星云湖南岸主要入湖河流氮入湖污染特征及南岸调蓄系统削减效果研究
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摘要
为明确星云湖主要入湖河流向湖体的氮素营养盐输送特征,研究以星云湖南岸4条主要入湖河流单元雨季与旱季不同形态氮素的监测数据为基础,系统研究了星云湖南岸主要入湖河流单元不同形态氮的入湖浓度时空变化及不同形态氮对入湖TN的贡献,并探讨了已建南岸带状调蓄系统入湖污染削减效果。结果表明:①星云湖南岸主要入湖河流单元TN浓度为1.1～18.69 mg/L,DTN浓度为1.88～8.61 mg/L,且农田径流污染导致雨季TN浓度均高于旱季。②南岸大多数入湖河流单元样点中氮素以NO_3-N为主,占TN 39.49%;PN和NH3-N含量相近,分别占TN的28.50%与24.75%;DON含量相对较少,占TN的9.97%。雨季NH3-N、NO_3-N及PN对入湖TN的贡献显著增加。③星云湖南岸四条入湖河流在经过调蓄系统调蓄后,TN浓度均呈现下降趋势,TN平均削减率达到32.35%。不同形态氮素削减效果以NO_3-N最佳,平均削减率达到58.22%;NH_3-N及PN削减效果相对不显著。④星云湖南岸带状调蓄系统应考虑不同形态氮污染季节性差异,并进一步与湖滨湿地串联,提升调蓄系统对NH_3-N与PN的削减效果。
Based on the wet and dry season nitrogen concentration data of the 4 south inflow rivers of the Xingyun Lake, this paper studied the spatial and temporal changes in nitrogen concentration of different fractions, discussed the pollution reduction effect of south rainwater regulation system, with a goal of providing scientific support for further control over pollutant input. The results show:(1) The change in total nitrogen(TN) concentration of the south rivers into the Xingyun Lake ranges from 1.1 to18.69 mg/L, and the TN concentration in rainy season is higher than that in dry season because of the farmland runoff pollution.(2) The N concentration of the south rivers into the Xingyun Lake is given priority to NO_3-N, av eraging 39.49% of TN; the proportion of PN and NH_3-N are similar, averaging 28.50% and 24.75% respectively; the proportion of DON is relatively low,averaging 9.97% of TN. The input amount contributions of NH_3-N,NO_3-N and PN increase significantly in the rainy season.(3)After regulating south rainwater system, the TN concentration of the 4 south inflow rivers show a trend of decline, reducing 32.35%on average. NO_3–N reduction effect is most obvious, reducing 58.22% on average, in contrast to a relatively low reduction rate of NH_3-N and PN.(4) The rainwater regulate system should consider seasonal differences of the nitrogen pollution with various forms,and further combined with lakeside wetland to improve the reduction effects of NH_3-N and PN.
Based on the wet and dry season nitrogen concentration data of the 4 south inflow rivers of the Xingyun Lake, this paper studied the spatial and temporal changes in nitrogen concentration of different fractions, discussed the pollution reduction effect of south rainwater regulation system, with a goal of providing scientific support for further control over pollutant input. The results show:(1) The change in total nitrogen(TN) concentration of the south rivers into the Xingyun Lake ranges from 1.1 to18.69 mg/L, and the TN concentration in rainy season is higher than that in dry season because of the farmland runoff pollution.(2) The N concentration of the south rivers into the Xingyun Lake is given priority to NO_3-N, av eraging 39.49% of TN; the proportion of PN and NH_3-N are similar, averaging 28.50% and 24.75% respectively; the proportion of DON is relatively low,averaging 9.97% of TN. The input amount contributions of NH_3-N,NO_3-N and PN increase significantly in the rainy season.(3)After regulating south rainwater system, the TN concentration of the 4 south inflow rivers show a trend of decline, reducing 32.35%on average. NO_3–N reduction effect is most obvious, reducing 58.22% on average, in contrast to a relatively low reduction rate of NH_3-N and PN.(4) The rainwater regulate system should consider seasonal differences of the nitrogen pollution with various forms,and further combined with lakeside wetland to improve the reduction effects of NH_3-N and PN.
引文
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[11]李乐,王海芳,王圣瑞,等.滇池河流氮入湖负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献[J].环境科学研究, 2016,29(6):829-836.(LI Le, WANGHaifang, WANG Shengrui, et al. Spatial and temporal changes innitrogen loading of rivers into Dianchi lake and contributions ofdifferent components[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(6):829-836.(in Chinese))
[12]王厚防,唐翀鹏.星云湖环境问题研究进展[J].安徽农学通报, 2010,16(11):183-185.(WANG Houfang, TANG Chongpeng. Researchprogress on environmental problems of Xingyun lake[J]. AnhuiAgricultural Science Bulletin, 2010,16(11):183-185.(in Chinese))
[13] WIEGNER T N,SEITZINGER S P. Seasonal bioavailability of dissolvedorganic carbon and nitrogen from pristine and polluted freshwaterwetlands[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2004,49(5):1703-1712.
[2]刘鸿亮.湖泊富营养化控制[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.(LIU Hongliang. Lake Eutrophication Control[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2011.(in Chinese))
[3]高伟,陈岩,徐敏,等.抚仙湖水质变化(1980—2011年)趋势与驱动力分析[J].湖泊科学, 2013,25(5):635-642.(GAO Wei, CHENYan, XU Min, et al. Trend and driving factors of water qualitychange in Lake Fuxian(1980-2011)[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(5):635-642.(in Chinese))
[4]王建云.玉溪市星云湖入湖污染物分布研究初步研究[J].重庆环境科学, 2001,4,23(2):56-61.(WANG Jianyun. A preliminary studyon the pollutants distribution of Xingyun lake in Yuxi city[J].Chongqing Environmental Science, 2001,4,23(2):56-61.(in Chinese))
[5]星云湖水环境保护治理“十三五”规划[R]. 2015.("13th Five Year"plan of Xingyun lake in water environmental protection andpollution control[R].2015.(in Chinese))
[6]金相灿,辛玮光,卢少勇,等.入湖污染河流对受纳湖湾水质的影响[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):52-56.(JIN Xiangcan, XIN Weiguang,LU Shaoyong, et al. Effect of polluted inflow river on waterquality of Lake Bay[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(4):52-56.(in Chinese))
[7]张世涛,冯明刚,李荫玺.近现代星云湖的环境变化与生态对策[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.(ZHANG Shitao, FENG Minggang, LIYinxi. The Environmental Changes and Ecological Countermeasuresof Modern Xingyun Lake[M]. Beijing:Geology Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese))
[8]吴阳,甘淑,王策,等.基于综合遥感调查的滇中星云湖流域水资源状况评估分析[J].浙江农业科学, 2016,57(8):1304-1307.(WU Yang,GAN Shu, WANG Ce, et al. Evaluation and analysis of waterresources in the Xingyun lake basin based on comprehensiveremote sensing survey[J]. Journal of Zhejiang AgriculturalSciences, 2016,57(8):1304-1307.(in Chinese))
[9]许杰玉.星云湖流域水环境污染特征分析与综合整治研究[A].中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(2015)[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2015:1983-1987.(XU Jieyu. Analysis and comprehensiveremediation of water environment pollution in the Xingyun lakebasin[A]. Proceedings of the Chinese Academy of EnvironmentalSciences(2015)[C]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2015:1983-1987.(in Chinese))
[10]冯明刚.玉溪市星云湖环境现状及可持续发展研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学, 2005.(FENG Minggang. Present EnvironmentalSituation and Sustainable Development of Xingyun Lake in YuxiCity[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science andTechnology, 2005.(in Chinese))
[11]李乐,王海芳,王圣瑞,等.滇池河流氮入湖负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献[J].环境科学研究, 2016,29(6):829-836.(LI Le, WANGHaifang, WANG Shengrui, et al. Spatial and temporal changes innitrogen loading of rivers into Dianchi lake and contributions ofdifferent components[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(6):829-836.(in Chinese))
[12]王厚防,唐翀鹏.星云湖环境问题研究进展[J].安徽农学通报, 2010,16(11):183-185.(WANG Houfang, TANG Chongpeng. Researchprogress on environmental problems of Xingyun lake[J]. AnhuiAgricultural Science Bulletin, 2010,16(11):183-185.(in Chinese))
[13] WIEGNER T N,SEITZINGER S P. Seasonal bioavailability of dissolvedorganic carbon and nitrogen from pristine and polluted freshwaterwetlands[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2004,49(5):1703-1712.