激光工艺对45钢表面梯度熔覆层组织性能的影响
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摘要
研究了激光熔覆功率、扫描速度和熔覆材料对熔覆层组织结构与耐磨性等的影响.结果表明:梯度熔覆层连续完整,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,与45钢基体呈冶金结合状态.熔覆层显微组织特征为枝晶、等轴晶等多种形貌的快速凝固组织,由α-Fe,Cr Ni Fe-C和Cr_7C_3等组成.熔覆层显微硬度呈梯度分布,表层硬度达7. 48 GPa,过渡层硬度达5. 52 GPa,分别是基体硬度的3. 74和2. 76倍.激光熔覆技术可显著提高45钢的耐磨性能.
The effects of laser cladding pow er,scanning speed and cladding materials on the microstructure and w ear resistance of the cladded coating on 45~# steel were investigated. The results show that the gradient cladded layer is continuous w ithout the defects of crack pores and is metallurgically bonded to the 45~# steel matrix. The microstructure of the cladded layer are characterized by dendritic crystals,equiaxed crystals and other rapid solidification structures,which is composed of α-Fe,CrNiFe-C and Cr_7C_3. The microhardness of the cladded layer is gradient,and the surface hardness of the cladded layer and the transition layer are 7. 48 GPa and5. 52 GPa,respectively,which is 3. 74 and 2. 76 times of the hardness of the substrate. Therefore,the laser cladding technology can significantly improve the w ear resistance of 45~# steel.
The effects of laser cladding pow er,scanning speed and cladding materials on the microstructure and w ear resistance of the cladded coating on 45~# steel were investigated. The results show that the gradient cladded layer is continuous w ithout the defects of crack pores and is metallurgically bonded to the 45~# steel matrix. The microstructure of the cladded layer are characterized by dendritic crystals,equiaxed crystals and other rapid solidification structures,which is composed of α-Fe,CrNiFe-C and Cr_7C_3. The microhardness of the cladded layer is gradient,and the surface hardness of the cladded layer and the transition layer are 7. 48 GPa and5. 52 GPa,respectively,which is 3. 74 and 2. 76 times of the hardness of the substrate. Therefore,the laser cladding technology can significantly improve the w ear resistance of 45~# steel.
引文
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[12]Fayazfar H,Salarian M,Rogalsky A,et al. A critical review of powder-based additive manufacturing of ferrous alloys:process parameters,microstructure and mechanical properties[J].Materials and Design,2018,144:98-128.
[2]国俊丰,刘东华,侯伟骜,等.层流冷却辊感应熔覆制造技术[J].热喷涂技术,2012(4):11-14.(Guo Jun-feng, Liu Dong-hua, Hou Wei-ao, et al.Manufacturing techniques for induction cladding on laminar flow cooling roll[J]. Thermal Spray Technology,2012(4):11-14.)
[3]汪鞍亚,王铁刚.一种新型内冷层流冷却辊:CN205551092U[P]. 2016-09-07.(Wang An-ya,Wang Tie-gang. A new type of inner cooling laminar cooling roller:CN205551092U[P]. 2016-09-07.)
[4]Gorsse S,Hutchinson C,Mohamed G,et al. Additive manufacturing of metals:a brief review of the characteristic microstructures and properties of steels,Ti-6Al-4V and highentropy alloys[J]. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials,2017,18(1):584-610.
[5]任鑫明,马北越,张博文,等.钛合金及钢表面激光熔覆涂层的研究进展[J].材料研究与应用,2017,11(3):141-145,152.(Ren Xin-ming,Ma Bei-yue,Zhang Bo-wen,et al. Research progress of laser cladding coating on titanium alloy and steel surface[J]. Materials Research and Application,2017,11(3):141-145,152.)
[6]Zhong M,Liu W. Laser surface cladding:the state of the art and challenges[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2010,224(5):1041-1060.
[7]齐林森,邱长军,陈伟,等.激光熔覆铁基合金涂层拉伸强度和低周疲劳行为研究[J].机械研究与应用,2016,29(5):101-103.(Qi Lin-sen,Qiu Chang-jun,Chen Wei,et al. Behavioral study on the tensile strength and low cycle fatigue of laser cladding iron-based coating[J]. Machine Research and Application,2016,29(5):101-103.)
[8]张德强,考锡俊,李金华. H13钢表面激光熔覆铁基合金粉末的工艺研究[J].机械设计与制造,2016(10):41-43,48.(Zhang De-qiang,Kao Xi-jun,Li Jin-hua. Research on the process of laser cladding iron-based alloy powder on H13 steel surface[J]. Machinery Design&Manufacture,2016(10):41-43,48.)
[9]何力佳,高睿,赵晓杰,等.光纤激光熔覆铁基合金粉末对45钢表面组织和性能的影响[J].铸造技术,2016,37(1):44-47.(He Li-jia,Gao Rui,Zhao Xiao-jie,et al. Effects of fiber laser cladding Fe-based alloy powder on microstructure and properties of 45 steel surface[J]. Foundry Technology,2016,37(1):44-47.)
[10]丁阳喜,殷小耀,廖芳蓉.激光熔覆铁基合金粉末修复高速列车车轮磨损研究[J].粉末冶金技术,2014,32(3):174-177.(Ding Yang-xi,Yin Xiao-yao,Liao Fang-rong. Research on repairing the high-speed train wheel steel by laser cladding iron-based alloy powder[J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology,2014,32(3):174-177.)
[11]李宝灵,刘旭红,温宗胤.灰铸铁激光熔覆铁基和镍基粉末的比较[J].中国表面工程,2012,25(4):89-93.(Li bao-ling,Liu Xu-hong,Wen Zong-yin. Comparisons between Ni-based and Fe-based alloy powder on gray cast iron by laser cladding[J]. China Surface Engineering,2012,25(4):89-93.)
[12]Fayazfar H,Salarian M,Rogalsky A,et al. A critical review of powder-based additive manufacturing of ferrous alloys:process parameters,microstructure and mechanical properties[J].Materials and Design,2018,144:98-128.
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