西北太平洋2001—2014年热带气旋结构变化的环境垂直风切变和水汽场统计
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摘要
利用Best Track资料、TRMM卫星资料和NCEP再分析资料中2001—2014年西北太平洋海域385个热带气旋(TC)的4967个观测记录,将TC结构变化分成9类,并分析TC结构变化对垂直风切变和水汽场的响应。结果表明,西北太平洋强度增大的TC主要伴随东风切变,强度减小的TC主要伴随西风切变。在较强的垂直风切变(v>5 m/s)作用下,TC的结构变化没有明显的水汽异常;而在较弱的垂直风切变(v≤5 m/s)作用下,"增强增大"("缩小减弱")的TC伴随着正(负)水汽异常。
A total of 4967 observations of 385 tropical cyclones(TCs) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2014 from the Best Track data, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) satellite data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) reanalysis data were classified to compare and analyze the response of environmental vertical wind shear and water vapor field on TC structural change. The results show that intensify TCs are mainly accompanied by east wind shear, and weaken TCs are mainly accompanied by west wind shear. Under the strong vertical wind shear(v > 5 m/s), there is no obvious water vapor anomaly on TC structural change. Under the weak vertical wind shear(v ≤ 5 m/s), the intensify(weaken) TC is accompanied by positive(negative) water vapor anomaly.
A total of 4967 observations of 385 tropical cyclones(TCs) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2014 from the Best Track data, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) satellite data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) reanalysis data were classified to compare and analyze the response of environmental vertical wind shear and water vapor field on TC structural change. The results show that intensify TCs are mainly accompanied by east wind shear, and weaken TCs are mainly accompanied by west wind shear. Under the strong vertical wind shear(v > 5 m/s), there is no obvious water vapor anomaly on TC structural change. Under the weak vertical wind shear(v ≤ 5 m/s), the intensify(weaken) TC is accompanied by positive(negative) water vapor anomaly.
引文
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[2]Merrill R T.Environmental influences on hurricane intensification.J Atmos Sci,1988,45:1678-1687
[3]Gray M W.Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms.Mon Wea Rev,1968,96:669-700
[4]Riemer M,Montgomery M T.Simple kinematic models for the environmental interaction of tropical cyclones in vertical wind shear.Atmos Chem Phys,2011,11:9395-9414
[5]Willoughby H E.Forecasting hurricane intensity and impacts.Science,2007,315:1232-1233
[6]陈联寿,刘式适.关于热带气旋尺度变化机制的初步分析.热带气象学报,1997,13(2):105-111
[7]Montgomery M T,Smith R K.Recent developments in the fluid dynamics of tropical cyclones.Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,2017,49(1):541-574
[8]Emanuel K.Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years.Nature,2005,436:686-688
[9]Elsner J B,Kossin J P,Jagger T H.The increasing intensity of the strongest tropical cyclones.Nature,2008,455:92-95
[10]Houze R A,Chen S S,Smull B F,et al.Hurricane intensity and eyewall replacement.Science,2007,315:1235-1239
[11]Derek O.Effects of environmental water vapor on tropical cyclone structure and intensity[D].Miami:University of Miami,2007
[12]Wang Y.How do outer spiral rainbands affect tropical cyclone structure and intensity?.J Atmos Sci,2008,66:1250-1273
[13]Wu L,Su H.Impact of environmental moisture on tropical cyclone intensification.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(24):16111-16139
[14]Ramage C S.Hurricane development.Meteorology,1959,16:227-237
[15]Gray W M.Global view of origin of tropical disturbances and storms.Mon Wea Rev,1968,96:669-700
[16]Merrill R T.Environmental influences on hurricane intensification.J Atmos Sci,1988,45:1678-1687
[17]Zehr R M.Tropical cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific.NOAA Tech Rep,1992,53(9):4723-4740
[18]Frank W M,Ritchie E A.Effects of environmental flow on tropical cyclone structure.Mon Wea Rev,1999,127:2044-2061
[19]Frank W M,Ritehie E A.Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes.Mon Wea Rev,2001,129:2249-2269
[20]陈国民,沈新勇,刘佳.垂直风切变对热带气旋强度和结构的影响.气象研究与应用,2010,28(1):19-24
[21]谢礼江,邱新法,王伟.西北太平洋热带气旋快速增强与环境垂直风切变.热带地理,2013,33(3):242-249
[22]Ying Y,Zhang Q.A modeling study of tropical cyclones structural changes in response to ambient moisture variations.J Meteor Soc Japan,2012,90(5):755-770