu X, Peijnenburg W J G M, et al. Pathways of cadmium fluxes in the root of the halophyte Suaeda salsa[J]. Ecotoxicology Environ?mental Safety, 2012, 75(1):1-7.
[20]韩立娜,居学海,张长波,等.水稻镉离子流速的基因型差异及其与镉积累量的关系研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(1):37-42.HAN Li-na, JU Xue-hai, ZHANG Chang-bo, et al. Genotypic varia?tion of Cd2+flux and its relationship with Cd accumulation in rice plant[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(1):37-42.
[21] Pi?eros M A, Shaff J E, Kochian L V. Development, characterization,and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the mea?surement of cadmium fluxes in roots of Thlaspi species and wheat[J].Plant Physiology, 1998, 116(4):1393-1401.
[22]刘凤,魏雨蒙,刘霜平,等.镉胁迫对小麦生长和生理特性的影响[J].山东化工, 2017, 46(3):24-26.LIU Feng, WEI Yu-meng, LIU Shuang-ping, et al. Effect of cadmium stress on seedlings growth and physiological characteristics of wheat[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2017, 46(3):24-26.
[23]惠俊爱,党志.土壤不同镉浓度对玉米CT38生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2014, 23(5):884-889.HUI Jun-ai, DANG Zhi. Effects of different cadmium concentrations in soil on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of maize CT38[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014, 23(5):884-889.
[24]杨海涛,卢炳坤,苗利娟,等.野生曼陀罗生态学特性及镉铅携带量的研究[J].西南农业学报, 2016, 29(2):413-419.YANG Hai-tao, LU Bing-kun, MIAO Li-juan, et al. Study on ecologi?cal characteristics and capacity of carrying cadmium and lead in wild Datura stramonium[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Scienc?es, 2016, 29(2):413-419.
[25] Clemens S. Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants[J]. Biochimie, 2006, 88(11):1707-1719.
[26] Jungk A. Root hairs and the acquisition of plant nutrients from soil[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2015, 164(2):121-129.
[27] Wang Y H, Chen T, Zhang C Y, et al. Nitric oxide modulates the in?flux of extracellular Ca2+and actin filament organization during cell wall construction in Pinus bungeana pollen tubes[J]. New Phytologist,2009, 182(4):851-862.
[28] Sun J, Dai S X, Wang R G, et al. Calcium mediates root K+/Na+ho?meostasis in poplar species differing in salt tolerance[J]. Tree Physiol?ogy, 2009, 29(9):1175-1186.
[29] Ma W W, Xu W Z, Xu H, et al. Nitric oxide modulates cadmium in?flux during cadmium-induced programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells[J]. Planta, 2010, 232(2):325-335.
[30]贾代东,刘爱琴,李惠通,等.非损伤微测技术在植物生理生态学研究中的应用进展[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2017, 23(1):175-182.JIA Dai-dong, LIU Ai-qin, LI Hui-tong, et al. Applications and ad?vances of non-invasive micro-test technology in plant physiologicalecology research[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Bi?ology, 2017, 23(1):175-182.
[31] Wójcik M, Vangronsveld J, D′Haen J, et al. Cadmium tolerance in Thlaspi caerulescens:Ⅱ. Localization of cadmium in Thlaspi caerule?scens[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2005, 53(2):163-171.
[32] Allan D L, Jarrell W M. Proton and copper adsorption to maize and soybean root cell walls[J]. Plant Physiology, 1989, 89(3):823-832.
[33]杨居荣,黄翌.植物对重金属的耐性机理[J].生态学杂志, 1994,13(6):20-26.YANG Ju-rong, HUANG Yi. Mechanism of heavy metal tolerance of plants[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1994, 13(6):20-26.