基于生物多样性与生态系统服务功能的秦岭山系自然保护体系规划
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摘要
生物多样性与生态系统服务是目前生态保护的两大主要目标,在保护区体系规划设计中兼顾两个保护目标有助于发挥自然保护区的综合效益。以生物多样性与生态系统服务功能都重要的秦岭山系为研究区域,在生物多样性、水源涵养和土壤保持重要性评估的基础上,通过空缺分析,提出了秦岭山系的保护区体系优化方案。研究结果表明,现有的自然保护区保护了33.5%的生物多样性极重要区,22.9%的水源涵养极重要区,但是只保护了7.4%的土壤保持极重要区;建议在秦岭主峰、秦岭西部和东南部分别建立自然保护区群和生态功能保护区,保护区面积占秦岭山系总面积的31.4%,使生物多样性、水源涵养、土壤保持的极重要区的保护比例达76.2%、70.5%和41.5%,生态保护效益得到提升。研究结果可以为秦岭山系生态保护政策的制定提供参考,同时对于其他地区自然保护体系规划、以及国家公园构建也具有重要的借鉴意义。
Biodiversity and ecosystem services are the two major targets in ecological protection. Considering both biodiversity and ecosystem services in ecological protection designing will contribute to the comprehensive effects of protected area networks. In this study,biodiversity and ecosystem services,including water supply and soil retention,were evaluated in the Qinling Mountains. On the basis of these evaluations,gap analysis was carried out and a protected area network was proposed. The results showed that the current nature reserves covered 33.5% of the highly important area for biodiversity and 22.9% for water supply,but only 7.4% for soil retention. We propose to establish a protected area network that includes nature reserves and ecosystem service reserves in middle Qinling,Southwest Qinling,and Southeast Qinling.The protected area network will cover 31.4% of the entire Qinling area,and encompass a high proportion of highly important areas for biodiversity( 76.2%),water supply( 70.5%),and soil retention( 41.5%). The results of this study will providea basis for ecological conservation policy in these mountains,and also have implications for the establishment of protected area systems in other regions.
Biodiversity and ecosystem services are the two major targets in ecological protection. Considering both biodiversity and ecosystem services in ecological protection designing will contribute to the comprehensive effects of protected area networks. In this study,biodiversity and ecosystem services,including water supply and soil retention,were evaluated in the Qinling Mountains. On the basis of these evaluations,gap analysis was carried out and a protected area network was proposed. The results showed that the current nature reserves covered 33.5% of the highly important area for biodiversity and 22.9% for water supply,but only 7.4% for soil retention. We propose to establish a protected area network that includes nature reserves and ecosystem service reserves in middle Qinling,Southwest Qinling,and Southeast Qinling.The protected area network will cover 31.4% of the entire Qinling area,and encompass a high proportion of highly important areas for biodiversity( 76.2%),water supply( 70.5%),and soil retention( 41.5%). The results of this study will providea basis for ecological conservation policy in these mountains,and also have implications for the establishment of protected area systems in other regions.
引文
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[3]Bai Y,Zhuang C W,Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H,Jiang B.Spatial characteristics between biodiversity and ecosystem services in a human-dominated watershed.Ecological Complexity,2011,8(2):177-183.
[4]Díaz S,Lavorel S,de Bello F,Quétier F,Grigulis K,Robson T M.Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104(52):20684—20689.
[5]Anderson B J,Armsworth P R,Eigenbrod F,Thomas C D,Gillings S,Heinemeyer A,Roy D B,Gaston K J.Spatial covariance between biodiversity and other ecosystem service priorities.Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,46(4):888-896.
[6]Naidoo R,Balmford A,Costanza R,Fisher B,Green R E,Lehner B,Malcolm T R,Ricketts T H.Global mapping of ecosystem services and conservation priorities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(28):9495-9500.
[7]Chan K M A,Shaw M R,Cameron D R,Underwood E C,Daily G C.Conservation planning for ecosystem services.PLo S Biology,2006,4(11):e379.
[8]Chan K M A,Hoshizaki L,Klinkenberg B.Ecosystem services in conservation planning:less costly as costs and side-benefits.BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management,2011,12(1):98-100.
[9]Egoh B,Reyers B,Rouget M,Bode M,Richardson D M.Spatial congruence between biodiversity and ecosystem services in South Africa.Biological Conservation,2009,142(3):553-562.
[10]Goldman R L,Tallis H,Kareiva P,Daily G C.Field evidence that ecosystem service projects support biodiversity and diversify options.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(27):9445-9448.
[11]徐卫华,罗翀,欧阳志云,张路.区域自然保护区群规划——以秦岭山系为例.生态学报,2010,30(6):1648-1654.
[12]Xu W H,Vi1a A,Qi Z X,Ouyang Z Y,Liu J G,Liu W,Wan H.Evaluating conservation effectiveness of nature reserves established for surrogate species:case of a giant panda nature reserve in Qinling Mountains,China.Chinese Geographical Science,2014,24(1):60-70.
[13]环境保护部,中国科学院.关于发布《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》的公告.公告2013年第54号.北京:环境保护部,2013.
[14]环境保护部,中国科学院.关于发布《中国生物多样性红色名录——脊椎动物卷》的公告.公告2015年第32号.北京:环境保护部,2015.
[15]欧阳志云,刘建国,肖寒,谭迎春,张和民.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境评价.生态学报,2001,21(11):1869-1874.
[16]Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H,Xiao Y,Polasky S,Liu J G,Xu W H,Wang Q,Zhang L,Xiao Y,Rao E M,Jiang L,Lu F,Wang X K,Yang G B,Gong S H,Wu B F,Zeng Y,Yang W,Daily G C.Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital.Science,2016,352(6292):1455-1459.
[17]肖燚,陈圣宾,张路,岳平,欧阳志云,刘贤词.基于生态系统服务的海南岛自然保护区体系规划.生态学报,2011,31(24):7357-7369.