省域乡村旅游扶贫重点村生态脆弱性评价——以福建省为例
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摘要
贫困与生态环境问题呈现强烈的相关性,为避免旅游扶贫重点村发展落入"贫困陷阱",有效地评价其生态脆弱性成为开展旅游扶贫和精准脱贫的重要前提。然而,当前鲜有将旅游扶贫与生态环境问题置于同一分析框架内,开展乡村旅游扶贫重点村生态脆弱性及其驱动因子研究的成果。以福建省472个全国乡村旅游扶贫重点村为样本,基于"成因-结果"模型构建生态脆弱性评价指标体系,采用空间主成分分析法测算样本生态脆弱性指数,并深入分析其空间分异与驱动因子。结果显示:重点村生态脆弱性指数平均值为4.84,总体处于轻度脆弱;30 m×30 m栅格单元生态脆弱性呈零散分布格局,空间分异不显著;极度和重度生态脆弱村主要分布在三明市、宁德市、南平市和龙岩市,并在宁德市和三明市形成3处高度脆弱核心区;餐饮和床位数、旅游基础设施状况、土壤侵蚀强度、人口密度、多年平均降水量、坡度、休闲农业园面积等为生态脆弱性主要驱动因子。
As two essential parts of sustainable development,poverty alleviation and environmental protection have strong correlation to each other. To avoid "poverty trap " of key villages of tourism poverty alleviation in development,the ecological vulnerability assessment of these villages have become an important precondition and basics of tourism poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation. However,few studies has aimed to integrate the tourism poverty alleviation and environmental protection to study the ecological vulnerability and its drivers. Therefore,by taking 472 key villages of tourism poverty alleviation in Fujian Province as case studies,this paper first develops an ecological vulnerability evaluation index system based on an a "cause-result "model and then estimates the ecological vulnerability index of the samples villages. In addition,the spatial differentiation and driving factors are analyzed in detail. The results show that: the average value of ecological vulnerability is 4.84,which means that the degree of the ecological vulnerability of key villages in FujianProvince is mildly fragile; the average ecological vulnerability value in a 30 m × 30 m grid indicates that the distribution of ecological vulnerability are scattered while the spatial differentiation is not significant. The extreme and severe eco-fragile villages are mainly located in Sanming,Ningde,Nanping,and Longyan,which form three core areas with distinct high vulnerability in Ningde and Sanming. The main drivers of ecological vulnerability include the number of tables and beds,the current situation of tourism infrastructure,soil erosion intensity,population density,average annual precipitation,slope,leisure,and the areas of agricultural park.
As two essential parts of sustainable development,poverty alleviation and environmental protection have strong correlation to each other. To avoid "poverty trap " of key villages of tourism poverty alleviation in development,the ecological vulnerability assessment of these villages have become an important precondition and basics of tourism poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation. However,few studies has aimed to integrate the tourism poverty alleviation and environmental protection to study the ecological vulnerability and its drivers. Therefore,by taking 472 key villages of tourism poverty alleviation in Fujian Province as case studies,this paper first develops an ecological vulnerability evaluation index system based on an a "cause-result "model and then estimates the ecological vulnerability index of the samples villages. In addition,the spatial differentiation and driving factors are analyzed in detail. The results show that: the average value of ecological vulnerability is 4.84,which means that the degree of the ecological vulnerability of key villages in FujianProvince is mildly fragile; the average ecological vulnerability value in a 30 m × 30 m grid indicates that the distribution of ecological vulnerability are scattered while the spatial differentiation is not significant. The extreme and severe eco-fragile villages are mainly located in Sanming,Ningde,Nanping,and Longyan,which form three core areas with distinct high vulnerability in Ningde and Sanming. The main drivers of ecological vulnerability include the number of tables and beds,the current situation of tourism infrastructure,soil erosion intensity,population density,average annual precipitation,slope,leisure,and the areas of agricultural park.
引文
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[8]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,马朋,杨予静,任庆水,张雯.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价.生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.
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[11]钟林生,唐承财,郭华.基于生态敏感性分析的金银滩草原景区旅游功能区划.应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1813-1819.
[12]杨美玲,李同昇,米文宝,周民良,王婷玉.宁夏限制开发区生态脆弱性评价及分类发展模式.水土保持通报,2014,34(4):236-242.
[13]党二莎,胡文佳,陈甘霖,马志远,陈彬,陈章群,刘文华.基于VSD模型的东山县海岸带区域生态脆弱性评价.海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):296-302.
[14]游巍斌,何东进,林立,王韧,蔡金标,王鹏,张中瑞,肖石红,郑晓燕.闽东滨海湿地生态脆弱性动态评价.福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2013,42(6):648-653.
[15]姚雄,余坤勇,刘健,杨素萍,何平,邓洋波,俞欣妍,陈樟昊.南方水土流失严重区的生态脆弱性时空演变.应用生态学报,2016,27(3):735-745.
[16]朱东国,谢炳庚,陈永林.基于生态敏感性评价的山地旅游城市旅游用地策略—以张家界市为例.经济地理,2015,35(6):184-189.
[17]郭宾,周忠发,苏维词,陈全,魏小岛.基于格网GIS的喀斯特山区草地生态脆弱性评价.水土保持通报,2014,34(2):204-207.
[18]Santos C F,Carvalho R,Andrade F. Quantitative assessment of the differential coastal vulnerability associated to oil spills. Journal of Coastal Conservation,2013,17(1):25-36.
[19]张德君,高航,杨俊,席建超,李雪铭.基于GIS的南四湖湿地生态脆弱性评价.资源科学,2014,36(4):874-882.
[20]赵跃龙,张玲娟.脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究.地理科学进展,1998,17(1):67-72.
[21]赵跃龙,刘燕华.中国脆弱生态环境分布及其与贫困的关系.人文地理,1996,11(2):245-251.
[22]孙道玮,陈田,姜野.山岳型旅游风景区生态脆弱性评价方法研究.东北师大学报:自然科学版,2005,37(4):131-135.
[23]南颖,吉喆,冯恒栋,张冲冲.基于遥感和地理信息系统的图们江地区生态安全评价.生态学报,2013,33(15):4790-4798.
[24]麻素挺,汤洁,林年丰.基于G1S与RS多源空间信息的吉林西部生态环境综合评价.资源科学,2004,26(4):140-145.
[25]祁新华,叶士琳,程煜,林荣平.生态脆弱区贫困与生态环境的博弈分析.生态学报,2013,33(19):6411-6417.
[26]蔡海生,张学玲,周丙娟.生态环境脆弱性动态评价的理论与方法.中国水土保持,2009,(2):18-22.
[2]Sharpley R. Poverty alleviation through tourism:A comprehensive and integrated approach. Tourism Management,2016,56:207-208.
[3]Gray L C,Moseley W G. A geographical perspective on poverty-environment interactions. Geographical Journal,2005,171(1):9-23.
[4]Reed D. Poverty and the environment:Can sustainable development survive globalization? Natural Resources Forum,2002,26(3):176-184.
[5]Lin M S,Xiao X N,Xu Y,Xie H B. The impact of water quality changes on tourism capacity at Golden Lake,China. Journal of Food,Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(2):1069-1072.
[6]Cao S X. Impact of China's large-scale ecological restoration program on the environment and society in arid and semiarid areas of China:Chievements,problems,synthesis,and applications. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2011,41(4):317-335.
[7]祁新华,林荣平,程煜,叶士琳.贫困与生态环境相互关系研究述评.地理科学,2013,33(12):1498-1505.
[8]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,马朋,杨予静,任庆水,张雯.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价.生态学报,2015,35(21):7117-7129.
[9]田亚平,常昊.中国生态脆弱性研究进展的文献计量分析.地理学报,2012,67(11):1515-1525.
[10]魏晓旭,赵军,魏伟,颉斌斌.中国县域单元生态脆弱性时空变化研究.环境科学学报,2016,36(2):726-739.
[11]钟林生,唐承财,郭华.基于生态敏感性分析的金银滩草原景区旅游功能区划.应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1813-1819.
[12]杨美玲,李同昇,米文宝,周民良,王婷玉.宁夏限制开发区生态脆弱性评价及分类发展模式.水土保持通报,2014,34(4):236-242.
[13]党二莎,胡文佳,陈甘霖,马志远,陈彬,陈章群,刘文华.基于VSD模型的东山县海岸带区域生态脆弱性评价.海洋环境科学,2017,36(2):296-302.
[14]游巍斌,何东进,林立,王韧,蔡金标,王鹏,张中瑞,肖石红,郑晓燕.闽东滨海湿地生态脆弱性动态评价.福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2013,42(6):648-653.
[15]姚雄,余坤勇,刘健,杨素萍,何平,邓洋波,俞欣妍,陈樟昊.南方水土流失严重区的生态脆弱性时空演变.应用生态学报,2016,27(3):735-745.
[16]朱东国,谢炳庚,陈永林.基于生态敏感性评价的山地旅游城市旅游用地策略—以张家界市为例.经济地理,2015,35(6):184-189.
[17]郭宾,周忠发,苏维词,陈全,魏小岛.基于格网GIS的喀斯特山区草地生态脆弱性评价.水土保持通报,2014,34(2):204-207.
[18]Santos C F,Carvalho R,Andrade F. Quantitative assessment of the differential coastal vulnerability associated to oil spills. Journal of Coastal Conservation,2013,17(1):25-36.
[19]张德君,高航,杨俊,席建超,李雪铭.基于GIS的南四湖湿地生态脆弱性评价.资源科学,2014,36(4):874-882.
[20]赵跃龙,张玲娟.脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究.地理科学进展,1998,17(1):67-72.
[21]赵跃龙,刘燕华.中国脆弱生态环境分布及其与贫困的关系.人文地理,1996,11(2):245-251.
[22]孙道玮,陈田,姜野.山岳型旅游风景区生态脆弱性评价方法研究.东北师大学报:自然科学版,2005,37(4):131-135.
[23]南颖,吉喆,冯恒栋,张冲冲.基于遥感和地理信息系统的图们江地区生态安全评价.生态学报,2013,33(15):4790-4798.
[24]麻素挺,汤洁,林年丰.基于G1S与RS多源空间信息的吉林西部生态环境综合评价.资源科学,2004,26(4):140-145.
[25]祁新华,叶士琳,程煜,林荣平.生态脆弱区贫困与生态环境的博弈分析.生态学报,2013,33(19):6411-6417.
[26]蔡海生,张学玲,周丙娟.生态环境脆弱性动态评价的理论与方法.中国水土保持,2009,(2):18-22.
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