天山野果林塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌的鉴定
|
摘要
为了解新疆天山野果林中塞威士苹果Malus sieversii与其林下伴生植物短距凤仙花Impatiens brachycentra两种植物叶斑病病原菌的多样性及同源性,采用组织分离法获得病原菌,基于rDNA-ITS序列构建系统发育树,并进行ITS序列BLAST同源性比对,对病原菌进行鉴定分类,并依据科赫氏法则测定致病性。结果显示,从新疆新源县天山野果林中的塞威士苹果及短距凤仙花病叶上共分离得到18株菌落形态各异的病原菌,分属于2属4种,绝大多数属于半知菌亚门。其中,链格孢属Alternaria sp.为塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌中的优势菌群。致病性测定结果显示,其中11株病原真菌对塞威士苹果具有致病性,7株病原真菌对短距凤仙花具有致病性;塞威士苹果所有的病原真菌对短距凤仙花均有致病性,而且短距凤仙花所有的病原真菌对塞威士苹果也有致病性。推测2种植物叶斑病可能由相同来源的病原真菌引发,短距凤仙花染病加剧了塞威士苹果叶斑病暴发,可能是野果林退化的重要原因。
To evaluate the diversity and homology of pathogens causing leaf spot of Malus sieversii and Impatiens brachycentra growing in the wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, the pathogenic fungi responsible for the leaf spot disease of both plants were isolated and purified using tissue isolation method, and were identified based on the construction of phylogenetic tree and homology alignment of ITS sequences using BLAST, followed by inoculation on healthy leaves to testify their pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results showed that a total of 18 strains of pathogenic fungi with different colony morphology characteristics were identified from M. sieversii and I. brachycentra growing in the wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountain, which were categorized into two genera and four species, with the majority belonging to Deuteromycotina. Among them, Alternaria sp. was more abundant than Mucor sp. The 11 strains of the identified fungi were pathogenic to M. sieversii, whereas seven were pathogenic to I. brachycentra; all pathogens of M. sieversii were pathogenic to I. brachycentra and vice versa. The results indicated that I. brachycentra could harbor a large amount of pathogenic fungi that could attack M. sieversii, which subsequently could trigger more severe consequences on M. sieversii.
To evaluate the diversity and homology of pathogens causing leaf spot of Malus sieversii and Impatiens brachycentra growing in the wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, the pathogenic fungi responsible for the leaf spot disease of both plants were isolated and purified using tissue isolation method, and were identified based on the construction of phylogenetic tree and homology alignment of ITS sequences using BLAST, followed by inoculation on healthy leaves to testify their pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results showed that a total of 18 strains of pathogenic fungi with different colony morphology characteristics were identified from M. sieversii and I. brachycentra growing in the wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountain, which were categorized into two genera and four species, with the majority belonging to Deuteromycotina. Among them, Alternaria sp. was more abundant than Mucor sp. The 11 strains of the identified fungi were pathogenic to M. sieversii, whereas seven were pathogenic to I. brachycentra; all pathogens of M. sieversii were pathogenic to I. brachycentra and vice versa. The results indicated that I. brachycentra could harbor a large amount of pathogenic fungi that could attack M. sieversii, which subsequently could trigger more severe consequences on M. sieversii.
引文
Beckstead J,Meyer SE,Connolly BM,Huck MB,Street LE.2010.Cheatgrass facilitates spillover of a seed bank pathogen onto native grass species.Journal of Ecology,98(1):168-177
Chen SF.2014.Summary of forestry tree pathogen pathways.Eucalypt Science&Technology,31(2):50-56(in Chinese)[陈帅飞.2014.林木病原菌的传播途径概述.桉树科技,31(2):50-56]
Cheng KW,Zhou XF,Zang RG,Zhang WY.2008.Study on the measures of conserving Malus sieversii resources in Xinjiang,China.Arid Zone Reseach,25(6):760-765(in Chinese)[成克武,周晓芳,臧润国,张炜银.2008.新疆野苹果资源保护对策探讨.干旱区研究,25(6):760-765]
Deng XL,Liu YC,Wu Y.2003.Interconnection among dominant plant populations of Castanopsis community in Jinggang Mountain Nature Reserve.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,27(4):531-536(in Chinese)[邓贤兰,刘玉成,吴杨.2003.井冈山自然保护区栲属群落优势种群的种间联结关系研究.植物生态学报,27(4):531-536]
Ding XM.2007.Protecting Tianshan wild fruit forest without delay.Forestry of Xinjiang,(6):42,44(in Chinese)[丁雪梅.2007.保护天山野果林刻不容缓.新疆林业,(6):42,44]
Gao P,Nan ZB,Wu YN,Liu QT,Meng FJ,Duan TY.2017.Identification of the pathogen causing rust disease of traditional Chinese herb Apocynum venetum.Journal of Plant Protection,44(1):129-136(in Chinese)[高鹏,南志标,吴永娜,刘起棠,孟繁杰,段廷玉.2017.罗布麻锈病病原菌鉴定.植物保护学报,44(1):129-136]
Guo ZY,Dong JG.1995.The occurrence characteristics and control techniques of apple leaf spot disease.Agricultural Science and Technology Development,(2):23(in Chinese)[郭志英,董金皋.1995.苹果叶斑病的发生特点及防治新技术.农村科技开发,(2):23]
Han CX,Zhang BC,Zhang YM,Tai FJ,Zhang C,Shao H.2016.Diversity of culturable fungi from the moss crusts growing in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert.Journal of Desert Research,36(4):1050-1055(in Chinese)[韩彩霞,张丙昌,张元明,邰凤姣,张弛,邵华.2016.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘苔藓结皮中可培养真菌的多样性.中国沙漠,36(4):1050-1055]
Han M,Jiang P.2015.Identification of the pathogens of walnut leaf spot disease.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,52(1):91-96(in Chinese)[韩敏,蒋萍.2015.核桃叶斑病病原菌的分子鉴定.新疆农业科学,52(1):91-96]
He GX,Deng QF,Zhou X.2018.Research progress of analytical methods and toxicological mechanisms for Alternaria mycotoxins.Science and Technology of Food Industry,39(4):342-346,352(in Chinese)[何国鑫,邓青芳,周欣.2018.链格孢霉毒素的分析方法及其毒理机制研究进展.食品工业科技,39(4):342-346,352]
Jiang N,Wang M,Wei DZ,Wang Y,Feng XY.2016.Progress on mycotoxins contamination and ozone degradation in fruits and vegetables.Journal of Food Safety and Quality,7(11):4415-4420(in Chinese)[姜楠,王蒙,韦迪哲,王瑶,冯晓元.2016.果蔬中真菌毒素污染及臭氧防治研究进展.食品安全质量检测学报,7(11):4415-4420]
Larkin MA,Blackshields G,Brown NP,Chenna R,McGettigan PA,McWilliam H,Valentin F,Wallace IM,Wilm A,Lopez R,et al.2007.Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0.Bioinformatics,23(21):2947-2948
Li YZ,Nie HX.2016.The causal agents of sainfoin fungal diseases and disease dynamics in Gansu Province.Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):222-232(in Chinese)[李彦忠,聂红霞.2016.甘肃省红豆草病原真菌鉴定及病害发生动态调查.植物保护学报,43(2):222-232]
Liu AH,Zhang XP,Wen JB,Yue CY,Alimu,Jiao SP,Zhang JW,Ke RM.2014.Preliminary research on the composite damage of Agrilus mali Matsumura and Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada in wild apple trees in Tianshan Mountain.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,51(12):2240-2244(in Chinese)[刘爱华,张新平,温俊宝,岳朝阳,阿里木,焦淑萍,张静文,克热曼.2014.天山野苹果林苹果小吉丁与苹果腐烂病复合危害研究.新疆农业科学,51(12):2240-2244]
Liu AH,Zhang XP,Wen JB,Yue CY,Wang DY,Alimu,Wang YL,Zhang JW,Ke RM.2017.Risk analysis and management countermeasures of Agrilus mali invasion in Xinjiang.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,41(3):105-107(in Chinese)[刘爱华,张新平,温俊宝,岳朝阳,王登元,阿里木,王玉兰,张静文,克热曼.2013.苹果小吉丁虫入侵新疆的风险分析及管理对策.江苏农业科学,41(3):105-107]
Liu AH,Zhang XP,Yue CY,Wen JB,Zhang JW,Kong TT,Jiao SP,Liang Y,Su T,Li P,Tu L.2016.Preliminary exploration of the control effect of aerially spraying to control Agrilus mali Matsumura with ultra-low volume in wild fruit forests.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,53(11):2083-2089(in Chinese)[刘爱华,张新平,岳朝阳,温俊宝,张静文,孔婷婷,焦淑萍,梁瀛,苏腾,李鹏,等.2016.飞机超低量喷雾防治天山野果林苹果小吉丁防效研究.新疆农业科学,53(11):2083-2089]
Liu XS,Lin PJ,Zhong JP.1993.An analysis and inquiry into the wild apple trees in Ili.Arid Zone Research,10(3):28-33(in Chinese)[刘兴诗,林培钧,钟骏平.1993.伊犁野果林生境分析和发生探讨.干旱区研究,10(3):28-33]
Liu YL,Zhang YX.2004.A preliminary study on the pathogen origin of pomegranate wilt disease.Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),(S1):144(in Chinese)[刘云龙,张云霞.2004.国内果树新病害─石榴枯萎病病菌来源初探.石河子大学学报(自然科学版),(S1):144]
Lively CM,Johnson SG,Delph LF,Clay K.1995.Thinning reduces the effect of rust infection on jewelweed(Impatiens capensis).Ecology,76(6):1859-1862
Lu SJ,Gong ZY,Luan TM.1984.A preliminary report on the occurrence and control of apple leaf spotted leaf disease.China Fruits,(1):38-43(in Chinese)[鹿世晋,巩振仪,栾同珉.1984.苹果斑点落叶病发生及防治研究初报.中国果树,(1):38-43]
Luan FG,Zhang HY,Yang ZP,Zhang LL.2008.Research on the number of AM fungus spore in seepweed growing area and its mycorrhiza infection.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(28):12119-12121,12144(in Chinese)[栾丰刚,张海燕,杨赵平,张利莉.2008.硬枝碱蓬适生区的AM真菌孢子数量及伴生植物侵染状况研究.安徽农业科学,36(28):12119-12121,12144]
Mei C,Yan P,Han LQ,Ma K,Xu Z,Lu CS,Fan DY,Ai SJ,Wang JX.2015.Agrilus mail Matsumura resistance of different types of Xinjiang wild apple.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(10):1859-1865(in Chinese)[梅闯,闫鹏,韩立群,马凯,许正,卢春生,樊丁宇,艾沙江,王继勋.2015.新疆野苹果不同类型单株对苹果小吉丁虫抗性差异.新疆农业科学,(10):1859-1865]
Power AG,Mitchell CE.2004.Pathogen spillover in disease epidemics.The American Naturalist,164(S5):S79-S89
Rodriguez RDP,Hernandez E.2004.Mucor foliar spot and mycoflora in stem and root lesions of peach.Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico,88(3/4):155-160
Semaiti S,Maimaiti Y,Guo QY,Bai JY.2016.Identification of the pathogen causing jujube fruit mildew(Part I):isolation and identification of Aspergillus fungus causing jujube fruit mildew.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,53(3):502-509(in Chinese)[沙娜瓦尔·色买提,玉山江·买买提,郭庆元,白剑宇.2016.枣果霉烂病病原鉴定(一)--引起新疆枣果霉烂病的几种曲霉菌的分离鉴定.新疆农业科学,53(3):502-509]
Shao XP,Zhong XG,Xue YY,Liu J,Zhang SW,Wang WX,Xu BL.2014.Identification and its cross protection on pathogens of apple leaf spot in Gansu Province.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,49(3):78-84(in Chinese)[邵旭平,钟小刚,薛应钰,刘佳,张树武,王卫雄,徐秉良.2014.甘肃省苹果叶斑病病原菌鉴定及交叉保护作用研究.甘肃农业大学学报,49(3):78-84]
Shimomura N,Park P,Otani M,Otani I,Kodama M,Koiimoto K,Ohno T.1993.Leakage sites of electrolytes from susceptible apple leaf cells treated with am-toxin i of Alternaria alternata apple pathotype.Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,59:563-567
Si EJ,Yang SL,Li BC,Ma XL,Wang SR,Wang HJ.2017.Pathogenic analysis,rDNA-ITS and genetic diversity of Pyrenophora garminea in Gansu Province.Journal of Plant Protection,44(1):84-92(in Chinese)[司二静,杨淑莲,李葆春,马小乐,王生荣,王化俊.2017.甘肃省大麦条纹病病原菌致病力分化、rDNA-ITS及遗传多样性分析.植物保护学报,44(1):84-92]
Tamura K,Dudley J,Nei M,Kumar S.2007.MEGA4:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis(MEGA)software version 4.0.Molecular Biology and Evolution,24(8):1596-1599
Wang XJ,Li SY,Li YW,He R,Zhu LW,Liu P.2017.Pathogen identification of kiwifruit soft rot and fungicide screening for control of the disease.Journal of Plant Protection,44(5):826-832(in Chinese)[王小洁,李士谣,李亚巍,何容,朱立武,刘普.2017.猕猴桃软腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选.植物保护学报,44(5):826-832]
Xu T,Hu TL,Wang YN,Wang ST,Cao KQ.2012.Isolation of endophytic fungi from apple bark and their potential for biological control of Valsa ceratosperma.Journal of Plant Protection,39(4):327-333(in Chinese)[徐涛,胡同乐,王亚南,王树桐,曹克强.2012.苹果树皮内生真菌的分离及其对腐烂病的生物防治潜力.植物保护学报,39(4):327-333]
Yi RH,Gan LJ,Yan DH,Wu ZJ,Tong YT,Wu FF.2013.Identification and biological characteristics of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing pitaya canker.Journal of Plant Protection,40(2):102-108(in Chinese)[易润华,甘罗军,晏冬华,吴泽菁,童依婷,吴凤发.2013.火龙果溃疡病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性.植物保护学报,40(2):102-108]
Zeng YS,Xiang MM,Xie YP.2005.The pathogenic mechanism of toxin from Nimbya alternantherae to Alligator alternanthera.Journal of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology,(4):1-5(in Chinese)[曾永三,向梅梅,谢燕平.2005.莲子草假隔链格孢毒素的致病机理研究.仲恺农业技术学院学报,(4):1-5]
Zhang GH,Liu DB,Song SY,Yang Q,Si SL.2017.Species investigation and pathogen identification of blueberry leaf diseases in southeast Guizhou.Forest Pest and Disease,36(2):42-46(in Chinese)[张国辉,刘德波,宋盛英,杨芩,佀胜利.2017.黔东南州蓝莓叶部病害的种类调查和病原鉴定.中国森林病虫,36(2):42-46]
Zhang SY,Li L,Chen XL,Qi QQ,Lou HZ,Zhang CQ.2017.Identification of brown spot on fruit of Torreya grandis and screening of fungicides.Journal of Plant Protection,44(5):817-825(in Chinese)[张书亚,李玲,陈秀龙,戚钱钱,楼焕泽,张传清.2017.香榧果实褐斑病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选.植物保护学报,44(5):817-825]
Chen SF.2014.Summary of forestry tree pathogen pathways.Eucalypt Science&Technology,31(2):50-56(in Chinese)[陈帅飞.2014.林木病原菌的传播途径概述.桉树科技,31(2):50-56]
Cheng KW,Zhou XF,Zang RG,Zhang WY.2008.Study on the measures of conserving Malus sieversii resources in Xinjiang,China.Arid Zone Reseach,25(6):760-765(in Chinese)[成克武,周晓芳,臧润国,张炜银.2008.新疆野苹果资源保护对策探讨.干旱区研究,25(6):760-765]
Deng XL,Liu YC,Wu Y.2003.Interconnection among dominant plant populations of Castanopsis community in Jinggang Mountain Nature Reserve.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,27(4):531-536(in Chinese)[邓贤兰,刘玉成,吴杨.2003.井冈山自然保护区栲属群落优势种群的种间联结关系研究.植物生态学报,27(4):531-536]
Ding XM.2007.Protecting Tianshan wild fruit forest without delay.Forestry of Xinjiang,(6):42,44(in Chinese)[丁雪梅.2007.保护天山野果林刻不容缓.新疆林业,(6):42,44]
Gao P,Nan ZB,Wu YN,Liu QT,Meng FJ,Duan TY.2017.Identification of the pathogen causing rust disease of traditional Chinese herb Apocynum venetum.Journal of Plant Protection,44(1):129-136(in Chinese)[高鹏,南志标,吴永娜,刘起棠,孟繁杰,段廷玉.2017.罗布麻锈病病原菌鉴定.植物保护学报,44(1):129-136]
Guo ZY,Dong JG.1995.The occurrence characteristics and control techniques of apple leaf spot disease.Agricultural Science and Technology Development,(2):23(in Chinese)[郭志英,董金皋.1995.苹果叶斑病的发生特点及防治新技术.农村科技开发,(2):23]
Han CX,Zhang BC,Zhang YM,Tai FJ,Zhang C,Shao H.2016.Diversity of culturable fungi from the moss crusts growing in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert.Journal of Desert Research,36(4):1050-1055(in Chinese)[韩彩霞,张丙昌,张元明,邰凤姣,张弛,邵华.2016.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘苔藓结皮中可培养真菌的多样性.中国沙漠,36(4):1050-1055]
Han M,Jiang P.2015.Identification of the pathogens of walnut leaf spot disease.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,52(1):91-96(in Chinese)[韩敏,蒋萍.2015.核桃叶斑病病原菌的分子鉴定.新疆农业科学,52(1):91-96]
He GX,Deng QF,Zhou X.2018.Research progress of analytical methods and toxicological mechanisms for Alternaria mycotoxins.Science and Technology of Food Industry,39(4):342-346,352(in Chinese)[何国鑫,邓青芳,周欣.2018.链格孢霉毒素的分析方法及其毒理机制研究进展.食品工业科技,39(4):342-346,352]
Jiang N,Wang M,Wei DZ,Wang Y,Feng XY.2016.Progress on mycotoxins contamination and ozone degradation in fruits and vegetables.Journal of Food Safety and Quality,7(11):4415-4420(in Chinese)[姜楠,王蒙,韦迪哲,王瑶,冯晓元.2016.果蔬中真菌毒素污染及臭氧防治研究进展.食品安全质量检测学报,7(11):4415-4420]
Larkin MA,Blackshields G,Brown NP,Chenna R,McGettigan PA,McWilliam H,Valentin F,Wallace IM,Wilm A,Lopez R,et al.2007.Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0.Bioinformatics,23(21):2947-2948
Li YZ,Nie HX.2016.The causal agents of sainfoin fungal diseases and disease dynamics in Gansu Province.Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):222-232(in Chinese)[李彦忠,聂红霞.2016.甘肃省红豆草病原真菌鉴定及病害发生动态调查.植物保护学报,43(2):222-232]
Liu AH,Zhang XP,Wen JB,Yue CY,Alimu,Jiao SP,Zhang JW,Ke RM.2014.Preliminary research on the composite damage of Agrilus mali Matsumura and Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada in wild apple trees in Tianshan Mountain.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,51(12):2240-2244(in Chinese)[刘爱华,张新平,温俊宝,岳朝阳,阿里木,焦淑萍,张静文,克热曼.2014.天山野苹果林苹果小吉丁与苹果腐烂病复合危害研究.新疆农业科学,51(12):2240-2244]
Liu AH,Zhang XP,Wen JB,Yue CY,Wang DY,Alimu,Wang YL,Zhang JW,Ke RM.2017.Risk analysis and management countermeasures of Agrilus mali invasion in Xinjiang.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,41(3):105-107(in Chinese)[刘爱华,张新平,温俊宝,岳朝阳,王登元,阿里木,王玉兰,张静文,克热曼.2013.苹果小吉丁虫入侵新疆的风险分析及管理对策.江苏农业科学,41(3):105-107]
Liu AH,Zhang XP,Yue CY,Wen JB,Zhang JW,Kong TT,Jiao SP,Liang Y,Su T,Li P,Tu L.2016.Preliminary exploration of the control effect of aerially spraying to control Agrilus mali Matsumura with ultra-low volume in wild fruit forests.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,53(11):2083-2089(in Chinese)[刘爱华,张新平,岳朝阳,温俊宝,张静文,孔婷婷,焦淑萍,梁瀛,苏腾,李鹏,等.2016.飞机超低量喷雾防治天山野果林苹果小吉丁防效研究.新疆农业科学,53(11):2083-2089]
Liu XS,Lin PJ,Zhong JP.1993.An analysis and inquiry into the wild apple trees in Ili.Arid Zone Research,10(3):28-33(in Chinese)[刘兴诗,林培钧,钟骏平.1993.伊犁野果林生境分析和发生探讨.干旱区研究,10(3):28-33]
Liu YL,Zhang YX.2004.A preliminary study on the pathogen origin of pomegranate wilt disease.Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),(S1):144(in Chinese)[刘云龙,张云霞.2004.国内果树新病害─石榴枯萎病病菌来源初探.石河子大学学报(自然科学版),(S1):144]
Lively CM,Johnson SG,Delph LF,Clay K.1995.Thinning reduces the effect of rust infection on jewelweed(Impatiens capensis).Ecology,76(6):1859-1862
Lu SJ,Gong ZY,Luan TM.1984.A preliminary report on the occurrence and control of apple leaf spotted leaf disease.China Fruits,(1):38-43(in Chinese)[鹿世晋,巩振仪,栾同珉.1984.苹果斑点落叶病发生及防治研究初报.中国果树,(1):38-43]
Luan FG,Zhang HY,Yang ZP,Zhang LL.2008.Research on the number of AM fungus spore in seepweed growing area and its mycorrhiza infection.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(28):12119-12121,12144(in Chinese)[栾丰刚,张海燕,杨赵平,张利莉.2008.硬枝碱蓬适生区的AM真菌孢子数量及伴生植物侵染状况研究.安徽农业科学,36(28):12119-12121,12144]
Mei C,Yan P,Han LQ,Ma K,Xu Z,Lu CS,Fan DY,Ai SJ,Wang JX.2015.Agrilus mail Matsumura resistance of different types of Xinjiang wild apple.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(10):1859-1865(in Chinese)[梅闯,闫鹏,韩立群,马凯,许正,卢春生,樊丁宇,艾沙江,王继勋.2015.新疆野苹果不同类型单株对苹果小吉丁虫抗性差异.新疆农业科学,(10):1859-1865]
Power AG,Mitchell CE.2004.Pathogen spillover in disease epidemics.The American Naturalist,164(S5):S79-S89
Rodriguez RDP,Hernandez E.2004.Mucor foliar spot and mycoflora in stem and root lesions of peach.Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico,88(3/4):155-160
Semaiti S,Maimaiti Y,Guo QY,Bai JY.2016.Identification of the pathogen causing jujube fruit mildew(Part I):isolation and identification of Aspergillus fungus causing jujube fruit mildew.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,53(3):502-509(in Chinese)[沙娜瓦尔·色买提,玉山江·买买提,郭庆元,白剑宇.2016.枣果霉烂病病原鉴定(一)--引起新疆枣果霉烂病的几种曲霉菌的分离鉴定.新疆农业科学,53(3):502-509]
Shao XP,Zhong XG,Xue YY,Liu J,Zhang SW,Wang WX,Xu BL.2014.Identification and its cross protection on pathogens of apple leaf spot in Gansu Province.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,49(3):78-84(in Chinese)[邵旭平,钟小刚,薛应钰,刘佳,张树武,王卫雄,徐秉良.2014.甘肃省苹果叶斑病病原菌鉴定及交叉保护作用研究.甘肃农业大学学报,49(3):78-84]
Shimomura N,Park P,Otani M,Otani I,Kodama M,Koiimoto K,Ohno T.1993.Leakage sites of electrolytes from susceptible apple leaf cells treated with am-toxin i of Alternaria alternata apple pathotype.Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,59:563-567
Si EJ,Yang SL,Li BC,Ma XL,Wang SR,Wang HJ.2017.Pathogenic analysis,rDNA-ITS and genetic diversity of Pyrenophora garminea in Gansu Province.Journal of Plant Protection,44(1):84-92(in Chinese)[司二静,杨淑莲,李葆春,马小乐,王生荣,王化俊.2017.甘肃省大麦条纹病病原菌致病力分化、rDNA-ITS及遗传多样性分析.植物保护学报,44(1):84-92]
Tamura K,Dudley J,Nei M,Kumar S.2007.MEGA4:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis(MEGA)software version 4.0.Molecular Biology and Evolution,24(8):1596-1599
Wang XJ,Li SY,Li YW,He R,Zhu LW,Liu P.2017.Pathogen identification of kiwifruit soft rot and fungicide screening for control of the disease.Journal of Plant Protection,44(5):826-832(in Chinese)[王小洁,李士谣,李亚巍,何容,朱立武,刘普.2017.猕猴桃软腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选.植物保护学报,44(5):826-832]
Xu T,Hu TL,Wang YN,Wang ST,Cao KQ.2012.Isolation of endophytic fungi from apple bark and their potential for biological control of Valsa ceratosperma.Journal of Plant Protection,39(4):327-333(in Chinese)[徐涛,胡同乐,王亚南,王树桐,曹克强.2012.苹果树皮内生真菌的分离及其对腐烂病的生物防治潜力.植物保护学报,39(4):327-333]
Yi RH,Gan LJ,Yan DH,Wu ZJ,Tong YT,Wu FF.2013.Identification and biological characteristics of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing pitaya canker.Journal of Plant Protection,40(2):102-108(in Chinese)[易润华,甘罗军,晏冬华,吴泽菁,童依婷,吴凤发.2013.火龙果溃疡病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性.植物保护学报,40(2):102-108]
Zeng YS,Xiang MM,Xie YP.2005.The pathogenic mechanism of toxin from Nimbya alternantherae to Alligator alternanthera.Journal of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology,(4):1-5(in Chinese)[曾永三,向梅梅,谢燕平.2005.莲子草假隔链格孢毒素的致病机理研究.仲恺农业技术学院学报,(4):1-5]
Zhang GH,Liu DB,Song SY,Yang Q,Si SL.2017.Species investigation and pathogen identification of blueberry leaf diseases in southeast Guizhou.Forest Pest and Disease,36(2):42-46(in Chinese)[张国辉,刘德波,宋盛英,杨芩,佀胜利.2017.黔东南州蓝莓叶部病害的种类调查和病原鉴定.中国森林病虫,36(2):42-46]
Zhang SY,Li L,Chen XL,Qi QQ,Lou HZ,Zhang CQ.2017.Identification of brown spot on fruit of Torreya grandis and screening of fungicides.Journal of Plant Protection,44(5):817-825(in Chinese)[张书亚,李玲,陈秀龙,戚钱钱,楼焕泽,张传清.2017.香榧果实褐斑病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选.植物保护学报,44(5):817-825]