彩钢行业VOCs排放特征及O_3和SOA生成潜势
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摘要
采用固相吸附-热脱附-气质联用技术对浙江某市典型彩钢企业生产车间与废气处理装置进行了VOCs定量分析,获得了该行业的特征VOCs成分谱,并利用最大反应增量法(MIR)和气溶胶转化系数法(FAC)估算了彩钢行业各组分VOCs对臭氧(O_3)及二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的生成潜势.结果显示:该市彩钢行业VOCs成分复杂,酯类和醇类占比在50%以上;车间VOCs浓度水平受温度影响大,夏季浓度约为冬季浓度的1.6～4.2倍;通过对O_3和SOA的计算可知,芳烃类、醇类物质对O_3生成潜势贡献率分别为70.0%和28.05%,而SOA生成潜势完全由芳烃类物质提供.
To obtain the characteristic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) spectrum of the color steel industry, the quantitative analysis of VOCs in the production workshop and exhaust gas treatment equipment of a typical color steel enterprise of Zhejiang Province was carried out by sorbent adsorption-thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry method. And the maximum increment reactivity(MIR) and fractional aerosol coefficients(FAC) methods were used to estimate the ozone(O_3) and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation potential of VOCs. The composition of the waste gas in the color steel industry was complex, and the proportion of esters and alcohols was more than 50%. The concentration level of VOCs in workshop tended to be affected greatly by temperature, and in summer it was almost 1.6～4.2 times of that in winter. The ozone formation potential contribution rate of the aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols was 70.0% and 28.05%, respectively, while the SOA formation potential was totally contributed by aromatics.
To obtain the characteristic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) spectrum of the color steel industry, the quantitative analysis of VOCs in the production workshop and exhaust gas treatment equipment of a typical color steel enterprise of Zhejiang Province was carried out by sorbent adsorption-thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry method. And the maximum increment reactivity(MIR) and fractional aerosol coefficients(FAC) methods were used to estimate the ozone(O_3) and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation potential of VOCs. The composition of the waste gas in the color steel industry was complex, and the proportion of esters and alcohols was more than 50%. The concentration level of VOCs in workshop tended to be affected greatly by temperature, and in summer it was almost 1.6～4.2 times of that in winter. The ozone formation potential contribution rate of the aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols was 70.0% and 28.05%, respectively, while the SOA formation potential was totally contributed by aromatics.
引文
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[11]何梦林,肖海麟,陈小方,等.化工园区基于排放环节的VOCs排放特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):38-48.He M L,Xiao H L,Chen X F,et al.Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds in chemical industry park based on emission links[J].China Environment Science,2017,37(1):38-48.
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[14]杨杨,杨静,尹沙沙,等.珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):326-333.Yang Y,Yang J,Yin S S,et al.Speciated VOCs emission inventory and key species from printing industry inthe Pearl River Delta region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):326-333.
[15]莫梓伟,陆思华,李悦,等.北京市典型溶剂使用企业VOCs排放成分特征[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):374-380.Mo Z W,Lu S H,Li Y,et al.Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from typical solvent use factories in Beijing[J].China Environment Science,2015,35(2):374-380.
[16]HJ 734-2014固定污染源废气挥发性有机物的测定固定相吸附-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法[S].HJ 734-2014 Fixed source pollution-determination of volatile organic compounds-stationary phase adsorption-thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[S].
[17]HJ 644-2013环境空气挥发性有机物的测定吸附管采样-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法[S].HJ 644-2013 Ambient air determination of volatile organic compounds-adsorption tube sampling-thermal desorption/Gas chromatographymass spectrometry[S].
[18]GB 6287-1986分子筛静态水吸附测定方法[S].GB 6287-1986 Method of static water adsorption determination of molecular sieves[S].
[19]Grosjean Daniel.In situ organic aerosol formation during a smog episode:Estimated production and chemical functionality[J].Atmospheric Environment,1992,26(6):953-963.
[20]HJ 2027-2013催化燃烧法工业有机废气治理工程技术规范[S].HJ 2027-2013 Technical specifications for industrial organic waste gas treatment engineering by catalytic combustion[S].
[21]GB 16297-1996大气污染物综合排放标准[S].GB 16297-1996 Comprehensive emission standards for gas pollutants[S].
[22]DB33/2146-2018工业涂装工序大气污染物排放标准[S].DB33/2146-2018 Standards of air pollutant discharge in industrial coating process[S].
[23]刘芮伶,李礼,余家燕,等.重庆市夏秋季VOCs对臭氧和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的估算[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(8):1193-1200.Liu R L,Li L,Yu J Y,et al.Estimation of the Formation Potential of Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosols in Summer and Autumn in Chongqing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(8):1193-1200.
[2]张露露,蒋卫兵,张元勋,等.上海市青浦区大气挥发性有机化合物的特征[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3550-3561.Zhang L L,Jiang W B,Zhang Y X,et al.The characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in Qingpu Shanghai,China[J].China Environment Science,2015,35(12):3550-3561.
[3]张甜甜,柯国洲,陈志平,等.石化行业废气中挥发性有机污染物的调查[J].环境工程,2016,34(11):76-79.Zhang T T,Ke G Z,Chen Z P,et al.Investigation of the emission of volatile organic compounds relased from petrochemical industry[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(11):76-79.
[4]Bowman F M,Seinfeld J H.Fundamental basis of incremental reactivities of organics in ozone formation in VOC/NOx mixtures[J].Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(20):3359-3368..
[5]Carter W P L.Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds[J].Jair Waste Manass,1994,44(7):881-899.
[6]程晓娟,刘芯雨,杨文,等.天津临港某仓储公司VOCs排放特征及臭氧生成潜势[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(1):137-143.Cheng X J,Liu X Y,Yang W,et al.Emission Characteristics and Ozone Formation Potential of VOCs from a Warehousing Company in Lingang,Tianjin[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(1):137-143.
[7]徐敬,马建中.北京地区有机物种人为源排放量及O3生成潜势估算[J].中国科学:化学,2013,(1):104-115.Xu J,Ma J Z.Estimation of anthropogenic emissions and formation potential of ozone of organic species in Beijing[J].Scientia Sinica Chimica,2013,(1):104-115.
[8]于艳,王秀艳,杨文.天津市机动车二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的估算[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):381-386.Yu Y,Wang X Y,Yang W.Estimate of vehicles generation of secondary organic aerosols of Tianjin[J].China Environment Science,2015,35(2):381-386.
[9]邹宇,邓雪娇,王伯光,等.广州番禺大气成分站挥发性有机物的污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(5):808-813.Zou Y,Deng X J,Wang B G,et al.Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds in Panyu Composition Station[J].China Environment Science,2013,33(5):808-813.
[10]Zhang Q,Wu L,Fang X Z,et al.Emission factors of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)based on the detailed vehicle classification in a tunnel study[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,624:878-886.
[11]何梦林,肖海麟,陈小方,等.化工园区基于排放环节的VOCs排放特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):38-48.He M L,Xiao H L,Chen X F,et al.Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds in chemical industry park based on emission links[J].China Environment Science,2017,37(1):38-48.
[12]马英歌.印刷电路板(PCB)厂挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放指示物筛选[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):2967-2972.Ma Y G.Composition and characteristics of volatile organic chemicals emission from printed circuit board factories[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2012,33(9):2967-2972.
[13]王伯光,冯志诚,周炎,等.聚氨酯合成革厂空气中挥发性有机物的成分谱[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(9):914-918.Wang B G,Feng Z C,Zhou Y,et al.VOC components in the air caused by the local polyurethane synthetic leather industries in the Pearl River Delta region[J].China Environment Science,2009,29(9):914-918.
[14]杨杨,杨静,尹沙沙,等.珠江三角洲印刷行业VOCs组分排放清单及关键活性组分[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):326-333.Yang Y,Yang J,Yin S S,et al.Speciated VOCs emission inventory and key species from printing industry inthe Pearl River Delta region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):326-333.
[15]莫梓伟,陆思华,李悦,等.北京市典型溶剂使用企业VOCs排放成分特征[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):374-380.Mo Z W,Lu S H,Li Y,et al.Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from typical solvent use factories in Beijing[J].China Environment Science,2015,35(2):374-380.
[16]HJ 734-2014固定污染源废气挥发性有机物的测定固定相吸附-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法[S].HJ 734-2014 Fixed source pollution-determination of volatile organic compounds-stationary phase adsorption-thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[S].
[17]HJ 644-2013环境空气挥发性有机物的测定吸附管采样-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法[S].HJ 644-2013 Ambient air determination of volatile organic compounds-adsorption tube sampling-thermal desorption/Gas chromatographymass spectrometry[S].
[18]GB 6287-1986分子筛静态水吸附测定方法[S].GB 6287-1986 Method of static water adsorption determination of molecular sieves[S].
[19]Grosjean Daniel.In situ organic aerosol formation during a smog episode:Estimated production and chemical functionality[J].Atmospheric Environment,1992,26(6):953-963.
[20]HJ 2027-2013催化燃烧法工业有机废气治理工程技术规范[S].HJ 2027-2013 Technical specifications for industrial organic waste gas treatment engineering by catalytic combustion[S].
[21]GB 16297-1996大气污染物综合排放标准[S].GB 16297-1996 Comprehensive emission standards for gas pollutants[S].
[22]DB33/2146-2018工业涂装工序大气污染物排放标准[S].DB33/2146-2018 Standards of air pollutant discharge in industrial coating process[S].
[23]刘芮伶,李礼,余家燕,等.重庆市夏秋季VOCs对臭氧和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的估算[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(8):1193-1200.Liu R L,Li L,Yu J Y,et al.Estimation of the Formation Potential of Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosols in Summer and Autumn in Chongqing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(8):1193-1200.