海河流域水资源开发利用阈值研究
|
摘要
针对中国水资源开发利用程度较高等问题,在水资源耗减、水环境退化等价值量核算方面开展研究,提出合理的水资源开发利用阈值。以联合国综合环境经济核算体系为基础,从水资源开发利用带来的正面效益和负面效益两方面入手,通过构建水资源环境经济效益评价模型(EMW),分析经水资源耗减和水环境退化价值调整后国内产出(WEDP),并从社会福利最大化角度,提出将WEDP最大化目标下的用水量作为合理的水资源开发利用阈值。经评价,海河流域现状和2020年合理的水资源开发利用阈值分别为292亿m3和287亿m3。结果表明,海河流域已经超过了其开发利用阈值,对水生态环境系统造成了负面影响。
Aimed at addressing the problem of overexploitation of water resources,the current study focuses on the issues concerning economic accounting for water resources and its depletion and environmental degradation.The reasonable threshold value can thus be determined for water resources development and utilization.Based on the UN System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting(SEEA) tool,an evaluation model is developed to estimate the water environment adjusted net domestic product(WEDP) after consideration of the consequences of water resources depletion and degradation.The pros and cons of water resources depletion and degradation are considered in the model development.The maximization of WEDP is set for the objective of water consumption,and is used as the reasonable threshold value for water resources development and utilization.For the Haihe River basin,the current and 2020 threshold values should be 29.2 billion m3 and 28.7 billion m3,respectively.However,the status quo on water resources development and utilization has already exceeded these reasonable threshold values,causing eco-environment damages across the basin.
Aimed at addressing the problem of overexploitation of water resources,the current study focuses on the issues concerning economic accounting for water resources and its depletion and environmental degradation.The reasonable threshold value can thus be determined for water resources development and utilization.Based on the UN System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting(SEEA) tool,an evaluation model is developed to estimate the water environment adjusted net domestic product(WEDP) after consideration of the consequences of water resources depletion and degradation.The pros and cons of water resources depletion and degradation are considered in the model development.The maximization of WEDP is set for the objective of water consumption,and is used as the reasonable threshold value for water resources development and utilization.For the Haihe River basin,the current and 2020 threshold values should be 29.2 billion m3 and 28.7 billion m3,respectively.However,the status quo on water resources development and utilization has already exceeded these reasonable threshold values,causing eco-environment damages across the basin.
引文
[1]任宪韶.海河流域水资源评价[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:27,108,329.(REN Xianshao.Water resources evalu-ation on Hai River basin[M].Beijing:China WaterPower Press,2007:27,108,329.(in Chinese))
[2]甘泓,高敏雪.创建我国水资源环境经济核算体系的基础和思路[J].中国水利,2008(17):1-5.(GAN Hong,GAO Minxue.Basis and thoughts on creating the system of environmental-economic accounting for water(SEEAW)of China[J].China Water Re-sources,2008(17):1-5.(in Chinese))
[3]陈明忠,何海,陆桂华.水资源承载能力阈值空间研究[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(6):6-8.(CHEN Mingzhong,HE Hai,LU Guihua.Study on threshold value space of water resources carrying capacity[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2005,36(6):6-8.(in Chinese))
[4]高敏雪,许健,周景博.综合环境经济核算:基本理论与中国应用[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.(GAO Minxue,XUJian,ZHOU Jingbo.Integrated environmental and economic accounting-basic theory and application in China[M].Beijing:Eco-nomic Science Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[5]甘泓,秦长海,卢琼,等.水资源耗减成本计算方法[J].水利学报,2011,42(1):40-47.(GAN Hong,QIN Changhai,LUQiong,et al.Study on calculation method of water resources depletion cost[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(1):40-47.(in Chinese))
[6]JIA Ling,QIN Changhai,GAN Hong.Method for cost evaluation of the environmental degradation of water[J].Advanced MaterialsResearch,2012,361/362/363:1627-1633.
[7]张诚,严登华,郝彩莲,等.水的生态服务功能研究进展及关键支撑技术[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):126-134.(ZHANG Cheng,YAN Denghua,HAO Cailian,et al.Advances in water ecosystem service study and its key supporting technolo-gies[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(1):126-134.(in Chinese))
[8]卢琼,甘泓,张象明,等.水资源耗减量概念及其分析方法[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1401-1406.(LU Qiong,GANHong,ZHANG Xiangming,et al.Concept and calculation approach of water depletion[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(12):1401-1406.(in Chinese))
[9]秦长海,甘泓,卢琼,等.基于SEEAW混合账户的用水经济机制研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(10):1150-1156.(QINChanghai,GAN Hong,LU Qiong,et al.Study on economic mechanism of water usage based on hybrid account in SEEAW[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(10):1150-1156.(in Chinese))
[10]曹寅白,甘泓,汪林,等.海河流域水循环多维临界整体调控阈值与模式[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(CAO Yinbai,GAN Hong,WANG Lin,et al.Multi-dimensional overall regulatory modes and threshold values for water cycle of the Haihe Riverbasin[R].Beijing:Science Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[11]王浩,陈敏建,唐克旺.水生态环境价值和保护对策[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:121-122.(WANG Hao,CHENMinjian,TANG Kewang.Value protection countermeasures of water ecological environment[M].Beijing:Tsinghua UniversityPress,2004:121-122.(in Chinese))
[12]中国水资源环境经济核算研究课题组.中国水资源环境经济核算专题研究[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2009.(Study Team of SEEAW in China.Special study on SEEAW in China[R].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-power Research,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]甘泓,高敏雪.创建我国水资源环境经济核算体系的基础和思路[J].中国水利,2008(17):1-5.(GAN Hong,GAO Minxue.Basis and thoughts on creating the system of environmental-economic accounting for water(SEEAW)of China[J].China Water Re-sources,2008(17):1-5.(in Chinese))
[3]陈明忠,何海,陆桂华.水资源承载能力阈值空间研究[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(6):6-8.(CHEN Mingzhong,HE Hai,LU Guihua.Study on threshold value space of water resources carrying capacity[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2005,36(6):6-8.(in Chinese))
[4]高敏雪,许健,周景博.综合环境经济核算:基本理论与中国应用[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.(GAO Minxue,XUJian,ZHOU Jingbo.Integrated environmental and economic accounting-basic theory and application in China[M].Beijing:Eco-nomic Science Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[5]甘泓,秦长海,卢琼,等.水资源耗减成本计算方法[J].水利学报,2011,42(1):40-47.(GAN Hong,QIN Changhai,LUQiong,et al.Study on calculation method of water resources depletion cost[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(1):40-47.(in Chinese))
[6]JIA Ling,QIN Changhai,GAN Hong.Method for cost evaluation of the environmental degradation of water[J].Advanced MaterialsResearch,2012,361/362/363:1627-1633.
[7]张诚,严登华,郝彩莲,等.水的生态服务功能研究进展及关键支撑技术[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):126-134.(ZHANG Cheng,YAN Denghua,HAO Cailian,et al.Advances in water ecosystem service study and its key supporting technolo-gies[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(1):126-134.(in Chinese))
[8]卢琼,甘泓,张象明,等.水资源耗减量概念及其分析方法[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1401-1406.(LU Qiong,GANHong,ZHANG Xiangming,et al.Concept and calculation approach of water depletion[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(12):1401-1406.(in Chinese))
[9]秦长海,甘泓,卢琼,等.基于SEEAW混合账户的用水经济机制研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(10):1150-1156.(QINChanghai,GAN Hong,LU Qiong,et al.Study on economic mechanism of water usage based on hybrid account in SEEAW[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(10):1150-1156.(in Chinese))
[10]曹寅白,甘泓,汪林,等.海河流域水循环多维临界整体调控阈值与模式[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(CAO Yinbai,GAN Hong,WANG Lin,et al.Multi-dimensional overall regulatory modes and threshold values for water cycle of the Haihe Riverbasin[R].Beijing:Science Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[11]王浩,陈敏建,唐克旺.水生态环境价值和保护对策[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:121-122.(WANG Hao,CHENMinjian,TANG Kewang.Value protection countermeasures of water ecological environment[M].Beijing:Tsinghua UniversityPress,2004:121-122.(in Chinese))
[12]中国水资源环境经济核算研究课题组.中国水资源环境经济核算专题研究[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2009.(Study Team of SEEAW in China.Special study on SEEAW in China[R].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-power Research,2009.(in Chinese))