半集中式分质供排水和资源化系统的集成应用
|
摘要
针对传统生活污水处理的再生水难以有效回用的问题,采用源分离式半集中式分质供排水和资源化体系处理生活污水,并对实际工程案例的进行了长期监测,探讨了其在污染物去除、污水再生利用以及污泥资源化等方面的效果。结果表明:即使灰水和黑水管道存在一定混接现象,但是灰水和黑水处理模块的COD去除率均超过90%,出水COD分别为10～30 mg·L~(-1)和10～40 mg·L~(-1);灰水处理模块的TN去除率达到95%,最低小于5 mg·L~(-1);黑水的TN去除率保持70%～90%,出水水质均可满足回用要求并已用于周边区域;厌氧消化系统1 m~3生污泥的产气量达到7.27～10.91 m~3,甲烷含量达到70%,有机物的降解率30%～50%;投加糖蜜后,单位产气量提高了1倍,有机物的降解率平均提高10%。消化污泥经过脱水后除总汞指标略高外,各主要指标均满足污泥农用中A级污泥标准。基于生活污水源分离的半集中式处理系统,可以对污水、污泥进行有效处理,并就近利用再生水、污泥和沼气。
Due to the difficulty in effectively recycling the reclaimed water from traditional centralized domestic wastewater treatment plant, a novel semi-centralized wastewater treatment and resource recovery project based on domestic wastewater source separation was constructed, and a long-term investigation of its performance on pollutants removal, reclaimed water recycling and sludge resourcing was investigated during its continuous operating. The results showed that the COD removal rates of graywater and blackwater treatment units were higher than 90%, and COD in their effluents were 10～30 mg·L~(-1) and 10～40 mg·L~(-1), respectively,although there were some misconnections between graywater and blackwater pipes. TN removal rate of graywater treatment unit reached 95%, and the lowest TN value in effluent was below 5 mg·L~(-1). Due to the varying influent loadings, the TN removal rate of blackwater treatment unit fluctuated between 70%～90%, but the effluent could still meet the reusing standard. The reclaimed water from both two treatment units were used in greenbelt,washing and toilet flushing in nearby regions. The gas production rates of 1 m~3 raw sludge reached 7.27～10.91 m~3 with the methane content of over 70%, and the removal rate of volatile solid(VS) varied from 30% to 50%.When molasses was added to perform co-digestion with sludge, the gas production was doubled and the average removal rate of VS increased by 10%. The main indicators of dewatered sludge of anaerobic digestion unit could satisfy the level A of agriculture standard, except for the total mercury content was slightly higher than the standard; the dewatered sludge was collected by neighborhood farmers for gardening and landscaping lands. In a word, the semi-centralized treatment system had good performances on wastewater and sludge treatment, reuse and resource.
Due to the difficulty in effectively recycling the reclaimed water from traditional centralized domestic wastewater treatment plant, a novel semi-centralized wastewater treatment and resource recovery project based on domestic wastewater source separation was constructed, and a long-term investigation of its performance on pollutants removal, reclaimed water recycling and sludge resourcing was investigated during its continuous operating. The results showed that the COD removal rates of graywater and blackwater treatment units were higher than 90%, and COD in their effluents were 10～30 mg·L~(-1) and 10～40 mg·L~(-1), respectively,although there were some misconnections between graywater and blackwater pipes. TN removal rate of graywater treatment unit reached 95%, and the lowest TN value in effluent was below 5 mg·L~(-1). Due to the varying influent loadings, the TN removal rate of blackwater treatment unit fluctuated between 70%～90%, but the effluent could still meet the reusing standard. The reclaimed water from both two treatment units were used in greenbelt,washing and toilet flushing in nearby regions. The gas production rates of 1 m~3 raw sludge reached 7.27～10.91 m~3 with the methane content of over 70%, and the removal rate of volatile solid(VS) varied from 30% to 50%.When molasses was added to perform co-digestion with sludge, the gas production was doubled and the average removal rate of VS increased by 10%. The main indicators of dewatered sludge of anaerobic digestion unit could satisfy the level A of agriculture standard, except for the total mercury content was slightly higher than the standard; the dewatered sludge was collected by neighborhood farmers for gardening and landscaping lands. In a word, the semi-centralized treatment system had good performances on wastewater and sludge treatment, reuse and resource.
引文
[1]LIBRALATO G,VOLPI G A,AVEZZU F.To centralise or to decentralise:An overview of the most recent trends in wastewater treatment management[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,94(1):61-68.
[2]吕宏德.分散式污水处理系统的特征及其应用[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(8):113-115.
[3]LAM L,KURISU K,HANAKI K.Comparative environmental impacts of source-separation systems for domestic wastewater management in rural China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,104:185-198.
[4]HU M,ZHANG T,STANSBURY J,et al.Treatment of greywater with shredded-tire biofilters and membrane bioreactors[C]//American Society of Civil Engineers.World Environmental and Water Resources Congress,California,America,Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability.2011:1877-1887.
[5]KANT S,JABER F H,KARTHIEKEYAN R.Evaluation of a portable in-house greywater treatment system for potential water-reuse in urban areas[J].Urban Water Journal,2018,15(4):309-315.
[6]KUJAWA-ROELEVELD K,ELMITWALLI T,ZEEMAN G.Enhanced primary treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen residues within DESAR concept using two types of anaerobic digesters[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,53(9):159-168.
[7]DE GRAAFF M S,TEMMINK H,ZEEMAN G,et al.Anaerobic treatment of concentrated black water in a UASB reactor at a short HRT[J].Water,2010,2(1):101-119.
[8]陈海滨,刘金涛,钟辉,等.厨余垃圾不同处理模式碳减排潜力分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2102-2106.
[9]张鹏帅,林志龙,王晓洁,等.餐厨垃圾单组分厌氧发酵产甲烷研究进展[J].海峡科学,2017(10):8-9.
[10]郑晓伟,李兵,郭栋,等.餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵启动特性与产甲烷效率[J].环境工程,2018,36(9):128-132.
[11]CHRISPIM M C,NOLASCO M A.Greywater treatment using a moving bed biofilm reactor at a university campus in Brazil[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142:290-296.
[12]WASIELEWSKI S,MORANDI C G,MOUARKECH K,et al.Impacts of blackwater co-digestion upon biogas production in pilot-scale UASB and CSTR reactors[C]//National Technical University of Athens.IWA Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems&IWA Specialized Conference on Resources-Oriented Sanitation,Athens,Greece,2017:121-128.
[13]FUMASOLI A,ETTER B,STERKELE B,et al.Operating a pilot-scale nitrification/distillation plant for complete nutrient recovery from urine[J].Water Science&Technology,2016,73(1):215-222.
[14]郝晓地,衣兰凯,仇付国.源分离技术的国内外研发进展及应用现状[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(12):1-7.
[15]郑林静.半集中式处理系统灰水处理模块技术经济分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[16]郭小马,赵焱,王开演,等.MBR与SMBR脱氮除磷特性及膜污染控制[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1013-1020.
[17]ABEGGLEN C,JOSS A,BOEHLER M,et al.Reducing the natural color of membrane bioreactor permeate with activated carbon or ozone[J].Water Science&Technology,2009,60(1):155-165.
[18]张瑞青,杜鹏,梁恒,等.餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵+好氧发酵处理技术工程应用[J].环境卫生工程,2018,26(4):90-93.
[19]XAGORARAKI I,HARRINGTON G W,ASSAVASILAVASUKUL P,et al.Removal of emerging waterborne pathogens and pathogen indicators by pilot-scale conventional treatment[J].Journal of American Water Works Association,2004,96(5):102-113.
[20]TODT D,HEISTAD A,JENSSEN P D.Load and distribution of organic matter and nutrients in a separated household wastewater stream[J].Environmental Technology Letters,2015,36(12):1584-1593.
[21]崔洪升,刘世德.强化脱氮Bardenpho工艺碳源投加位置及内回流比的确定[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(12):22-24.
[22]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置农用泥质:CJ/T 309-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[23]REN X L,CHEN H B,CHENG Y,et al.Full-scale practice of domestic wastewater source separation and collection in a semicentralized treatment system:A case study[J].Water Science and Technology,2018,78(10):2193-2203.
[2]吕宏德.分散式污水处理系统的特征及其应用[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(8):113-115.
[3]LAM L,KURISU K,HANAKI K.Comparative environmental impacts of source-separation systems for domestic wastewater management in rural China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,104:185-198.
[4]HU M,ZHANG T,STANSBURY J,et al.Treatment of greywater with shredded-tire biofilters and membrane bioreactors[C]//American Society of Civil Engineers.World Environmental and Water Resources Congress,California,America,Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability.2011:1877-1887.
[5]KANT S,JABER F H,KARTHIEKEYAN R.Evaluation of a portable in-house greywater treatment system for potential water-reuse in urban areas[J].Urban Water Journal,2018,15(4):309-315.
[6]KUJAWA-ROELEVELD K,ELMITWALLI T,ZEEMAN G.Enhanced primary treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen residues within DESAR concept using two types of anaerobic digesters[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,53(9):159-168.
[7]DE GRAAFF M S,TEMMINK H,ZEEMAN G,et al.Anaerobic treatment of concentrated black water in a UASB reactor at a short HRT[J].Water,2010,2(1):101-119.
[8]陈海滨,刘金涛,钟辉,等.厨余垃圾不同处理模式碳减排潜力分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2102-2106.
[9]张鹏帅,林志龙,王晓洁,等.餐厨垃圾单组分厌氧发酵产甲烷研究进展[J].海峡科学,2017(10):8-9.
[10]郑晓伟,李兵,郭栋,等.餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵启动特性与产甲烷效率[J].环境工程,2018,36(9):128-132.
[11]CHRISPIM M C,NOLASCO M A.Greywater treatment using a moving bed biofilm reactor at a university campus in Brazil[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,142:290-296.
[12]WASIELEWSKI S,MORANDI C G,MOUARKECH K,et al.Impacts of blackwater co-digestion upon biogas production in pilot-scale UASB and CSTR reactors[C]//National Technical University of Athens.IWA Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems&IWA Specialized Conference on Resources-Oriented Sanitation,Athens,Greece,2017:121-128.
[13]FUMASOLI A,ETTER B,STERKELE B,et al.Operating a pilot-scale nitrification/distillation plant for complete nutrient recovery from urine[J].Water Science&Technology,2016,73(1):215-222.
[14]郝晓地,衣兰凯,仇付国.源分离技术的国内外研发进展及应用现状[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(12):1-7.
[15]郑林静.半集中式处理系统灰水处理模块技术经济分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[16]郭小马,赵焱,王开演,等.MBR与SMBR脱氮除磷特性及膜污染控制[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):1013-1020.
[17]ABEGGLEN C,JOSS A,BOEHLER M,et al.Reducing the natural color of membrane bioreactor permeate with activated carbon or ozone[J].Water Science&Technology,2009,60(1):155-165.
[18]张瑞青,杜鹏,梁恒,等.餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵+好氧发酵处理技术工程应用[J].环境卫生工程,2018,26(4):90-93.
[19]XAGORARAKI I,HARRINGTON G W,ASSAVASILAVASUKUL P,et al.Removal of emerging waterborne pathogens and pathogen indicators by pilot-scale conventional treatment[J].Journal of American Water Works Association,2004,96(5):102-113.
[20]TODT D,HEISTAD A,JENSSEN P D.Load and distribution of organic matter and nutrients in a separated household wastewater stream[J].Environmental Technology Letters,2015,36(12):1584-1593.
[21]崔洪升,刘世德.强化脱氮Bardenpho工艺碳源投加位置及内回流比的确定[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(12):22-24.
[22]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置农用泥质:CJ/T 309-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[23]REN X L,CHEN H B,CHENG Y,et al.Full-scale practice of domestic wastewater source separation and collection in a semicentralized treatment system:A case study[J].Water Science and Technology,2018,78(10):2193-2203.