隧道工作面稳定性与滑移线网破坏模式研究
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摘要
针对隧道工作面稳定性和破坏模式问题,从保守角度将其假定为沿隧道纵向中线剖开的二维平面应变模型,采用刚体平动运动单元上限有限元法(UBFEM-RTME)开展分析研究,绘制了土体自重作用下地层临界失稳状态对应的隧道工作面稳定系数N_(cr)图表和有效间断线网(近似滑移线网)破坏模式,探讨了埋深比H/D、内摩擦角j和剪胀角ψ等参数影响规律,给出了N_(cr)与H/D和j影响因素的拟合公式,进一步揭示了有效间断线数目及位置分布等网格参数对计算精度的影响程度。研究表明UBFEM-RTME数值计算配合网格更新策略并保证合理充足的网格密度,能提高N_(cr)上限解精度并捕获高密度有效间断线网破坏模式,其分析结果可用于评价隧道工作面稳定性、揭示极限失稳破坏形态的主要特征,为地层预加固方案制定等工作提供一定理论支撑。
The stability and collapse mechanism of tunnel faces are simplified conservatively to two-dimensional plane strain models along the longitudinal middle line of tunnel. Using the upper bound finite element method with rigid translatory moving element(UBFEM-RTME), a series of stability factors N_(cr) and collapse mechanisms displayed with active discontinuities are deduced. The influences of dimensionless buried depth ratio H/D, internal friction angle j and dilatancy angle ψ on the variations of N_(cr) and mesh-like collapse mechanisms that are identical to the form of slip lines are discussed. A fitting formula of N_(cr) for the influence factors H/D and j is deduced, and the effects of numbers and locations of active discontinuities are also investigated. This study illustrates that the UBFEM-RTME with combination of mesh adaptive updating strategies and reasonable and sufficient mesh density can improve the accuracy of the obtained N_(cr) values and the refinement of mesh-like collapse mechanism. The results reveal the main characteristics of the ultimate collapse mechanisms of tunnel faces, and they can provide theoretical supports for the stability evaluations of tunnel faces and pre-reinforcement scheme of soil strata.
The stability and collapse mechanism of tunnel faces are simplified conservatively to two-dimensional plane strain models along the longitudinal middle line of tunnel. Using the upper bound finite element method with rigid translatory moving element(UBFEM-RTME), a series of stability factors N_(cr) and collapse mechanisms displayed with active discontinuities are deduced. The influences of dimensionless buried depth ratio H/D, internal friction angle j and dilatancy angle ψ on the variations of N_(cr) and mesh-like collapse mechanisms that are identical to the form of slip lines are discussed. A fitting formula of N_(cr) for the influence factors H/D and j is deduced, and the effects of numbers and locations of active discontinuities are also investigated. This study illustrates that the UBFEM-RTME with combination of mesh adaptive updating strategies and reasonable and sufficient mesh density can improve the accuracy of the obtained N_(cr) values and the refinement of mesh-like collapse mechanism. The results reveal the main characteristics of the ultimate collapse mechanisms of tunnel faces, and they can provide theoretical supports for the stability evaluations of tunnel faces and pre-reinforcement scheme of soil strata.
引文
[1]ATKINSON J H,POTTS D M.Stability of shallow tunnel in cohesionless soil[J].Géotechnique,1977,27(2):203-215.
[2]吕玺琳,周运才,李冯缔.粉砂地层盾构隧道开挖面稳定性离心试验及数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2016,37(11):3324-3328.(LüXi-lin,ZHOU Yun-cai,LI Feng-di.Centrifuge model test and numerical simulation of stability of excavation face of shield tunnel in silty sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(11):3324-3328.(in Chinese))
[3]VERMEER P A,RUSE N,MARCHER T.Tunnel heading stability in drained ground[J].Felsbau,2002,20(8):8-18.
[4]朱伟,秦建设,卢廷浩.砂土中盾构开挖面变形与破坏数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):897-902.(ZHU Wei,QIN Jian-she,LU Ting-hao.Numerical study o-n face movement and collapse around shield tunnels in sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):897-902.(in Chinese))
[5]孙潇昊,缪林昌,林海山.不同埋深盾构隧道开挖面稳定问题数值模拟[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(1):164-169.(SUN Xiao-hao,MIAO Lin-chang,LIN Hai-shan.Numerical simulation research on excavation face stability of different depths of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2017,47(1):164-169.(in Chinese))
[6]LI Y,EMERIAULT F,KASTNER R,et al.Stability analysis of large slurry shield-driven tunnel in soft clay[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(4):472-481.
[7]吕玺琳,王浩然,黄茂松.盾构隧道开挖面稳定极限理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,33(1):57-62.(LüXi-lin,WANGHao-ran,HUANG Mao-song.Limit theoretical study on face stability of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,33(1):57-62.(in Chinese))
[8]陈仁朋,齐立志,汤旅军,等.砂土地层盾构隧道开挖面被动破坏极限支护力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(1):2877-2882.(CHEN Ren-peng,QI Li-zhi,TANGLü-jun,et al.Sand formation of shelid tunnel excavation face passive failure limit supporting force[J].Joural of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(1):2877-2882.(in Chinese))
[9]赵明华,毛韬,牛浩懿,等.上硬下软地层盾构隧道开挖面极限支护力分析[J].湖南大学学报(自科科学版),2016,43(1):103-109.(ZHAO Ming-hua,MAO Tao,NIUHao-yi.et al.Analysis of limit supporting force of tunnel excavation face for shield machine in upper-hard lower-soft ground[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Science),2016,43(1):103-109.(in Chinese))
[10]DAVIS E H,GUNN M J,MAIR R J et al.The stability of shallow tunnel and underground openings in cohesive material[J].Géotechnique,1980,30(4):397-416.
[11]SLOAN S W,ASSADI A.Undrained stability of a plane strain heading[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1994,31:443-500.
[12]AUGARDE C E,LYAMIN A V,SLOAN S W.Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30(5):419-430.
[13]KLAR A,OSMAN A S,BOLTON M.2D and 3D upper bound solutions for tunnel excavation using elastic flow fields[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytucal Methods in Geomechanics,2007,31:1367-1374.
[14]HUANG M S,SONG C X.Upper-bound stability analysis of a plane strain heading in non-homogeneous clay[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2013,38(9):213-223.
[15]LECA E,DORMIEUX L.Upper and lower bound solutions for the face stability of shallow circular tunnels in frictional material[J].Géotechnique,1990,40(4):581-606.
[16]SOUBRA A H.Three-dimensional face stability analysis of shallow circular tunnels[C]//International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.Melbourne,2000.
[17]杨峰.浅埋隧道围岩稳定性的极限分析上限法研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.(YANG Feng.Investigation of shallow tunnel stability using upper bound solution of limit analysis[D].Changsha:Central South University,2009.(in Chinese))
[18]杨峰,阳军生,赵炼恒.浅埋隧道工作面破坏模式与支护反力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(2):279-284.(YANG Feng,YANG Jun-sheng,ZHAO Lian-heng.Collapse mechanism and support pressure for shallow tunnel face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(2):279-284.(in Chinese))
[19]YANG F,ZHANG J,ZHAO L H,et al.Upper-bound finite element analysis of stability of tunnel face subjected to surcharge loading in cohesive-frictional soil[J].Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering,2016,20(6):2270-2279.
[20]阳军生,张箭,杨峰.浅埋隧道掌子面稳定性二维自适应上限有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):257-264.(YANG Jun-sheng,ZHANG Jian,YANG Feng.Stability analysis of shallow tunnel face using two-dimensional finite element upper bound solution with mesh adaptation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):257-264.(in Chinese))
[21]王金麒,李林安,陈茜,等.水平分层土质条件下浅埋隧道掌子面支护稳定性研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,36(2):196-204.(WANG Jin-qi,LI Lin-an,CHEN Qian,et al.Supporting security research of shallow tunnel face in horizontal layered soil conditions[J].Journal of Disater Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,36(2):196-204.(in Chinese))
[22]杨峰,赵炼恒,张箭,等.基于刚体平动运动单元的上限有限元研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(6):1782-1786.(YANG Feng,ZHAO Lian-heng,ZHANG Jian,et al.Investigation of finite element upper bound solution based on rigid translatory moving element[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1782-1786.(in Chinese))
[23]BROMS B B,BENNERMARK H.Stability of clay in vertical openings[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1967,193:71-94.
[24]DRESCHER A,DETOURNAY E.Limit load in translational failure mechanisms for associative and non-associative materials[J].Géotechnique,1993,43(3):443-456.
[2]吕玺琳,周运才,李冯缔.粉砂地层盾构隧道开挖面稳定性离心试验及数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2016,37(11):3324-3328.(LüXi-lin,ZHOU Yun-cai,LI Feng-di.Centrifuge model test and numerical simulation of stability of excavation face of shield tunnel in silty sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(11):3324-3328.(in Chinese))
[3]VERMEER P A,RUSE N,MARCHER T.Tunnel heading stability in drained ground[J].Felsbau,2002,20(8):8-18.
[4]朱伟,秦建设,卢廷浩.砂土中盾构开挖面变形与破坏数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):897-902.(ZHU Wei,QIN Jian-she,LU Ting-hao.Numerical study o-n face movement and collapse around shield tunnels in sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):897-902.(in Chinese))
[5]孙潇昊,缪林昌,林海山.不同埋深盾构隧道开挖面稳定问题数值模拟[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(1):164-169.(SUN Xiao-hao,MIAO Lin-chang,LIN Hai-shan.Numerical simulation research on excavation face stability of different depths of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2017,47(1):164-169.(in Chinese))
[6]LI Y,EMERIAULT F,KASTNER R,et al.Stability analysis of large slurry shield-driven tunnel in soft clay[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2009,24(4):472-481.
[7]吕玺琳,王浩然,黄茂松.盾构隧道开挖面稳定极限理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,33(1):57-62.(LüXi-lin,WANGHao-ran,HUANG Mao-song.Limit theoretical study on face stability of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,33(1):57-62.(in Chinese))
[8]陈仁朋,齐立志,汤旅军,等.砂土地层盾构隧道开挖面被动破坏极限支护力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(1):2877-2882.(CHEN Ren-peng,QI Li-zhi,TANGLü-jun,et al.Sand formation of shelid tunnel excavation face passive failure limit supporting force[J].Joural of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(1):2877-2882.(in Chinese))
[9]赵明华,毛韬,牛浩懿,等.上硬下软地层盾构隧道开挖面极限支护力分析[J].湖南大学学报(自科科学版),2016,43(1):103-109.(ZHAO Ming-hua,MAO Tao,NIUHao-yi.et al.Analysis of limit supporting force of tunnel excavation face for shield machine in upper-hard lower-soft ground[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Science),2016,43(1):103-109.(in Chinese))
[10]DAVIS E H,GUNN M J,MAIR R J et al.The stability of shallow tunnel and underground openings in cohesive material[J].Géotechnique,1980,30(4):397-416.
[11]SLOAN S W,ASSADI A.Undrained stability of a plane strain heading[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1994,31:443-500.
[12]AUGARDE C E,LYAMIN A V,SLOAN S W.Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30(5):419-430.
[13]KLAR A,OSMAN A S,BOLTON M.2D and 3D upper bound solutions for tunnel excavation using elastic flow fields[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytucal Methods in Geomechanics,2007,31:1367-1374.
[14]HUANG M S,SONG C X.Upper-bound stability analysis of a plane strain heading in non-homogeneous clay[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2013,38(9):213-223.
[15]LECA E,DORMIEUX L.Upper and lower bound solutions for the face stability of shallow circular tunnels in frictional material[J].Géotechnique,1990,40(4):581-606.
[16]SOUBRA A H.Three-dimensional face stability analysis of shallow circular tunnels[C]//International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.Melbourne,2000.
[17]杨峰.浅埋隧道围岩稳定性的极限分析上限法研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.(YANG Feng.Investigation of shallow tunnel stability using upper bound solution of limit analysis[D].Changsha:Central South University,2009.(in Chinese))
[18]杨峰,阳军生,赵炼恒.浅埋隧道工作面破坏模式与支护反力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(2):279-284.(YANG Feng,YANG Jun-sheng,ZHAO Lian-heng.Collapse mechanism and support pressure for shallow tunnel face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(2):279-284.(in Chinese))
[19]YANG F,ZHANG J,ZHAO L H,et al.Upper-bound finite element analysis of stability of tunnel face subjected to surcharge loading in cohesive-frictional soil[J].Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering,2016,20(6):2270-2279.
[20]阳军生,张箭,杨峰.浅埋隧道掌子面稳定性二维自适应上限有限元分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):257-264.(YANG Jun-sheng,ZHANG Jian,YANG Feng.Stability analysis of shallow tunnel face using two-dimensional finite element upper bound solution with mesh adaptation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):257-264.(in Chinese))
[21]王金麒,李林安,陈茜,等.水平分层土质条件下浅埋隧道掌子面支护稳定性研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,36(2):196-204.(WANG Jin-qi,LI Lin-an,CHEN Qian,et al.Supporting security research of shallow tunnel face in horizontal layered soil conditions[J].Journal of Disater Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,36(2):196-204.(in Chinese))
[22]杨峰,赵炼恒,张箭,等.基于刚体平动运动单元的上限有限元研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(6):1782-1786.(YANG Feng,ZHAO Lian-heng,ZHANG Jian,et al.Investigation of finite element upper bound solution based on rigid translatory moving element[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1782-1786.(in Chinese))
[23]BROMS B B,BENNERMARK H.Stability of clay in vertical openings[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1967,193:71-94.
[24]DRESCHER A,DETOURNAY E.Limit load in translational failure mechanisms for associative and non-associative materials[J].Géotechnique,1993,43(3):443-456.