中石化地下储气库建设现状及发展建议
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摘要
2017—2018年冬春之际,我国多个省区在用气量高峰期都出现了天然气供应紧张的状况,暴露出我国储气调峰设施建设滞后等问题。作为目前中国最大的能源生产供应企业之一——中国石油化工集团公司(以下简称中石化)有责任不断加大天然气储气设施的建设力度,提高其利用率。为此,归纳出中石化地下储气库(以下简称储气库)建设的现状和特点:数量少、起步晚、技术优、规模大,分析了中石化储气库发展建设面临的主要问题:(1)储气库建设投资大、周期长,建设筹资难;(2)储气库选址资源稀缺,建设技术要求高;(3)储气库建设发展历程较短,运行管理经验不足;(4)缺乏相关配套政策支持,影响储气库建设速度。进而有针对性地提出了推进中石化储气库发展的建议:(1)加大储气库建设力度,提升储气调峰能力;(2)统筹协调地方和企业的关系,做好储气库的规划选址工作;(3)加强对储气库建设核心技术的攻关,高度重视储气库的安全管理;(4)不断优化储气库生产运行效率,有效降低建设管理成本,提高储气库经济效益;(5)用好用活、积极落实各项激励政策,加快和促进发展商业储气库;(6)充分借鉴和分享发达国家的经验,积极探索适合的战略储气库建设之路。
During the gas-peaking months from winter in 2017 to spring in 2018,shortage of gas supply frequently occurred in many regions or provinces in China,which exposes many problems like the slow development of gas storage peak-shaving measures and facilities.As one of the major state-owned energy suppliers,Sinopec will have to accelerate the construction of natural gas storage facilities and explore many ways in improving those facilities' utilization.In view of this,this paper first summarizes the status and characteristics of Sinopec's underground gas storage(UGS),which started late in a small number but developed with advanced technologies and in a great scale.Then,the main challenging issues were pointed out for Sinopec as follows.(1) UGS construction involves such problems as a high cost,a long construction period and being difficult to raise funds.(2) UGS sites are difficult to find and high technical requirements will be necessary for construction.(3) Due to a short history,UGS operation and management experiences are far from enough.(4) For lack of supporting policies,UGS construction process is severely influenced.On this basis,the following proposals were thus presented:to accelerate UGS construction process and improve UGS peak-shaving capacity;to coordinate the relationship between local government and enterprise and do a good job of UGS planning and siting work;to make breakthroughs in UGS key technologies and attach great importance to UGS safety management;to optimize UGS operation efficiency and cut down cost in construction and management;to use flexibly and implement various incentive policies and accelerate UGS development in a commercial way;and to learn lessons and experiences from those developed countries and explore a way for China to implement strategic employment of UGS construction.
During the gas-peaking months from winter in 2017 to spring in 2018,shortage of gas supply frequently occurred in many regions or provinces in China,which exposes many problems like the slow development of gas storage peak-shaving measures and facilities.As one of the major state-owned energy suppliers,Sinopec will have to accelerate the construction of natural gas storage facilities and explore many ways in improving those facilities' utilization.In view of this,this paper first summarizes the status and characteristics of Sinopec's underground gas storage(UGS),which started late in a small number but developed with advanced technologies and in a great scale.Then,the main challenging issues were pointed out for Sinopec as follows.(1) UGS construction involves such problems as a high cost,a long construction period and being difficult to raise funds.(2) UGS sites are difficult to find and high technical requirements will be necessary for construction.(3) Due to a short history,UGS operation and management experiences are far from enough.(4) For lack of supporting policies,UGS construction process is severely influenced.On this basis,the following proposals were thus presented:to accelerate UGS construction process and improve UGS peak-shaving capacity;to coordinate the relationship between local government and enterprise and do a good job of UGS planning and siting work;to make breakthroughs in UGS key technologies and attach great importance to UGS safety management;to optimize UGS operation efficiency and cut down cost in construction and management;to use flexibly and implement various incentive policies and accelerate UGS development in a commercial way;and to learn lessons and experiences from those developed countries and explore a way for China to implement strategic employment of UGS construction.
引文
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[13]孟浩.美国储气库管理现状及启示[J].中外能源,2015,20(1):18-24.Meng Hao.The US'gas storage management today and what can be learned for China[J].Sino-Global Energy,2015,20(1):18-24.
[14]王起京,张余,张利亚,温庆和.赴美储气库调研及其启示[J].天然气工业,2006,26(8):130-133.Wang Qijing,Zhang Yu,Zhang Liya&Wen Qinghe.Researches on American underground gas storages[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(8):130-133.
[15]王振霞.日本天然气发电经验与政策[J].中国能源,2016,38(6):34-38.Wang Zhenxia.Development of natural gas power in Japan:Experience and policy[J].Energy of China,2016,38(6):34-38.
[2]腰世哲,张延斌,纪成学,庞枫,李敬忠.文96地下储气库注采井钻井技术[J].西部探矿工程,2015,27(1):45-47.Yao Shizhe,Zhang Yanbin,Ji Chengxue,Pang Feng&Li Jingzhong.Wen 96 drilling technology for underground gas storage and injection wells[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2015,27(1):45-47.
[3]张晓冉,薛辉,张磊,程正刚.文96地下储气库SCADA系统[J].油气田地面工程,2014,33(10):90-91.Zhang Xiaoran,Xue Hui,Zhang Lei&Cheng Zhenggang.Wen 96 SCADA system for underground gas storage[J].Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering,2014,33(10):90-91.
[4]魏欢,田静,李建中,王影.中国天然气地下储气库现状及发展趋势[J].国际石油经济,2015,23(6):57-62.Wei Huan,Tian Jing,Li Jianzhong&Wang Ying.Status and development trend of underground gas storage in China[J].International Petroleum Economics,2015,23(6):57-62.
[5]袁光杰,杨长来,王斌,夏焱,班凡生,庄晓谦.国内地下储气库钻完井技术现状分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(2):61-64.Yuan Guangjie,Yang Changlai,Wang Bin,Xia Yan,Ban Fansheng&Zhuang Xiaoqian.Drilling and completion technologies for the underground gas storage(UGS)in China:A state-ofthe-art appraisal[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(2):61-64.
[6]沈鑫,陈进殿,魏传博,郝迎鹏.欧美天然气调峰储备体系发展经验及启示[J].国际石油经济,2017,25(3):43-52.Shen Xin,Chen Jindian,Wei Chuanbo&Hao Yingpeng.European and American NG peak-shaving system and its enlightenment[J].International Petroleum Economics,2017,25(3):43-52.
[7]胡奥林,何春蕾,史宇峰,于智博.我国地下储气库价格机制研究[J].天然气工业,2010,30(9):91-96.Hu Aolin,He Chunlei,Shi Yufeng&Yu Zhibo.A discussion on the pricing mechanism of underground gas storage in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(9):91-96.
[8]中国石油经济技术研究院.2017国内外油气行业发展报告[R].北京:中国石油经济技术研究院,2018.CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute.2017 domestic and foreign oil and gas industry development report[R].Beijing:CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute,2018.
[9]周军,梁光川,杜培恩,李欣泽,黄靖雅,方琰藜.欧洲天然气储气库概况与运营模式[J].油气储运,2017,36(7):759-768.Zhou Jun,Liang Guangchuan,Du Pei'en,Li Xinze,Huang Jingya&Fang Yanli.Status and operation mode of underground gas storage in Europe[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(7):759-768.
[10]贾善坡,金凤鸣,郑得文,孟庆春,张辉,林建品,等.含水层储气库的选址评价指标和分级标准及可拓综合判别方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1628-1640.Jia Shanpo,Jin Fengming,Zheng Dewen,Meng Qingchun,Zhang Hui,Lin Jianpin,et al.Evaluation indices and classification criterion of aquifer site for gas storage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1628-1640.
[11]丁国生,王皆明.枯竭气藏改建储气库需要关注的几个关键问题[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):87-89.Ding Guosheng&Wang Jieming.Key points in the reconstruction of an underground gas storage based on a depleted gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(5):87-89.
[12]丁国生.全球地下储气库的发展趋势与驱动力[J].天然气工业,2010,30(8):59-61.Ding Guosheng.Developing trend and motives for global underground gas storage[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(8):59-61.
[13]孟浩.美国储气库管理现状及启示[J].中外能源,2015,20(1):18-24.Meng Hao.The US'gas storage management today and what can be learned for China[J].Sino-Global Energy,2015,20(1):18-24.
[14]王起京,张余,张利亚,温庆和.赴美储气库调研及其启示[J].天然气工业,2006,26(8):130-133.Wang Qijing,Zhang Yu,Zhang Liya&Wen Qinghe.Researches on American underground gas storages[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(8):130-133.
[15]王振霞.日本天然气发电经验与政策[J].中国能源,2016,38(6):34-38.Wang Zhenxia.Development of natural gas power in Japan:Experience and policy[J].Energy of China,2016,38(6):34-38.
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