北京地区草莓炭疽病病原鉴定及生物防治药剂筛选
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摘要
为明确引起北京地区草莓炭疽病的病原种类,并筛选对草莓炭疽病有效的生物药剂,对采自北京部分草莓产区的草莓炭疽病样本进行病原菌分离纯化培养,针对其培养性状、形态特征等方面进行研究,同时选用5种生物药剂对草莓炭疽病进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,北京地区引起草莓炭疽病的病原菌主要为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)和尖孢炭疽菌(C.acutatum),其中C.gloeosporioides为引起北京地区草莓炭疽病的优势菌株。2%绿宝水剂、0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂对草莓炭疽病防效较好,在药后7 d,防效分别为72.7%、74.7%,药后14 d,防效分别为67.4%、65.7%,均高于1%蛇床子素微乳剂、1 000亿个/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂、5%氨基寡糖素水剂,且与对照药剂45%咪鲜胺水乳剂没有显著差异。因此,可选用2%绿宝水剂、0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂代替化学农药防治草莓炭疽病。
In order to identify the pathogens causing strawberry anthracnose in Beijing area and screen biopesticides which are effective against the disease,the disease samples from parts of strawberry production areas in Beijing were collected to isolate pathogens,and their incubation traits and morphological characteristics were studied.In addition,five biopesticides were chosen to test the field control effect against strawberry anthracnose.The results showed that the pathogens causing strawberry anthracnose in Beijing were mainly Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C.acutatum.C.gloeosporioides was the dominant one.The field efficacy test results showed that 2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS had good control efficacies,which were 72.7% and 74.7% seven days after treatment,and 67.4% and 65.7% fourteen days after treatment,respectively,all higher than 1% osthol ME, 100 billion spores/g Bacillus subtilis WP and 5% oligosaccharins AS.Moreover,the control effects of 2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS had no significant difference from the control pesticide 45% prochloraz EW.Therefore,2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS could replace the chemical pesticides to prevent strawberry anthracnose.
In order to identify the pathogens causing strawberry anthracnose in Beijing area and screen biopesticides which are effective against the disease,the disease samples from parts of strawberry production areas in Beijing were collected to isolate pathogens,and their incubation traits and morphological characteristics were studied.In addition,five biopesticides were chosen to test the field control effect against strawberry anthracnose.The results showed that the pathogens causing strawberry anthracnose in Beijing were mainly Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C.acutatum.C.gloeosporioides was the dominant one.The field efficacy test results showed that 2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS had good control efficacies,which were 72.7% and 74.7% seven days after treatment,and 67.4% and 65.7% fourteen days after treatment,respectively,all higher than 1% osthol ME, 100 billion spores/g Bacillus subtilis WP and 5% oligosaccharins AS.Moreover,the control effects of 2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS had no significant difference from the control pesticide 45% prochloraz EW.Therefore,2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS could replace the chemical pesticides to prevent strawberry anthracnose.
引文
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[3] GAN P,NAKATA N,SUZUKI T,et al.Markers to differentiate species of anthracnose fungi identify Colletotrichum fructicola,as the predominant virulent species in strawberry plants in Chiba Prefecture of Japan[J].J Gen Plant Pathol,2017,83(1):14-22.
[4] 吉沐祥,杨敬辉,吴祥,等.草莓炭疽病的生物防治[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(6):1498-1500.
[5] 胡德玉,钱春,刘雪峰.草莓炭疽病研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2014(12):9-14.
[6] MASS J L.Anthracnose of strawberry fruit in Maryland[J].Plant Disease,1978,62:488-492.
[7] 张国珍.我国对草莓炭疽根腐病的重视程度亟待提高[J].植物保护,2015,41(2):234-236.
[8] 任小杰,梁艳,陆金萍,等.上海地区草莓炭疽病病原鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2008,38(3):325-328.
[9] 万瑶.草莓炭疽病菌的鉴定、检测及附着胞形成过程中核相变化的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[10] 张海英,张明会,刘志恒,等.草莓炭疽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007,38(3):317-321.
[11] 杨敬辉,陈宏州,肖婷,等.草莓炭疽病病原鉴定及其对12种杀菌剂的毒力测定[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6):2527-2531.
[12] 方中达.植病研究方法[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[13] BOOTH C.The genus Fusarium[M].Kew:Commonwealth Mycological Institute,1971.
[14] 余永年.中国真菌志(第六卷·霜霉目)[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1988.
[15] 张运涛,张国珍.草莓病虫害概论[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[16] 王金楠.浅谈生物农药的特点及发展现状[J].现代化农业,2014(11):4-5.
[17] 邱德文.生物农药的发展现状与趋势分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):679-684.
[18] 迮福惠,王培松,王继秋,等.天然化合物蛇床子素防治草莓白粉病和根蚜的研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,2005,22(3):189-190.
[19] 范广华,董英,赵文路,等.几种新型生物药剂防治黄瓜白粉病田间药效试验[J].山东农业科学,2011(8):93-94.
[20] 王美林,王会福,余山红.1 000亿活芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP蘸根控制草莓炭疽病效果初探[J].生物灾害科学,2013,36(1):79-81.
[21] 龚双军,杨立军,杨小军,等.新型植物源农药0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂对黄瓜白粉病菌的毒力测定及田间药效[J].植物保护,2010,36(5):168-170.
[22] 武哲,孙蕾,刘彦彦,等.2%武夷菌素水剂对草莓白粉病的毒力测定及田间防效[J].植物保护,2013,39(4):175-178.
[2] HIRAYAMA Y,ASANO S,OKAYAMA K,et al.Weeds as the potential inoculum source of Colletotrichum fructicola,responsible for strawberry anthracnose in Nara,Japan[J].J Gen Plant Pathol,2018,84:12-19.
[3] GAN P,NAKATA N,SUZUKI T,et al.Markers to differentiate species of anthracnose fungi identify Colletotrichum fructicola,as the predominant virulent species in strawberry plants in Chiba Prefecture of Japan[J].J Gen Plant Pathol,2017,83(1):14-22.
[4] 吉沐祥,杨敬辉,吴祥,等.草莓炭疽病的生物防治[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(6):1498-1500.
[5] 胡德玉,钱春,刘雪峰.草莓炭疽病研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2014(12):9-14.
[6] MASS J L.Anthracnose of strawberry fruit in Maryland[J].Plant Disease,1978,62:488-492.
[7] 张国珍.我国对草莓炭疽根腐病的重视程度亟待提高[J].植物保护,2015,41(2):234-236.
[8] 任小杰,梁艳,陆金萍,等.上海地区草莓炭疽病病原鉴定[J].植物病理学报,2008,38(3):325-328.
[9] 万瑶.草莓炭疽病菌的鉴定、检测及附着胞形成过程中核相变化的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[10] 张海英,张明会,刘志恒,等.草莓炭疽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007,38(3):317-321.
[11] 杨敬辉,陈宏州,肖婷,等.草莓炭疽病病原鉴定及其对12种杀菌剂的毒力测定[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6):2527-2531.
[12] 方中达.植病研究方法[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[13] BOOTH C.The genus Fusarium[M].Kew:Commonwealth Mycological Institute,1971.
[14] 余永年.中国真菌志(第六卷·霜霉目)[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1988.
[15] 张运涛,张国珍.草莓病虫害概论[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[16] 王金楠.浅谈生物农药的特点及发展现状[J].现代化农业,2014(11):4-5.
[17] 邱德文.生物农药的发展现状与趋势分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):679-684.
[18] 迮福惠,王培松,王继秋,等.天然化合物蛇床子素防治草莓白粉病和根蚜的研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,2005,22(3):189-190.
[19] 范广华,董英,赵文路,等.几种新型生物药剂防治黄瓜白粉病田间药效试验[J].山东农业科学,2011(8):93-94.
[20] 王美林,王会福,余山红.1 000亿活芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP蘸根控制草莓炭疽病效果初探[J].生物灾害科学,2013,36(1):79-81.
[21] 龚双军,杨立军,杨小军,等.新型植物源农药0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂对黄瓜白粉病菌的毒力测定及田间药效[J].植物保护,2010,36(5):168-170.
[22] 武哲,孙蕾,刘彦彦,等.2%武夷菌素水剂对草莓白粉病的毒力测定及田间防效[J].植物保护,2013,39(4):175-178.