中国环境政策变迁逻辑与展望——基于共词与聚类分析
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摘要
基于环境污染的负外部性,政府需要以环境政策等社会规制手段进行治理。自1973年以来,国家及各部委先后颁布了三千余项环境政策(不包括各省市区的环境政策),用以全面推进环境治理,提高我国环境质量。运用共词与聚类分析的研究方法可以展示政策聚焦点的变迁轨迹,反映出我国环境政策的变迁逻辑。研究发现:中国环境政策变迁经历了"开创"、"调整"、"战略发展"、"深化"和"稳定成熟"五个阶段,显示中国环境污染治理尤其是大气污染治理能力日益提升。同时表明,生态保护政策在特定时期成为政策热点、环境影响评价制度日趋完善以及环保标准体系日益健全等政策演进规律,这对以后的生态环境政策的制定与执行具有重要的启示意义。
Considering the negative externality of environmental pollution,the government needs to control it by means of social regulation such as environmental policy.Since 1973,the state and various ministries and commissions have promulgated more than 3,000 environmental policies to comprehensively promote environmental governance and improve the quality of China's environment,excluding those promulgated at the provincial and municipal level.The research methods of co-word and cluster analysis can show the change of policy focus and reflect the logic ofchange of China's environmental policy.It is found that the changes of China's environmental policy have gone through five stages of "initiation" ",adjustment" ", strategic development" ", deepening" and " stability and maturity",which shows that China's environmental pollution control capacity,especially the air pollution control capacity,is increasingly improving.The environmental policies follow an evolution rule in which the ecological protection policy becomes the policy hot spot in a specific time;the environmental impact assessment system and the environmental protection standard system are increasingly improved,which has an important enlightenment to the making and implementation of the future policies of ecological environment.
Considering the negative externality of environmental pollution,the government needs to control it by means of social regulation such as environmental policy.Since 1973,the state and various ministries and commissions have promulgated more than 3,000 environmental policies to comprehensively promote environmental governance and improve the quality of China's environment,excluding those promulgated at the provincial and municipal level.The research methods of co-word and cluster analysis can show the change of policy focus and reflect the logic ofchange of China's environmental policy.It is found that the changes of China's environmental policy have gone through five stages of "initiation" ",adjustment" ", strategic development" ", deepening" and " stability and maturity",which shows that China's environmental pollution control capacity,especially the air pollution control capacity,is increasingly improving.The environmental policies follow an evolution rule in which the ecological protection policy becomes the policy hot spot in a specific time;the environmental impact assessment system and the environmental protection standard system are increasingly improved,which has an important enlightenment to the making and implementation of the future policies of ecological environment.
引文
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[2]蔡守秋.环境政策学[M].北京:北京科技出版社,2009:23-30.
[3]李康.环境政策学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:57-59.
[4]张连辉,赵凌云.1953-2003年间中国环境保护政策的历史演变[J].中国经济史研究,2007(4):63-72.
[5]何劭玥.党的十八大以来中国环境政策新发展探析[J].思想战线,2017(1):93-100.
[6]周宏春,季曦.改革开放三十年中国环境保护政策演变[J].南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学),2009(1):31-40.
[7]罗金泉,白华英,杨亚妮.改革开放以来中国环境政策的变革及启示[J].中国科技论坛,2003(2):108-113.
[8]叶鸿蔚,高雅雯.我国环境政策演变的特点和发展趋势[J].理论导刊,2013(4):92-94.
[9]叶娟丽,韩瑞波,王亚茹.我国环境治理政策的研究路径与演变规律分析---基于CNKI论文的文献计量分析[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):76-83.
[10]孙宝乐,胡美灵.我国环境政策的演变分析与改进研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014(1):120-124.
[11]吴荻,武春友.建国以来中国环境政策的演进分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006(4):48-52.
[12]程华,廖中举.中国环境政策演变及其对企业环境创新绩效影响的实证研究[J].技术经济,2010(11):8-13.
[13]徐一方,许鑫,张秀敏.基于词频计算原理的环境政策分析与评价[J].中国科技论坛,2014(7):37-43.
[14]郑石明.基于文献计量的环境政策研究动态追踪[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2016(2):154-162.
[15]王飒,包丽颖.基于文献计量的共词分析方法及应用述评[J].情报科学,2014(4):150-154.
[16]李颖,贾二鹏,马力.国内外共词分析研究综述[J].新世纪图书馆,2012(1):23-27.
[17]范少萍,李迎迎,张志强.国内外共词分析研究的文献计量分析[J].情报杂志,2013(9):104-109.
[18]蔡守秋.论中国的环境政策[J].环境导报,1997(6):1-5.
[19]CALLON M,LAW J,RIP A.Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology[M].The Macmillan Press,1986:120-123.
[20]《中国环境保护行政二十年》编委会.中国环境保护行政二十年[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994:10-11.
[21]国家环境保护局.国家环境保护“九五”计划和2010年远景目标[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996:12-13.
[22]周英男,李洁,曲毅.中国现有生态政策存在问题及对策研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013(S1):95-98.