基于MaxEnt模型的九寨沟国家级自然保护区川金丝猴适宜生境研究
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摘要
川金丝猴Rhinopithecus roxellana是我国特有的灵长类重点保护物种,九寨沟国家级自然保护区是其分布区之一。利用MaxEnt模型对九寨沟国家级自然保护区川金丝猴生境进行研究,结果显示:(1) MaxEnt模型的预测准确度极高,训练集受试者工作特征曲线下面积达到0. 981±0. 011;(2)保护区内川金丝猴的适宜生境面积为7 519. 68 hm2,占保护区总面积的11. 7%,主要分布在北部的林地中;(3)根据贡献率、置换重要值和Jackknife检验,影响川金丝猴分布的最主要环境因子是海拔和距公路距离,植被型、坡向和距步道距离的影响次之,其他环境因子的影响较小;(4)川金丝猴适宜生境的海拔为2 100~3 500 m,距公路和步道距离分别为700~5 000 m和150~3 500 m,位于南坡、西南坡、西坡和西北坡的寒温性针叶林、温性针叶林、针阔混交林和落叶阔叶林中。根据分析结果,建议减少人类活动对川金丝猴的干扰,加强对保护区边缘地域的生境保护,确保川金丝猴适宜生境与周边地区的连通性。
Rhinopithecus roxellana is one of the most important primate species endemic in China,and Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve is one of its distribution regions. By using the MaxEnt model,the habitat suitability of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve for the survival of R. roxellana was explored in this study. We found that:( 1) the accuracy of MaxEnt model was very high,as indicated by the value of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of0. 981 ± 0. 011;( 2) The suitable habitat area of R. roxellana in the reserve was 7 519. 68 hm2,which accounted for11. 7% of the total area of the reserve,especially in the northern forest;( 3) The most important environmental factors affecting R. roxellana were the elevation and man-made interference( the distance to road) as determined by the analyses of percent contribution,permutation importance and Jackknife test,following by the vegetation type,aspect and distance to the walking track;( 4) R. roxellana preferred the south,southwest,west or northwest slope in the cold temperate coniferous forest,temperate coniferous forest,coniferous forest and deciduous forests with elevation between 2 100-3 500 m,and the distance to the road and the walking tact were 700-5 000 m and 150-3 500 m,respectively. Finally,we suggest to reduce the disturbance of human activities to R. roxellana,to strengthen the protection of the habitats in the border areas of the reserve,and to ensure the connectivity between the suitable habitat in the reserve and the surrounding areas of R. roxellana.
Rhinopithecus roxellana is one of the most important primate species endemic in China,and Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve is one of its distribution regions. By using the MaxEnt model,the habitat suitability of Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve for the survival of R. roxellana was explored in this study. We found that:( 1) the accuracy of MaxEnt model was very high,as indicated by the value of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of0. 981 ± 0. 011;( 2) The suitable habitat area of R. roxellana in the reserve was 7 519. 68 hm2,which accounted for11. 7% of the total area of the reserve,especially in the northern forest;( 3) The most important environmental factors affecting R. roxellana were the elevation and man-made interference( the distance to road) as determined by the analyses of percent contribution,permutation importance and Jackknife test,following by the vegetation type,aspect and distance to the walking track;( 4) R. roxellana preferred the south,southwest,west or northwest slope in the cold temperate coniferous forest,temperate coniferous forest,coniferous forest and deciduous forests with elevation between 2 100-3 500 m,and the distance to the road and the walking tact were 700-5 000 m and 150-3 500 m,respectively. Finally,we suggest to reduce the disturbance of human activities to R. roxellana,to strengthen the protection of the habitats in the border areas of the reserve,and to ensure the connectivity between the suitable habitat in the reserve and the surrounding areas of R. roxellana.
引文
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王鹏程,滕明君,穆俊明,等.2017.神农架自然保护区川金丝猴退化生境特征及恢复技术[J].华中农业大学学报,36(5):1-9.
王伟,楚原梦冉,胡刚.2013.白河自然保护区川金丝猴秋季生境的选择性[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),34(1):16-21.
王袁.2014.基于MaxEnt模型的神农架川金丝猴不同季节生境识别[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
谢东明,路纪琪,吕九全.2009.太行山猕猴的冬季生境选择[J].兽类学报,29(3):252-258.
徐卫华,罗翀.2010.MaxEnt模型在秦岭川金丝猴生境评价中的应用[J].森林工程,26(2):1-3.
颜文博,王琦,王超.2015.应用MaxEnt模型分析秦巴地区朱鹮适宜繁殖地的分布[J].动物学杂志,50(2):185-193.
张鹏,李保国,渡边邦夫.2006.秦岭川金丝猴冬季和春季在自然生境的空间利用(英文)[J].动物学报,52(3):429-436.
赵海涛,王晓卫,黎大勇,等.2016.九寨沟自然保护区川金丝猴的分布及种群数量[J].生态学报,36(7):1797-1802.
Ahmed SE,Mcinerny G,O'Hara K,et al.2015.Scientists and software-surveying the species distribution modelling community[J].Diversity&Distributions,21(3):258-267.
Barbosa FG,Schneck F.2015.Characteristics of the top-cited papers in species distribution predictive models[J].Ecological Modelling,313:77-83.
Elith J,Graham CH,Anderson RP,et al.2006.Novel methods improve prediction of species'distributions from occurrence data[J].Ecography,29(2):129-151.
Hernandez PA,Franke I,Herzog SK,et al.2008.Predicting species distributions in poorly-studied landscapes[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,17(6):1353-1366.
Jaynes ET.1957.Information theory and statistical mechanics[J].Physical Review,106(4):620-630.
Jiménez-Valverde A,Peterson AT,Soberón J,et al.2011.Use of niche models in invasive species risk assessments[J].Biological Invasions,13(12):2785-2797.
Phillips SJ,Anderson RP,Schapire RE.2006.Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions[J].Ecological Modelling,190(3-4):231-259.
Phillips SJ,Dudík M.2008.Modeling of species distributions with MaxEnt:new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation[J].Ecography,31(2):161-175.
Vaz UL,Cunha HF,Nabout JC.2015.Trends and biases in global scientific literature about ecological niche models[J].Brazilian Journal of Biology,75(4 Suppl 1):17-24.
顾志宏,金崑,刘世荣,等.2007.四川省白河自然保护区川金丝猴生境评价[J].林业科学,43(8):96-99.
顾志宏,金崑,孟宪林.2006.白河自然保护区川金丝猴生境评价[C]//上海:第三届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会:37.
黄勇杰,卢佳斌,王锋堂,等.2017.基于MaxEnt模型预测海南岛海南臭蛙的潜在地理分布[J].动物学杂志,52(1):30-41.
蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,等.2015.中国哺乳动物多样性及地理分布[M].北京:科学出版社.
金崑,刘世荣,顾志宏,等.2005.我国川金丝猴的重要栖息地及自然保护区[C]//乌鲁木齐:中国科协学术年会26分会场论文集:76-80.
李保国,任宝平,高云芳,等.2000.森林采伐导致秦岭川金丝猴夏季活动范围变化[J].动物学报,46(4):464-466.
李宏群,廉振民.2007.中国的金丝猴资源现状及其保护[J].延安大学学报(自然科学版),26(1):65-68.
李艳忠,董鑫,刘雪华,等.2016.40年岷山地区白河自然保护区川金丝猴的生境格局动态[J].生态学报,36(7):1803-1814.
李垚,张兴旺,方炎明.2016.小叶栎分布格局对末次盛冰期以来气候变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,40(11):1164-1178.
刘广超.2007.川金丝猴栖息地质量评价和保护对策研究[D].北京:北京林业大学.
刘少英,章小平,曾宗永.2007.九寨沟自然保护区的生物多样性[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
刘瑛,刘广超,陈建伟.2009.灾后川金丝猴适宜生境恢复指标的研究[J].西部林业科学,38(2):33-40.
刘振生,高惠,滕丽微,等.2013.基于MaxEnt模型的贺兰山岩羊生境适宜性评价[J].生态学报,33(22):7243-7249.
马琰,郭颖,邓广,等.2016.基于国产GF-1影像的川金丝猴生境评价研究[J].北京林业大学学报,38(7):81-90.
彭红兰.2010.气候变化对川金丝猴栖息地的影响研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院.
全国强,谢家骅.2002.金丝猴研究[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社.
四川植被协作组.1980.四川植被[M].成都:四川人民出版社.
孙利军,许娟娜,张雅芝.2015.秦岭川金丝猴生境植被分布和保护对策研究[J].陕西林业科技,(4):40-42.
王鹏程,滕明君,穆俊明,等.2017.神农架自然保护区川金丝猴退化生境特征及恢复技术[J].华中农业大学学报,36(5):1-9.
王伟,楚原梦冉,胡刚.2013.白河自然保护区川金丝猴秋季生境的选择性[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),34(1):16-21.
王袁.2014.基于MaxEnt模型的神农架川金丝猴不同季节生境识别[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
谢东明,路纪琪,吕九全.2009.太行山猕猴的冬季生境选择[J].兽类学报,29(3):252-258.
徐卫华,罗翀.2010.MaxEnt模型在秦岭川金丝猴生境评价中的应用[J].森林工程,26(2):1-3.
颜文博,王琦,王超.2015.应用MaxEnt模型分析秦巴地区朱鹮适宜繁殖地的分布[J].动物学杂志,50(2):185-193.
张鹏,李保国,渡边邦夫.2006.秦岭川金丝猴冬季和春季在自然生境的空间利用(英文)[J].动物学报,52(3):429-436.
赵海涛,王晓卫,黎大勇,等.2016.九寨沟自然保护区川金丝猴的分布及种群数量[J].生态学报,36(7):1797-1802.
Ahmed SE,Mcinerny G,O'Hara K,et al.2015.Scientists and software-surveying the species distribution modelling community[J].Diversity&Distributions,21(3):258-267.
Barbosa FG,Schneck F.2015.Characteristics of the top-cited papers in species distribution predictive models[J].Ecological Modelling,313:77-83.
Elith J,Graham CH,Anderson RP,et al.2006.Novel methods improve prediction of species'distributions from occurrence data[J].Ecography,29(2):129-151.
Hernandez PA,Franke I,Herzog SK,et al.2008.Predicting species distributions in poorly-studied landscapes[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,17(6):1353-1366.
Jaynes ET.1957.Information theory and statistical mechanics[J].Physical Review,106(4):620-630.
Jiménez-Valverde A,Peterson AT,Soberón J,et al.2011.Use of niche models in invasive species risk assessments[J].Biological Invasions,13(12):2785-2797.
Phillips SJ,Anderson RP,Schapire RE.2006.Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions[J].Ecological Modelling,190(3-4):231-259.
Phillips SJ,Dudík M.2008.Modeling of species distributions with MaxEnt:new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation[J].Ecography,31(2):161-175.
Vaz UL,Cunha HF,Nabout JC.2015.Trends and biases in global scientific literature about ecological niche models[J].Brazilian Journal of Biology,75(4 Suppl 1):17-24.