广西男性HIV阳性吸毒者现况调查
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摘要
目的了解广西男性HIV阳性吸毒者艾滋病相关知识、吸毒行为、与配偶或固定性伴的性行为情况等,为制定针对性防治策略提供科学依据,以更好地控制艾滋病经吸毒和性行为传播。方法筛选男性HIV阳性已婚或有固定性伴的吸毒者采用一对一的方式进行问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、吸毒及性行为等信息,并对其进行梅毒和生殖器疱疹病毒(HSV)的抽血检测同时提供相应的咨询和转介服务。结果对382名HIV阳性男性吸毒者进行了调查,调查对象平均年龄为(36.5±6.5)岁,教育程度以初中和小学为主,占91.6%;艾滋病相关知识知晓率为95.8%;3.4%曾做过包皮环切术;第一次吸毒的平均年龄为(23.1±6.0)岁,98.4%有过注射吸毒行为,其中93.1%共用注射器吸毒。62.5%的注射吸毒年限在10年以上,51.6%在接受美沙酮门诊治疗;82.5%把自身感染HIV的情况告诉了配偶/性伴;271名调查对象(70.9%)知道配偶/性伴的HIV感染情况,其中配偶/性伴为阳性者166人,占61.3%(166/271);得知自身感染HIV后每月与配偶/性伴同房次数和从不使用安全套的频率均有所下降(P<0.01);调查对象梅毒和生殖器疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)阳性检出率分别为6.3%、52.8%。结论应加强吸毒人群监测和行为干预,及早发现阳性病例及早告知,实施有效措施使之减少危险行为以减少艾滋病经吸毒者共用针具和性行为的传播。
Objective To investigate the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,drug addictive behaviors and sexual behavior with spouses or regular partners among male HIV-positive drug users in Guangxi,and to provide the scientific evidences for strategy planning of HIV/AIDS prevention and better control of the transmission by injecting drug use or sexual behaviors.Methods Face to face questionnaire survey was conducted among male HIV-positive drug users with spouses or permanent sexual partners in the study area.The information of social demographic features,awareness of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,drug abuse and sexual behavior were collected.Serological assay was used to detect the infection status of syphilis and genital herpes simplex virus(HSV).Meanwhile,the corresponding consultation and referral services were provided for the drug users.Results Totally,382 subjects participated in this survey.Their average age was(36.5±6.5) years.Most of them(91.6%) had an education level of elementary school and middle school.The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 95.8%.3.4% had circumcision.The average age of drug use for the first time was(23.1±6.0) years.98.4% had ever injected drugs,among whom 93.1% shared needles.62.5% injected drugs for over 10 years,and 51.6% were receving methadone treatment.82.5% told their HIV-positive status to their wives/partners.271(70.9%) knew their wives/partners' HIV status and 61.3% of their wives/partners were HIV-positive(166/271).The monthly frequency of sexual intercourse and the rate of non-use condom decreased after being told the HIV-positive status of their wives/partners(P<0.01).The infection rates of syphilis and HSV-2 were 6.3% and 52.8%,respectively.Conclusions Surveillance and behavior interventions on drug users should be strengthened.It is necessary to detect HIV infected population and inform them their test results as early as possible,to implement effective prevention and control approaches so as to reduce high-risk behaviors and better control the transmission by injecting drug use and sexual behavior.
Objective To investigate the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,drug addictive behaviors and sexual behavior with spouses or regular partners among male HIV-positive drug users in Guangxi,and to provide the scientific evidences for strategy planning of HIV/AIDS prevention and better control of the transmission by injecting drug use or sexual behaviors.Methods Face to face questionnaire survey was conducted among male HIV-positive drug users with spouses or permanent sexual partners in the study area.The information of social demographic features,awareness of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,drug abuse and sexual behavior were collected.Serological assay was used to detect the infection status of syphilis and genital herpes simplex virus(HSV).Meanwhile,the corresponding consultation and referral services were provided for the drug users.Results Totally,382 subjects participated in this survey.Their average age was(36.5±6.5) years.Most of them(91.6%) had an education level of elementary school and middle school.The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 95.8%.3.4% had circumcision.The average age of drug use for the first time was(23.1±6.0) years.98.4% had ever injected drugs,among whom 93.1% shared needles.62.5% injected drugs for over 10 years,and 51.6% were receving methadone treatment.82.5% told their HIV-positive status to their wives/partners.271(70.9%) knew their wives/partners' HIV status and 61.3% of their wives/partners were HIV-positive(166/271).The monthly frequency of sexual intercourse and the rate of non-use condom decreased after being told the HIV-positive status of their wives/partners(P<0.01).The infection rates of syphilis and HSV-2 were 6.3% and 52.8%,respectively.Conclusions Surveillance and behavior interventions on drug users should be strengthened.It is necessary to detect HIV infected population and inform them their test results as early as possible,to implement effective prevention and control approaches so as to reduce high-risk behaviors and better control the transmission by injecting drug use and sexual behavior.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国卫生部,联合国艾滋病规划署,世界卫生组织.2011年中国艾滋病疫情估计[J].中国艾滋病性病,2012,18(1):1-5.
[2]张艳辉,汤清波,王五红,等.我国针具交换预防吸毒人员艾滋病传播效果评价的Meta分析[J].实用预防医学,2011,18(8):1406-1409.
[3]陈曦.吸毒人群针具交换项目的发展与挑战[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(9):1440-1441,1432.
[4]高丽,刘玉芬,李晓春,等.云南省澜沧县HIV感染者和AIDS患者固定性伴告知情况及影响因素分析[J].疾病监测,2010,25(7):562-565.
[5]白立石,金芳,曾毅,等.三个省份中吸毒和有偿献血人群HIV感染者的现况调查[J].中国艾滋病性病,2007,13(3):227-229.
[6]何益新,王勇,阮玉华,等.固定性伴侣间HIV性传播的影响因素[J].中国艾滋病性病,2004,10(4):316-317.
[7]Donnell D,Baeten JM,Kiarie J,et al.Heterosexual HIV-1 trans-mission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy:a prospective cohortanalysis[J].Lancet,2010,375(9731):2092-2098.
[8]Bailey RC,Moses S,Parker CB,et al.Male circumcision for HIV pre-vention in young men in Kisumu,Kenya:a randomized controlled trial[J].Lancet,2007,369(9562):643-656.
[9]Weiss HA,Halperin D,Bailey RC,et al.Male circumcision for HIVprevention:from evidence to action[J].AIDS,2008,22(5):567-574.
[10]周芳华,韦波,杨晓波,等.广西吸毒者包皮环切接受意愿调查及影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2011,38(22):4583-4585,4588.
[2]张艳辉,汤清波,王五红,等.我国针具交换预防吸毒人员艾滋病传播效果评价的Meta分析[J].实用预防医学,2011,18(8):1406-1409.
[3]陈曦.吸毒人群针具交换项目的发展与挑战[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(9):1440-1441,1432.
[4]高丽,刘玉芬,李晓春,等.云南省澜沧县HIV感染者和AIDS患者固定性伴告知情况及影响因素分析[J].疾病监测,2010,25(7):562-565.
[5]白立石,金芳,曾毅,等.三个省份中吸毒和有偿献血人群HIV感染者的现况调查[J].中国艾滋病性病,2007,13(3):227-229.
[6]何益新,王勇,阮玉华,等.固定性伴侣间HIV性传播的影响因素[J].中国艾滋病性病,2004,10(4):316-317.
[7]Donnell D,Baeten JM,Kiarie J,et al.Heterosexual HIV-1 trans-mission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy:a prospective cohortanalysis[J].Lancet,2010,375(9731):2092-2098.
[8]Bailey RC,Moses S,Parker CB,et al.Male circumcision for HIV pre-vention in young men in Kisumu,Kenya:a randomized controlled trial[J].Lancet,2007,369(9562):643-656.
[9]Weiss HA,Halperin D,Bailey RC,et al.Male circumcision for HIVprevention:from evidence to action[J].AIDS,2008,22(5):567-574.
[10]周芳华,韦波,杨晓波,等.广西吸毒者包皮环切接受意愿调查及影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2011,38(22):4583-4585,4588.