基于表面阻抗边界的变压器杂散损耗计算方法
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摘要
表面阻抗法是基于电磁波理论并将导体表面阻抗作为一种边界条件进行有限元求解的方法,它具有求解规模小、计算效率高等优势。首先借助工程电磁场数值计算软件Magnet,使用有限元法和表面阻抗法对该模型进行仿真,然后基于TEAM Problem 21基准族中的P21-B模型搭建了变压器杂散损耗测试系统,用于测量在不同频率电流激励条件下的变压器杂散损耗。针对现有测量方法的不足,引入温度系数对测量结果进行修正,并采用改进线圈损耗法以得到更准确的杂散损耗测量结果。通过与实验值对比,验证了有限元法与表面阻抗法计算结果的准确性。从计算规模和时间角度分析,表面阻抗法远远小于有限元法,大大节省了计算资源。
Based on the theory of electromagnetic waves, the surface impedance method is a finite element method used surface impedance as a boundary condition, whose advantages are of low calculation and high computational efficiency. Firstly, Magnet is used to simulate the model by finite element method and surface impedance. Then, based on the P21-B model in the TEAM Problem 21 reference family, a stray loss test system is built. The stray loss is measured under different current excitation conditions. The temperature coefficient is introduced to improve the measurement, and the improved coil loss method is adopted to obtain more accurate stray loss measurement results. The calculation results of the finite element method and the surface impedance are verified with experimental measurements. The surface impedance is much smaller than the finite element method in terms of calculation scale and time, which greatly saves computational resources.
Based on the theory of electromagnetic waves, the surface impedance method is a finite element method used surface impedance as a boundary condition, whose advantages are of low calculation and high computational efficiency. Firstly, Magnet is used to simulate the model by finite element method and surface impedance. Then, based on the P21-B model in the TEAM Problem 21 reference family, a stray loss test system is built. The stray loss is measured under different current excitation conditions. The temperature coefficient is introduced to improve the measurement, and the improved coil loss method is adopted to obtain more accurate stray loss measurement results. The calculation results of the finite element method and the surface impedance are verified with experimental measurements. The surface impedance is much smaller than the finite element method in terms of calculation scale and time, which greatly saves computational resources.
引文
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[16] CHENG Z G, BEHZAD F, LIU Y, et al. Magnetic loss inside solid and laminated components under Extreme Excitations[J].International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 2016, 5(1): 21-30.
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[18] 刘涛, 刘兰荣, 张俊杰, 等. 基于TEAM P21基准模型的杂散损耗测量方法研究与验证[J]. 电力科学与工程, 2017, 33(12):61- 66.LIU T, LIU L R, ZHANG J J, et al. Research and verification of stray loss measurement method based on TEAM P21 reference model[J]. Electric Power Science & Engineering, 2017, 33(12): 61- 66.
[19] 何怡刚, 汪涛, 施天成, 等. 基于RFID传感器标签与深度学习的变压器状态监测方法研究[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2018,23(9):72-79.HE Y G, WANG T, SHI T CH, et al. Research on transformer state monitoring method based on RFID sensor tag and deep learning[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2018, 23(9): 72-79.
[2] 张良县,陈模生,彭宗仁,等. 非正弦负载电流下特高压换流变压器绕组的谐波损耗分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(15):2452- 2459.ZGANG L X, CHEN M SH, PENG Z R, et al. Harmonic loss analysis of UHV converter transformer windings under non-sinusoidal load current [J]. China Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2014, 34 (15): 2452- 2459.
[3] 王有元,周婧婧,陈伟根. 基于模糊决策的电力变压器风险评估方法[J].仪器仪表学报, 2009, 30(8): 1662-1667.WANG Y Y, ZHOU J J, CHEN W G.Power transformer risk assessment method based on fuzzy decision[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2009,30(8): 1662-1667.
[4] 刘振亚,张启平,董存,等. 通过特高压直流实现大型能源基地风、光、火电力大规模高效率安全外送研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2513- 2522.LIU ZH Y, ZHANG Q P, DONG C, et al. Efficient and security transmission of wind, photovoltaic and thermal power of large-scale energy resource bases through UHVDC projects[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(16): 2513- 2522.
[5] 梁艳萍, 张广超, 高莲莲, 等. 核主泵驱动电动机屏蔽套涡流损耗混合算法研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018,33(5):1015-1023LIANG Y P, ZHANG G CH, GAO L L, et al. Study on eddy current loss hybrid algorithm for shielded casing of nuclear main pump drive motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018,33(5):1015-1023
[6] 陈彬, 李琳, 刘海军,等. 基于有限元法的高频变压器漏电感和绕组损耗计算与分析[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2018,37(1):8-14.CHEN B, LI L, LIU H J, et al. Calculation and analysis of leakage inductance and winding loss of high frequency transformer based on finite element method[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2018, 37(1): 8-14.
[7] 程志光,刘涛,范亚娜,等. 基于TEAM P21三维杂散场问题建模仿真与验证[J]. 电工技术学报,2014,29(9):194- 203.CHENG ZH G, LIU T, FAN Y N, et al. TEAM P21 based validation of 3D stray-field modeling and simulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(9):194- 203.
[8] KULKARNI S V, OLIVARES J C, ESCARELAPEREZ R, et al. Evaluation of eddy current losses in the cover plates of distribution transformers[J]. Iee Proceedings-science Measurement and Technology, 2004, 151(5): 313-318.
[9] GUERIN C, MEUNIER G, TANNEAU G. Surface impedance for 3D nonlinear eddy current problems-application to loss computation in transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1996, 32(3):808- 811.
[10] MACLEAN W. Theory of strong electromagnetic waves in massiveiron[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1954,25(10):1267-1270.
[11] 赵志刚,魏乐,温涛,等. 变压器铁心模型谐波磁损耗的计算与分析[J]. 仪器仪表学报,2018,39(11):179-187.ZHAO ZH G, WEI L, WEN T, et al. Calculation and analysis of harmonic magnetic loss of transformer core model [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2018,39(11): 179-187.
[12] 李茉. 基于阻抗边界法的变压器箱壳涡流损耗计算[D]. 北京:清华大学,2012.LI M. Calculation of eddy current loss in transformer tank shells based on the impedance boundary condition[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2012.
[13] 刘华,刘锐,付洋洋,等.基于阻抗边界法的换流变压器箱壳谐波损耗计算[J].高电压技术,2015,41(9):3171-3176.LIU H, LIU R, FU Y Y, et al. Calculation of harmonic loss in converter transformer tank shells based on the impedance boundary condition [J]. High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(9):3171-3176.
[14] 范亚娜,刘洋,马光,等. 电力变压器两种磁屏蔽中磁通及损耗的仿真分析与验证[J].电工电能新技术,2015, 34(7):32-36.FAN Y N,LIU Y,MA G, et al. Analysis and validation of flux and iron loss inside two kinds of magnetic shielding of power transformer[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2015,34(7):32-36.
[15] 吴德会,游德海,柳振凉. 交流漏磁检测趋肤深度的机理与实验研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报,2014,35(2):327-336.WU D H, YOU D H, LIU ZH L. Mechanism and experimental study of skin depth in AC magnetic flux leakage detection[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2014, 35(2): 327-336.
[16] CHENG Z G, BEHZAD F, LIU Y, et al. Magnetic loss inside solid and laminated components under Extreme Excitations[J].International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 2016, 5(1): 21-30.
[17] 王晓燕,程志光,李琳. 改进的基于TEAM 21模型杂散损耗测量和验证方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(6): 21- 27.WANG X Y, CHENG ZH G, LI L. An improved method for measuring and verifying stray loss based on TEAM 21 model [J]. Journal of Electrical Technology, 2013, 28 (6): 21- 27.
[18] 刘涛, 刘兰荣, 张俊杰, 等. 基于TEAM P21基准模型的杂散损耗测量方法研究与验证[J]. 电力科学与工程, 2017, 33(12):61- 66.LIU T, LIU L R, ZHANG J J, et al. Research and verification of stray loss measurement method based on TEAM P21 reference model[J]. Electric Power Science & Engineering, 2017, 33(12): 61- 66.
[19] 何怡刚, 汪涛, 施天成, 等. 基于RFID传感器标签与深度学习的变压器状态监测方法研究[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2018,23(9):72-79.HE Y G, WANG T, SHI T CH, et al. Research on transformer state monitoring method based on RFID sensor tag and deep learning[J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2018, 23(9): 72-79.