摘要
以建筑拆除和装修产生的垃圾为研究对象,对可能含有的重金属进行浸出特性研究。结果表明:1)部分建筑垃圾Cr、Pb、Zn含量超过常规土壤背景值,其中聚氯乙烯线管中Pb较背景值高出105倍;2)建筑垃圾中重金属在醋酸缓冲溶液下浸出效果更为显著,石膏板中As、混凝土中Pb与玻璃中Zn的浸出率分别达到34.16%、38.15%与38.21%,分别是硫酸硝酸体系下的12,89,24倍;3)实际场景模拟过程中,酸雨环境仅有Cr、Zn浸出,而生活垃圾渗滤液环境下多种重金属均有浸出,Zn的浸出率最高。
Taking the wastes from building-demolition and renovation as the study object, the leaching characteristics of potential heavy metals were studied. The results showed that: 1) the contents of Cr, Pb, and Zn in some building wastes exceeded the soil background values, especially the content of Pb in PVC tube was 105 times higher than the soil background value; 2) the heavy metals in building wastes had a more significant leaching effect in acetic acid buffer solution, and leaching rates of As in gypsum, Pb in concrete and Zn in glass were 34.16%, 38.15%, and 38.21% respectively, which were 12, 89 and 24 times higher respectively than that in sulfuric-nitric acid solution; 3) only Cr and Zn leached under the acid rain circumstance during actual scene simulation, while several heavy metals leached under domestic landfill leachate situations, with the leaching rate of Zn being the highest.
引文
[1] 国家发展和改革委员会(NDRC)[R]. 中国资源综合利用年度报告,2014.
[2] 张利军. 西安市建筑垃圾渣土资源再利用研究[J]. 环境工程, 2017,35(5):122-124.
[3] Duan H, Wang J, Huang Q. Encouraging the environmentally sound management of C&D waste in China: An integrative review and research agenda[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015,43:611-620.
[4] Roussat N, Mehu J, Abdelghafour M, et al. Leaching behaviour of hazardous demolition waste[J]. Waste Manag, 2008,28:2032-2040.
[5] Roussat N, Dujet C, Méhu J. Choosing a sustainable demolition waste management strategy using multicriteria decision analysis[J]. Waste Management, 2009,29:12-20.
[6] Soma Sun, Daram S, Jeon TW, et al. Characterization of wastes from construction and demolition sector[J]. Environ Monit Assess, 2015,187:4200.
[7] 王罗春, 彭松, 赵由才. 建筑垃圾渗滤液实验室模拟研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2007,30(11):20-22.
[8] 段华波. 危险废物浸出毒性鉴别理论和方法研究[D]. 北京:中国环境科学研究院, 2006.
[9] 张慧, 郑志志, 马鑫鹏. 哈尔滨市土壤表层重金属污染特征及来源辨析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2017,30(10):1597-1606.
[10] Wallenwein G. PVC stabilizers: a contribution to sustainability[J]. Plastics, Additives and Compounding, 2006,8:26-28.
[11] Kalouskova R, Novotna M, Vymazal Z. Investigation of thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) by lead stearate and its combination with synthetic hydrotalcite[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2004,85:903-909.
[12] Mishra G, Dash B, Pandey S, et al. Antibacterial actions of silver nanoparticles incorporated Zn-Al layered double hydroxide and its spinel[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2013(1):1124-1130.
[13] Fujishima A, Zhang X. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis: present situation and future approaches[J]. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2006(9):750-760.
[14] Sanchez F, Barna R, Garrabrants A, et al. Environmental assessment of a cement-based solidified soil contaminated with lead[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2000,55:113-128.
[15] 刘富尧, 刘丹, 代以春, 等. 医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属浸出的影响因素[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2007,33(7):38-39.