上饶市长期照护老年人日常生活能力现状调查及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的调查江西省上饶市长期照护老年人日常生活能力现状及其影响因素,为开展老年人长期照护保险提供依据。方法 2018年3～4月采用整群抽样方法对江西省上饶市12个县(市、区)60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查,分为老年人一般人口学特征调查表和日常生活能力调查表。结果共调查1 087名老年人,平均年龄为77.75±8.12岁,日常生活能力总分平均为70.6±21.4分。年龄越大者日常生活能力越差(P<0.001);文化程度高者日常生活能力相对较差(P<0.001);有配偶者生活能力较差(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄(P<0.001)、文化程度(P<0.001)、有无配偶(P<0.05)、低保和低收入(P<0.05)等均是影响老年人日常生活能力得分的重要因素。结论年龄、文化程度、有无配偶、低保、低收入、患慢病、户籍是影响上饶市长期照护老年人日常生活能力的主要危险因素。未来建立长期照护保险制度时应根据老年人的慢病、年龄、有无配偶等因素来确定相应的长期照护标准评分体系及补偿标准。
Objectives To investigate and analyze the activities of daily living status and influencing factors for the elderly of long-term care in Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province, and provide a basis for Shangrao City to carry out longterm care insurance for the elderly. Methods Cluster sampling was used to investigate the elderly aged 60 and over in 12 counties(cities, districts)of Shangrao, including the elderly general demographic characteristics and activity of daily living survey. Results A total of 1 087 elderly people were surveyed, with an average age of 77.75±8.12 and a total 70.6±21.4 score of activity of daily living. Comparing different age groups, the elder age group had a worse activity of daily living(P<0.001). Those with a higher education level had relatively poor activity of daily living(P<0.001), and those with spouse also had poor activity of daily living(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age(P<0.001), education level(P<0.001), marital status(P<0.05) and income level(P<0.05) were important factors affecting the scores of activity of daily living of the elderly. Conclusions Age, education level, marital status, low-income situation, chronic disease, and household registration are the main risk factors affecting the score of the long-term care of the elderly in daily life. The establishment of a long-term care insurance system should be based on chronic diseases, age, marital status and other factors to determine the corresponding long-term care standard scoring system and compensation standards.
Objectives To investigate and analyze the activities of daily living status and influencing factors for the elderly of long-term care in Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province, and provide a basis for Shangrao City to carry out longterm care insurance for the elderly. Methods Cluster sampling was used to investigate the elderly aged 60 and over in 12 counties(cities, districts)of Shangrao, including the elderly general demographic characteristics and activity of daily living survey. Results A total of 1 087 elderly people were surveyed, with an average age of 77.75±8.12 and a total 70.6±21.4 score of activity of daily living. Comparing different age groups, the elder age group had a worse activity of daily living(P<0.001). Those with a higher education level had relatively poor activity of daily living(P<0.001), and those with spouse also had poor activity of daily living(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age(P<0.001), education level(P<0.001), marital status(P<0.05) and income level(P<0.05) were important factors affecting the scores of activity of daily living of the elderly. Conclusions Age, education level, marital status, low-income situation, chronic disease, and household registration are the main risk factors affecting the score of the long-term care of the elderly in daily life. The establishment of a long-term care insurance system should be based on chronic diseases, age, marital status and other factors to determine the corresponding long-term care standard scoring system and compensation standards.
引文
1中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2015年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Available at:http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-02 /29/content_5047274.htm.
2 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2015年全国1%人口抽样调查主要数据公报. Available at:http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201604/t20160420_1346151.html.
3何清莲.人口老龄化背景下江西省老年人再就业问题研究.南昌:江西财经大学, 2016.
4 中华人民共和国人力资源社会保障部办公厅.人力资源社会保障部办公厅关于开展长期护理保险制度试点的指导意见.Available at:http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/gkml/xxgk/201607/t20160705_242951.html.
5刘淼,王建华,杨姗姗,等.北京市社区老年人群日常活动能力状况及城乡比较.中华流行病学杂志, 2018, 39(3):268-272.
6 丁汉升.长期照护服务需求评估调查及其分级实践.北京:新华出版社, 2017.
7Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, et al. Progress in development of the index of ADL. Gerontologist, 1970, 10(1):20-30.
8 Katz S, Akpom CA. A measure of primary sociobiological functions. Int J Health Serv, 1976, 6(3):493-508.
9Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, et al. Studies of illness in the aged. JAMA, 1963,(12):185:914-919.
10 纪经海.老年人日常活动能力影响因素调查及研究.影像研究与医学应用, 2017,(11):250-251.
11江西省上饶市统计局. 2015年上饶市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Available at:http://www.srtj.gov.cn/tjnr.asp?id=10211.
12 Jopp DS, Boerner K, Cimarolli V, et al. Challenges experienced at age 100:findings from the fordham centenarian study. J Aging Soc Policy, 2016, 28(3):187-207.
13陈晶,段曹辉.中国老年人日常活动能力的影响因素-基于CHARLS数据的分析.公共卫生与预防医学, 2017, 28(3):68-71.
14 王黎,郭红艳,谢红.养老机构老年人总体健康状况及影响因素.中国老年学杂志, 2016, 36(8):1975-1976.
15Kim BJ, Choi Y. The relationship between activities of daily living(ADL), chronic diseases, and depression among older Korean immigrants. Educational Gerontology, 2015, 41(6):417-427.
16 吴燕,徐勇.苏州市城区老年人日常生活能力调查.中国老年学杂志, 2014, 34(3):745-746.
17Gong C, Cui B, Lei Z. Study on the prevention and strategy of disability in China.北京:北京论坛, 2007:6906-6913.
18 冯玉如,陈长香.河北省城乡老年人青光眼患病及其身心健康现状调查.中国公共卫生, 2016, 32(2):141-144.
2 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2015年全国1%人口抽样调查主要数据公报. Available at:http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201604/t20160420_1346151.html.
3何清莲.人口老龄化背景下江西省老年人再就业问题研究.南昌:江西财经大学, 2016.
4 中华人民共和国人力资源社会保障部办公厅.人力资源社会保障部办公厅关于开展长期护理保险制度试点的指导意见.Available at:http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/gkml/xxgk/201607/t20160705_242951.html.
5刘淼,王建华,杨姗姗,等.北京市社区老年人群日常活动能力状况及城乡比较.中华流行病学杂志, 2018, 39(3):268-272.
6 丁汉升.长期照护服务需求评估调查及其分级实践.北京:新华出版社, 2017.
7Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, et al. Progress in development of the index of ADL. Gerontologist, 1970, 10(1):20-30.
8 Katz S, Akpom CA. A measure of primary sociobiological functions. Int J Health Serv, 1976, 6(3):493-508.
9Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, et al. Studies of illness in the aged. JAMA, 1963,(12):185:914-919.
10 纪经海.老年人日常活动能力影响因素调查及研究.影像研究与医学应用, 2017,(11):250-251.
11江西省上饶市统计局. 2015年上饶市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Available at:http://www.srtj.gov.cn/tjnr.asp?id=10211.
12 Jopp DS, Boerner K, Cimarolli V, et al. Challenges experienced at age 100:findings from the fordham centenarian study. J Aging Soc Policy, 2016, 28(3):187-207.
13陈晶,段曹辉.中国老年人日常活动能力的影响因素-基于CHARLS数据的分析.公共卫生与预防医学, 2017, 28(3):68-71.
14 王黎,郭红艳,谢红.养老机构老年人总体健康状况及影响因素.中国老年学杂志, 2016, 36(8):1975-1976.
15Kim BJ, Choi Y. The relationship between activities of daily living(ADL), chronic diseases, and depression among older Korean immigrants. Educational Gerontology, 2015, 41(6):417-427.
16 吴燕,徐勇.苏州市城区老年人日常生活能力调查.中国老年学杂志, 2014, 34(3):745-746.
17Gong C, Cui B, Lei Z. Study on the prevention and strategy of disability in China.北京:北京论坛, 2007:6906-6913.
18 冯玉如,陈长香.河北省城乡老年人青光眼患病及其身心健康现状调查.中国公共卫生, 2016, 32(2):141-144.