苦参碱对老龄苹果园土盆栽平邑甜茶和土壤微生物的影响
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摘要
以老龄苹果园土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,研究向土壤中添加不同量的苦参碱对幼苗生长以及土壤中微生物数量的影响。结果表明,9月时,与对照相比,向土壤中添加0.01%苦参碱处理可明显提高平邑甜茶幼苗株高、地径、干质量和根表面积、根体积以及根呼吸速率,根系SOD、POD和CAT活性也显著提高。经苦参碱处理后,土壤中细菌和真菌数量减少,真菌比细菌降幅更大,细菌/真菌比值增大。其中0.01%苦参碱处理的细菌和真菌分别比对照减少了58.5%和68.3%,细菌/真菌比值比对照增加30.6%,土壤中微生物多样性指数(Shannon index)和丰富度指数(Margalef index)降低显著,腐皮镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌、串珠镰孢菌和尖孢镰孢菌基因拷贝数分别比对照降低了51.2%、43.3%、40.0%和44.5%。综上,0.01%苦参碱处理促进了平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,改善了土壤环境,可有效减轻平邑甜茶的连作障碍。
Old apple orchard with soil potted Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings as test material,the effects of matrine on seedling growth and soil microbial population were studied. The results showed that in September,compared to the control group,adding 0.01% matrine to the soil can significantly improve plant height,ground diameter,dry weight,root surface area,root volume and root respiration rate of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings,and the activities of root SOD,POD and CAT were also significantly improved. After matrine treatment,the number of bacteria and fungi in soil decreased,the decline of fungi was greater than that of bacteria,and the ratio of bacteria to fungi increased. The bacteria and fungi treated with 0.01% matrine decreased by 58.5% and 68.3%,respectively,and the ratio of bacteria to fungi increased by 30.6%. The Shannon index and Margalef index of microbial diversity in soil treated with matrine were significantly reduced, and the gene copy numbers of Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium oxysporum were reduced by 51.2%,43.3%,40.0% and 44.5%,respectively,compared with the control. In conclusion,0.01% matrine treatment promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis seedlings,improved the soil environment,and effectively alleviated the replant disease of Malus hupehensis.
Old apple orchard with soil potted Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings as test material,the effects of matrine on seedling growth and soil microbial population were studied. The results showed that in September,compared to the control group,adding 0.01% matrine to the soil can significantly improve plant height,ground diameter,dry weight,root surface area,root volume and root respiration rate of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings,and the activities of root SOD,POD and CAT were also significantly improved. After matrine treatment,the number of bacteria and fungi in soil decreased,the decline of fungi was greater than that of bacteria,and the ratio of bacteria to fungi increased. The bacteria and fungi treated with 0.01% matrine decreased by 58.5% and 68.3%,respectively,and the ratio of bacteria to fungi increased by 30.6%. The Shannon index and Margalef index of microbial diversity in soil treated with matrine were significantly reduced, and the gene copy numbers of Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium oxysporum were reduced by 51.2%,43.3%,40.0% and 44.5%,respectively,compared with the control. In conclusion,0.01% matrine treatment promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis seedlings,improved the soil environment,and effectively alleviated the replant disease of Malus hupehensis.
引文
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Gui Shu-hua,Fu Tao,Liang Yuan-yuan,Li Ye-rong,Xie You-liang,Xiong Yi-hua,Huang Lin.2011.Studies on antifungal activity of matrine in vitro.Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology,22(4):382-385.桂蜀华，付涛，梁远园，李业荣，谢友良，熊艺花，黄琳.2011.苦参碱体外抗真菌活性研究.中药新药与临床药理，22(4):382-385.
Hua Ju-ling,Liu Guang-rong,Huang Jin-song.2012.Effect of continuous cropping of sesame on rhizospheric microbial communities.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(9):2936-2942.(in Chinese)华菊玲，刘光荣，黄劲松.2012.连作对芝麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响.生态学报，32(9):2936-2942.
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Liu Liying,Liu Kexin,Chi Xiaoli,Zhang Xiao,Xu Chao,Zhu Hao,Jin Xiao,Liu Weiwei,Sun Zhongtao,Mao Zhiquan.2018.Effects of bioorganic fertilizer SNB-86 special for continuous cropping apple on Malus hupehensis seedlings and soil environment under replant disease condition.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,45(10):2008-2018.(in Chinese)刘丽英，刘珂欣，迟晓丽，张潇，许超，朱浩，金晓，刘维维，孙中涛，毛志泉.2018.枯草芽孢杆菌SNB-86菌肥对连作平邑甜茶幼苗生长及土壤环境的影响.园艺学报，45(10):2008-2018.
LüYi,Song Fu-hai,Li Yuan-yuan,Shen Xiang,Chen Xue-sen,Wu Shu-jing,Mao Zhi-quan.2014.The influence of different crops rotation on the environment of soil and physiological characteristics of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(14):2830-2839.(in Chinese)吕毅，宋富海，李园园，沈向，陈学森，吴树敬，毛志泉.2014.轮作不同作物对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响.中国农业科学，47(14):2830-2839.
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Wang Xiaobao,Wang Gongshuai,Liu Yusong,Chen Xuesen,Shen Xiang,Yin Chengmiao,Mao Zhiquan.2018.Correlation analysis of apple replant disease and soil fungal community structure in the northwest loess plateau area.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,45(5):855-864.(in Chinese)王晓宝，王功帅，刘宇松，陈学森，沈向，尹承苗，毛志泉.2018.西北黄土高原地区苹果连作障碍与土壤真菌群落结构的相关性分析.园艺学报，45(5):855-864.
Xiang Hong,Yi Le-fei,Xu Jun-tian,Li Xin-shu,Yan Bin-lun.2013.Photosynthetic characteristics and SAMS gene expression in the red alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda under high salinity.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(20):6730-6735.(in Chinese)向红，易乐飞，徐军田，李信书，阎斌伦.2013.高盐下条斑紫菜光合特性和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因表达的变化.生态学报，33(20):6730-6735.
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Xu Shaozhuo,Liu Yusong,Xia Mingxing,Wang Yingping,Chen Xuesen,Shen Xiang,Yin Chengmiao,Mao Zhiquan.2018.Dazomet fumigation and short-time Allium fistulosum rotation can significantly reduce the apple replant disease.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,45(1):11-20.(in Chinese)徐少卓，刘宇松，夏明星，王英平，陈学森，沈向，尹承苗，毛志泉.2018.棉隆熏蒸加短期轮作葱可显著减轻苹果连作障碍.园艺学报，45(1):11-20.
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Yin Chengmiao,Wang Mei,Wang Jiayan,Chen Xuesen,Shen Xiang,Zhang Min,Mao Zhiquan.2017.The research advance on apple replant disease.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,44(11):2215-2230.(in Chinese)尹承苗，王玫，王嘉艳，陈学森，沈向，张民，毛志泉.2017.苹果连作障碍研究进展.园艺学报，44(11):2215-2230.
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Cheng Li-juan,Xue Quan-hong.2000.Microbiology laboratory technology.Xi’an:World Publishing Corporation.(in Chinese)程丽娟，薛泉宏.2000.微生物学实验技术.西安：世界图书出版公司.
Feng Jun-tao,Shi Yong-qiang,Zhang Xing.2001.Screening studies on fungistasis of 56 plant extracts.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),29(2):65-68.冯俊涛，石勇强，张兴.2001.56种植物抑菌活性筛选试验.西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版），29(2):65-68.
Gui Shu-hua,Fu Tao,Liang Yuan-yuan,Li Ye-rong,Xie You-liang,Xiong Yi-hua,Huang Lin.2011.Studies on antifungal activity of matrine in vitro.Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology,22(4):382-385.桂蜀华，付涛，梁远园，李业荣，谢友良，熊艺花，黄琳.2011.苦参碱体外抗真菌活性研究.中药新药与临床药理，22(4):382-385.
Hua Ju-ling,Liu Guang-rong,Huang Jin-song.2012.Effect of continuous cropping of sesame on rhizospheric microbial communities.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(9):2936-2942.(in Chinese)华菊玲，刘光荣，黄劲松.2012.连作对芝麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响.生态学报，32(9):2936-2942.
Kar M,Mishra D.1976.Catalase,peroxidase,and polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence.Plant Physiology,57:315-319.
Li He-sheng.2002.Modern plant physiology.Beijing:Higher Education Press.(in Chinese)李合生.2002.现代植物生理学.北京：高等教育出版社.
Li Lin-mao,Men Xing-yuan,Ye Bao-hua,Yu Yi,Zhang An-sheng,Li Li-li,Zhou Xian-hong,Zhuang Qian-ying.2014.Defense enzyme activity of winter jujube at different stages induced by the damage of Apolygus lucorum.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(1):191-198.(in Chinese)李林懋，门兴元，叶保华，于毅，张安盛，李丽莉，周仙红，庄乾营.2014.不同生长时期冬枣受绿盲蝽危害后应激防御酶活性的变化.中国农业科学，47(1):191-198.
Liu En-tai,Li Yuan-yuan,Hu Yan-li,Sun Chuan-xiang,Mao Zhi-quan.2014.Effects of dazomet on edaphon and growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd.under continuous apple cropping.Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(4):847-852.(in Chinese)刘恩太，李园园，胡艳丽，孙传香，毛志泉.2014.棉隆对苹果连作土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响.生态学报，34(4):847-852.
Liu Liying,Liu Kexin,Chi Xiaoli,Zhang Xiao,Xu Chao,Zhu Hao,Jin Xiao,Liu Weiwei,Sun Zhongtao,Mao Zhiquan.2018.Effects of bioorganic fertilizer SNB-86 special for continuous cropping apple on Malus hupehensis seedlings and soil environment under replant disease condition.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,45(10):2008-2018.(in Chinese)刘丽英，刘珂欣，迟晓丽，张潇，许超，朱浩，金晓，刘维维，孙中涛，毛志泉.2018.枯草芽孢杆菌SNB-86菌肥对连作平邑甜茶幼苗生长及土壤环境的影响.园艺学报，45(10):2008-2018.
LüYi,Song Fu-hai,Li Yuan-yuan,Shen Xiang,Chen Xue-sen,Wu Shu-jing,Mao Zhi-quan.2014.The influence of different crops rotation on the environment of soil and physiological characteristics of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(14):2830-2839.(in Chinese)吕毅，宋富海，李园园，沈向，陈学森，吴树敬，毛志泉.2014.轮作不同作物对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响.中国农业科学，47(14):2830-2839.
Mazzola M.1998.Elucidation of the microbial complex having a causal role in the development of apple replant disease in Washington.Phytopathology,88(9):930-937.
Mazzola M,Manici L M.2012.Apple replant disease:role of microbial ecology in cause and control.Annual Review Phytopathol,(50):45-65.
Omran R G.1980.Peroxide levels and the activities of catalase,peroxidase and indoleacetic acid oxidase during and after chilling cucumber seedlings.Plant Physiology,65(2):407-408.
Schoor L V,Denman S,Cook N C.2009.Characterisation of apple replant disease under South African conditions and potential biological management strategies.Scientia Horticulturae,119(2):153-162
Wang Xiaobao,Wang Gongshuai,Liu Yusong,Chen Xuesen,Shen Xiang,Yin Chengmiao,Mao Zhiquan.2018.Correlation analysis of apple replant disease and soil fungal community structure in the northwest loess plateau area.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,45(5):855-864.(in Chinese)王晓宝，王功帅，刘宇松，陈学森，沈向，尹承苗，毛志泉.2018.西北黄土高原地区苹果连作障碍与土壤真菌群落结构的相关性分析.园艺学报，45(5):855-864.
Xiang Hong,Yi Le-fei,Xu Jun-tian,Li Xin-shu,Yan Bin-lun.2013.Photosynthetic characteristics and SAMS gene expression in the red alga Porphyra yezoensis Ueda under high salinity.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(20):6730-6735.(in Chinese)向红，易乐飞，徐军田，李信书，阎斌伦.2013.高盐下条斑紫菜光合特性和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因表达的变化.生态学报，33(20):6730-6735.
Xiong Xin.2015.Effects of matrine on growth and development of tomato plants[M.D.Dissertation].Yangling:Northwest A&F University.(in Chinese)熊鑫.2015.苦参碱对番茄植物生长发育的影响[硕士论文].杨凌：西北农林科技大学.
Xu Shaozhuo,Liu Yusong,Xia Mingxing,Wang Yingping,Chen Xuesen,Shen Xiang,Yin Chengmiao,Mao Zhiquan.2018.Dazomet fumigation and short-time Allium fistulosum rotation can significantly reduce the apple replant disease.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,45(1):11-20.(in Chinese)徐少卓，刘宇松，夏明星，王英平，陈学森，沈向，尹承苗，毛志泉.2018.棉隆熏蒸加短期轮作葱可显著减轻苹果连作障碍.园艺学报，45(1):11-20.
Xu Wen-feng.2011.Diversity analysis of soil fungi from Bohai Bay apple replanted orchard and the screening of the antagonistic fungi[M.D.Dissertation].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University.(in Chinese)徐文凤.2011.环渤海湾地区重茬苹果园土壤真菌群落多样性及生防真菌的筛选[硕士论文].泰安：山东农业大学.
Yang Xue-yun,Zhao Bo-guang,Jun Yun-wei.2008.Antifungal activities and synergetic tests of matrine and oxymatrine to some tree pathogens.Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),32(2):79-82.杨雪云，赵博光，巨云为.2008.苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的抑菌活性及增效作用.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)，32(2):79-82.
Yang Yeqing,Fan Linjuan,Liu Qizhi,Li Weihua,Song Zhaoxin.2018.Effects of dazomet and chloropicrin on the soil nematode communities and nutrient content of replanted strawberry.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,45(4):725-733.(in Chinese)杨叶青，范琳娟，刘奇志，李维华，宋兆欣.2018.棉隆和氯化苦熏蒸对重茬草莓土壤线虫群落及养分含量的影响.园艺学报，45(4):725-733.
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