基于作物生长模拟的温室西红柿经济灌水下限研究
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摘要
在日光温室条件下,以西红柿为试验材料,采用膜下滴灌,以地上部干物质量的模拟值与实测值误差平方和最小为目标,率定出了温度胁迫指数、水分胁迫指数和干物质转化因子等3个作物生长模型参数。以单位面积经济效益最大为目标,确定了西红柿的经济灌溉制度,并将经济灌溉制度中每次灌水前的土壤含水率作为作物经济灌水下限值。结果表明:经济灌水下限值在作物生长期内可以近似地看作一个常数,西红柿的经济灌水下限值为0.250,占田间持水率的83.9%,其变差系数为0.76%。按照此灌水下限值灌水,与实际灌水相比,灌溉用水量虽增加了6.5%,但产量和纯收益均增加了7.8%,显示出明显的增产增收效果。
Temperature stress index, water stress index and dry matter conversion factor are the growth model parameters of crop with drip irrigation under plastic mulch in greenhouse. Taking tomato as experimental material, the factors were determined by minimizing the quadratic sum of the difference between simulated and measured value of the dry matter weight. Taking the maximum economic benefit per unit area as the goal, the economic irrigation system of tomato was analyzed and determined.The soil moisture content before each irrigation in the economic irrigation schedule was taken as the crop's economic irrigation low limit. The results show that the economic irrigation low limit value can be approximated as a constant during the crop growth.The economic irrigation low limit for tomatoes is 0.250, which is 83.9% of the field water capacity, and the coefficient of variation is 0.76%. According to the irrigation low limit for irrigation, compared with the actual irrigation, the irrigation water consumption increased by 6.5%, but the yield and net income increased by 7.8%, it shows obvious effect of increasing production and income.
Temperature stress index, water stress index and dry matter conversion factor are the growth model parameters of crop with drip irrigation under plastic mulch in greenhouse. Taking tomato as experimental material, the factors were determined by minimizing the quadratic sum of the difference between simulated and measured value of the dry matter weight. Taking the maximum economic benefit per unit area as the goal, the economic irrigation system of tomato was analyzed and determined.The soil moisture content before each irrigation in the economic irrigation schedule was taken as the crop's economic irrigation low limit. The results show that the economic irrigation low limit value can be approximated as a constant during the crop growth.The economic irrigation low limit for tomatoes is 0.250, which is 83.9% of the field water capacity, and the coefficient of variation is 0.76%. According to the irrigation low limit for irrigation, compared with the actual irrigation, the irrigation water consumption increased by 6.5%, but the yield and net income increased by 7.8%, it shows obvious effect of increasing production and income.
引文
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[6]李晶晶,王铁良,李波,等.日光温室滴灌条件下不同灌水下限对青椒生长的影响[J].节水灌溉,2010(2):24-26.
[7]孙健,成自勇,王铁良,等.日光温室春夏茬番茄灌溉模式试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2011(6):1-3.
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[9]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.不同灌水下限对日光温室黄瓜生长指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(3):81-84.
[10]Ritchie J T,Singh U,Godwin D C,et al.Understanding options for agricultural production[M].Britain:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998.
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[13]陈新明,蔡焕杰,李红星,等.温室大棚内作物蒸发蒸腾量计算[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):317-321.
[14]葛建坤,罗金耀,李小平.滴灌大棚茄子需水量计算模型的定量分析比较[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(5):86-88.
[15]王仰仁.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[16]李永秀,罗卫红,倪纪恒,等.温室黄瓜干物质分配与产量预测模拟模型初步研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(2):116-121.
[17]明道绪.田间试验与统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.