中国农业文化遗产地村落旅游经营模式探析
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摘要
[目的]文章研究目的在于分析归纳农业文化遗产地村落旅游经营模式现状,对村落旅游经营模式中存在的主要问题进行归类分析,为农业文化遗产地其他村落旅游发展提供借鉴。遗产地发展旅游的基础是当地的特色资源,旅游发展过程中经营模式的选择是农业文化遗产保护和旅游可持续发展的关键因素之一。相对遗产地其他村落而言,历史文化名村、少数民族特色村寨、核心村具有相对较高的影响力和资源优势,这是村落旅游发展的重要基础。[方法]该文通过搜集筛选出分布在91个中国重要农业文化遗产地的历史文化名村、少数民族特色村寨共47个,对这47个村落旅游经营模式进行归类,分析其旅游经营模式的现状。并从中选取3个典型案例村进行分析,通过对案例村旅游经营模式的发展过程分析,总结其中存在的问题和优势。[结果]目前中国的农业文化遗产地旅游经营模式主要以村民自主经营和政府投资经营模式为主。遗产地旅游旅游经营模式一定程度上保证了当地村民的参与,但村落经营仍处于探索阶段,尚不成熟,且在资金、参与管理方面存在不少问题。[结论]遗产地村落旅游经营过程中应该注意资金和专业化管理的合理引入,鼓励村民积极参与并充分发挥政府的主导作用。
This research is intended to analyze and summarize the current situation of village tourism management model in agricultural heritage sites, classifies and analyses the main problems in village tourism management model, so as to provide a reference for the development of tourism in other villages of agricultural heritage sites. The development of tourism in heritage sites is based on the local characteristic resources, and in the process of tourism development, the choice of management model is one of the key factors for the protection of agricultural heritage and the sustainable development of tourism. Compared with other ancient villages in the agricultural heritage sites, China′s historic and cultural villages, ethnic villages and the core villages of the Global Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) have relatively high reputation and resource advantages for tourism development, which are the foundation of tourism development. This research collected 47 historical and cultural villages from the ethnic villages and the core village of the Global Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) distributed in 91 important agricultural heritage sites in China, and analyzed the current status of their tourism operating model. 47 villages′ tourism management models were discussed and three representative villages were analyzed in detail. The problems and advantages of the three villages′business models were clarified through the discussion of the representative villages. The research found out that at present, tourism management models of agricultural heritage sites in China are mainly based on the villages investment and the governments′ investment. The present models can guarantee the participation of local villagers to some extent, while the tourism management is still at the stage of exploration, and it′s still not yet mature and has problems in terms of capital and participation in the management process. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the rational introduction of funds and professional management in the tourism management of heritage villages, and encourage the villagers to participate actively without ignoring the leading role of the local government.
This research is intended to analyze and summarize the current situation of village tourism management model in agricultural heritage sites, classifies and analyses the main problems in village tourism management model, so as to provide a reference for the development of tourism in other villages of agricultural heritage sites. The development of tourism in heritage sites is based on the local characteristic resources, and in the process of tourism development, the choice of management model is one of the key factors for the protection of agricultural heritage and the sustainable development of tourism. Compared with other ancient villages in the agricultural heritage sites, China′s historic and cultural villages, ethnic villages and the core villages of the Global Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) have relatively high reputation and resource advantages for tourism development, which are the foundation of tourism development. This research collected 47 historical and cultural villages from the ethnic villages and the core village of the Global Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) distributed in 91 important agricultural heritage sites in China, and analyzed the current status of their tourism operating model. 47 villages′ tourism management models were discussed and three representative villages were analyzed in detail. The problems and advantages of the three villages′business models were clarified through the discussion of the representative villages. The research found out that at present, tourism management models of agricultural heritage sites in China are mainly based on the villages investment and the governments′ investment. The present models can guarantee the participation of local villagers to some extent, while the tourism management is still at the stage of exploration, and it′s still not yet mature and has problems in terms of capital and participation in the management process. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the rational introduction of funds and professional management in the tourism management of heritage villages, and encourage the villagers to participate actively without ignoring the leading role of the local government.
引文
[1] 张永勋,焦雯珺,刘某承,等.日本农业文化遗产保护与发展经验及对中国的启示.世界农业,2017(3):139-142,232.
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[10] 闵庆文,孙业红,Frank van Schoubroeck,等.全球重要农业文化遗产——中国浙江青田稻鱼共生系统项目实施框架.资源科学,2009,31(1):10-20.
[11] 郑芬丽,赵振斌.村民自主经营模式的SWOT分析及对策研究——以韩城党家村为例.宝鸡文理学院学报,2008,28(2):159-163.
[12] 宋河有.传统村落旅游化保护的风险及其防范.原生态民族文化学刊,2017,9(2):95-98.
[13] 孙业红,闵庆文.农业文化遗产地旅游发展的几大误区.智慧中国,2017(8):92-93.
[14] 刘宗碧.论侗族传统村落保护中的农业文化遗产传承问题.原生态民族文化学刊,2017,9(2):125-127.
[15] 尹昌斌,程磊磊,杨晓梅,等.生态文明型的农业可持续发展路径选择.中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(1):15-21.
[16] 张灿强,闵庆文,田密.农户对农业文化遗产保护与发展的感知分析——来自云南哈尼梯田的调查.南京农业大学学报,2017,17(1):128-135,148.
[17] Mi T,Qingwen M,Hui T,et al.Progress and prospects in tourism research on agricultural heritage sites.Journal of resources and ecology,2014,5(4):381-389.
[2] 吴必虎.基于乡村旅游的传统村落保护与活化.社会科学家,2016(2):7-9.
[3] 颜亚玉,张荔榕.不同经营模式下的“社区参与”机制比较研究——以古村落旅游为例.人文地理,2008(4):89-94.
[4] 张波.旅游目的地“社区参与”的三种典型模式比较研究.旅游学刊,2006(7):69-74.
[5] 陈腊娇,冯利华,沈红,等.古村落旅游开发模式的比较——金华市诸葛八卦村和郭洞村实证研究.国土与自然资源研究,2005(4):58-59.
[6] 刘霞.基于路径依赖的河南农业与旅游业融合发展研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(3):233-236.
[7] 李军红.创意乡村的路径及意义——于朱家峪村实践的探索.广西民族大学学报,2015,37(6):17-23.
[8] 苏静,孙九霞.旅游影响民族社区社会关系变迁的微观研究——以岜沙苗寨为例.旅游学刊,2017,32(4):87-95.
[9] 吴媛姣,贾往拉.民族村寨旅游的困境与对策——以岜沙苗寨为例.贵州民族研究,2017,38(12):178-182.
[10] 闵庆文,孙业红,Frank van Schoubroeck,等.全球重要农业文化遗产——中国浙江青田稻鱼共生系统项目实施框架.资源科学,2009,31(1):10-20.
[11] 郑芬丽,赵振斌.村民自主经营模式的SWOT分析及对策研究——以韩城党家村为例.宝鸡文理学院学报,2008,28(2):159-163.
[12] 宋河有.传统村落旅游化保护的风险及其防范.原生态民族文化学刊,2017,9(2):95-98.
[13] 孙业红,闵庆文.农业文化遗产地旅游发展的几大误区.智慧中国,2017(8):92-93.
[14] 刘宗碧.论侗族传统村落保护中的农业文化遗产传承问题.原生态民族文化学刊,2017,9(2):125-127.
[15] 尹昌斌,程磊磊,杨晓梅,等.生态文明型的农业可持续发展路径选择.中国农业资源与区划,2015,36(1):15-21.
[16] 张灿强,闵庆文,田密.农户对农业文化遗产保护与发展的感知分析——来自云南哈尼梯田的调查.南京农业大学学报,2017,17(1):128-135,148.
[17] Mi T,Qingwen M,Hui T,et al.Progress and prospects in tourism research on agricultural heritage sites.Journal of resources and ecology,2014,5(4):381-389.