不同材质的引雷塔引雷能力模拟实验研究
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摘要
为探究由不同材料构成的高塔对自身引雷能力的影响机理,采用负极性标准操作波分别对按照1:12.5比例缩小的角钢模型塔和环氧树脂模型塔进行了大量的间隙放电实验,实验分为单塔间隙距离为1、3、5、7 m等条件下的放电和双塔选择性放电2部分。实验中采用升降法获取不同间隙下两塔的50%放电电压,并用高速摄像仪对间隙放电过程进行观测。实验结果表明:在单塔间隙放电实验中,不同间隙距离下的角钢塔击穿电压要低于环氧树脂塔,在双塔选择性放电中,角钢塔的接闪次数百分比较环氧树脂塔的多44%,故角钢塔的引雷能力要优于环氧树脂塔。实验结论有助于改善引雷塔引雷措施的引雷效果,使得输电线路得到更为优化的保护,同时为引雷塔的设计和建设提供参考。
In order to explore the influence mechanism of the lightning towers composed of different materials on their own lightning triggering ability, numerous discharge experiments with standard negative switching impulse were conducted on two lightning tower models which made of angle steel and epoxy resin respectively and scaled in ratio of 12.5:1.The gap discharge tests of the lightning tower were divided into two parts: single-tower gap distances of 1 m, 3 m, 5 m and 7 m,and selective discharge of double towers. Up-and-down method was used to obtain the 50% discharge voltage of the two towers under different gap distances in the tests, and high-speed camera system was used to observe the discharge process. Test results showed that the breakdown voltage of the steel tower at different gap distances was lower than that of the composite tower in single-tower gap discharge tests; the percentage of flashing of the steel tower was 44% higher than that of the composite tower in the selective discharge of double towers.The lightning triggering ability of the steel tower was better than that of the composite tower. The conclusion of the test provides a reference for construction and design of the lightning towers. The effect of lightning triggering measures for the lightning towers could be improved by changing materials of the tower, so that the transmission line could be better protected.
In order to explore the influence mechanism of the lightning towers composed of different materials on their own lightning triggering ability, numerous discharge experiments with standard negative switching impulse were conducted on two lightning tower models which made of angle steel and epoxy resin respectively and scaled in ratio of 12.5:1.The gap discharge tests of the lightning tower were divided into two parts: single-tower gap distances of 1 m, 3 m, 5 m and 7 m,and selective discharge of double towers. Up-and-down method was used to obtain the 50% discharge voltage of the two towers under different gap distances in the tests, and high-speed camera system was used to observe the discharge process. Test results showed that the breakdown voltage of the steel tower at different gap distances was lower than that of the composite tower in single-tower gap discharge tests; the percentage of flashing of the steel tower was 44% higher than that of the composite tower in the selective discharge of double towers.The lightning triggering ability of the steel tower was better than that of the composite tower. The conclusion of the test provides a reference for construction and design of the lightning towers. The effect of lightning triggering measures for the lightning towers could be improved by changing materials of the tower, so that the transmission line could be better protected.
引文
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[2]吴利强.浅谈输电线路引雷塔的特性及综合防雷效果[J].现代制造,2017(18):32-33.
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[5]Disyadej T,Grzybowski S.Laboratory study of the lightning attractive width for transmission lines[J].Journal of Lightning Research,2012,4(7):27-35.
[6]Disyadej T,Grzybowski S.Laboratory investigation on lightning flashes to high voltage transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(11):2707-2714.
[7]叶相春,尹诚.可控放电避雷针设计机理及其应用[J].数字技术,2014(1):81-83.
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[9]陈维江,曾嵘,贺恒鑫.长空气间隙放电研究进展[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1281-1295.Chen Weijiang,Zeng Rong,He Hengxin.Research progress of long air gap discharges[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1281-1295(in Chinese).
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[11]陈维江,谷山强,谢施君,等.长空气间隙放电过程的实验观测技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):13-21.Chen Weijiang,Gu Shanqiang,Xie Shijun,et al.Experimental observation technology for long air gap discharge[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2012,32(10):13-21(in Chinese).
[12]Suzuki T,Miyake K,Kishizima I.Study of experimental simulation of lightning strokes[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and System,1981,PAS-100(4):1703-1711.
[13]谢施君,贺恒鑫,向念文,等.棒-棒间隙操作冲击放电过程的实验观测[J].高电压技术,2012,38(8):2083-2090.Xie Shijun,He Hengxin,Xiang Nianwen,et al.Experimental study on the discharge processes of rod-rod air gap under switching impulse voltag[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(8):2083-2090(in Chinese).
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[15]王峰,曾嵘,耿屹楠,等.雷电冲击下棒-板间隙空间电场的测量[J].高电压技术,2011,37(12):2971-2977.Wang Feng,Zeng Rong,Geng Yinan,et al.Measurement of lightning impulse electric field in rod-plate air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(12):2971-2977(in Chinese).
[16]丁玉剑,律方成,李鹏,等.±1100 kV特高压直流杆塔间隙放电特性[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1032-1038.Ding Yujian,LüFangcheng,Li Peng,et al.Discharge characteristics of±1100 kV UHV DC tower air gaps[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1032-1038(in Chinese).
[17]王羽.长间隙放电特性实验研究及在防雷中的应用[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.
[18]黄道春,卢威,阮江军,等.典型植被燃烧灰烬对导线-板间隙直流击穿特性的影响[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1668-1674.Huang Daochun,Lu Wei,Ruan Jiangjun,et al.Influence of typical vegetation ashes on DC breakdown characteristics of conductor-plane air gap[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1668-1674(in Chinese).
[19]郑殿春,丁宁,沈湘东,等.基于分形理论的尖-板电极短空气隙放电现象[J].物理学报,2016,65(2):1-6.Zheng Dianchun,Ding Ning,Shen Xiangdong,et al.Discharge phenomena of short-air-gap in needle-plate electrode based on fractal theory[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(2):1-6(in Chinese).
[20]王东来,卢铁兵,陈博,等.±1100 kV特高压直流输电线路邻近树木时合成电场建模计算与特性研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3441-3447.Wang Donglai,Lu Tiebing,Chen Bo,et al.Modelling and characteristic research of total electric field around trees near±1100kV UHVDC transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3441-3447(in Chinese).
[21]Hulzler B.雷电模拟[J].雷电与静电,1989(2):58-69.
[22]王羽,文习山,蓝磊,等.输电线路杆塔塔头引雷能力模拟实验研究[J].高压电器,2012,48(6):56-60.Wang Yu,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et a1.Study on simulation test for triggered lightning ability of transmission line tower head[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(6):56-60(in Chinese).
[23]王羽,文习山,蓝磊,等.模型比例对架空输电线路雷电屏蔽性能模拟实验的影响[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):443-449.Wang Yu,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et al.Effects of model scale on lightning shielding simulation test of overhead transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):443-449(in Chinese).
[24]文习山,屈路,王羽,等.叶片转动对风机引雷能力影响的模拟实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):2151-2158.Wen Xishan,Qu Lu,Wang Yu,et al.Experimental study of the influence of the blade rotation on triggered lightning ability of wind turbine’s blades[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):2151-2158(in Chinese).
[25]贺恒鑫,何俊佳,蒋正龙,等.±500 kV直流输电线路雷电屏蔽模拟实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(7):20-26.He Hengxin,He Junjia,Jiang Zhenglong,et al.Experimental study on lighting shielding performance of±500 kV HVDC transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(7):20-26(in Chinese).
[26]GB/T 16927.1-1997,高电压实验技术:第一部分:一般实验要求[S].
[27]朱德恒,严璋.高电压绝缘技术[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2003:37-91.
[28]蒋兴良,王军,胡建林,等.1m棒-板空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(16):138-143.Jang Xingliang,Wang Jun,Hu Jianjun,et al.Positive polarity switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of1m rod-plane air gap[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(16):138-143(in Chinese).
[29]张进,赵录兴,谢莉,等.±1100 kV换流站管母线选型及地面合成电场研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):373-379.Zhang Jin,Zhao Luxing,Xie Li,et al.Study on type selection of tubular busbars and compound electric field in±1100 k V converter station[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):373-379(in Chinese).
[2]吴利强.浅谈输电线路引雷塔的特性及综合防雷效果[J].现代制造,2017(18):32-33.
[3]方超颖,文习山,王羽.等.接地电阻对风机浆叶引雷能力影响模拟实验[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1709-1713.Fang Chaoying,Wenxishan,Wang Yu,et al.Experimental study of the influence of the grounding resistance on triggered lightning abilities of wind turbine’s flabellum[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1709-1713(in Chinese).
[4]Grzybowski S,Disyadej T,Mallick S.Investigation on lightning attractive width of transmission lines:Experimental studies[C]//2010IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition:Smart Solutions for a Changing World,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,2010:1-5.
[5]Disyadej T,Grzybowski S.Laboratory study of the lightning attractive width for transmission lines[J].Journal of Lightning Research,2012,4(7):27-35.
[6]Disyadej T,Grzybowski S.Laboratory investigation on lightning flashes to high voltage transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(11):2707-2714.
[7]叶相春,尹诚.可控放电避雷针设计机理及其应用[J].数字技术,2014(1):81-83.
[8]李博.重庆雷电时空分布特征及雷灾研究[D].南京:南京信息工程,2011.
[9]陈维江,曾嵘,贺恒鑫.长空气间隙放电研究进展[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1281-1295.Chen Weijiang,Zeng Rong,He Hengxin.Research progress of long air gap discharges[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1281-1295(in Chinese).
[10]谢施君,谷山强,陈维江,等.负极性长间隙放电梯级先导特征[J].高电压技术,2009,35(12):2953-2957.Xie Shijun,Gu Shanqiang,Chen Weijiang,et al.Characteristics of the stepped leader of negative discharge in long air gaps[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(12):2953-2957(in Chinese).
[11]陈维江,谷山强,谢施君,等.长空气间隙放电过程的实验观测技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):13-21.Chen Weijiang,Gu Shanqiang,Xie Shijun,et al.Experimental observation technology for long air gap discharge[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2012,32(10):13-21(in Chinese).
[12]Suzuki T,Miyake K,Kishizima I.Study of experimental simulation of lightning strokes[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and System,1981,PAS-100(4):1703-1711.
[13]谢施君,贺恒鑫,向念文,等.棒-棒间隙操作冲击放电过程的实验观测[J].高电压技术,2012,38(8):2083-2090.Xie Shijun,He Hengxin,Xiang Nianwen,et al.Experimental study on the discharge processes of rod-rod air gap under switching impulse voltag[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(8):2083-2090(in Chinese).
[14]王羽,李志军,戴敏.长空气间隙负极性操作波冲击放电特性研究(I):实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3534-3540Wang Yu,Li Zhijun,Dai min.Research on typical long air gaps with negative switching impulses(I):experiments[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3534-3540(in Chinese).
[15]王峰,曾嵘,耿屹楠,等.雷电冲击下棒-板间隙空间电场的测量[J].高电压技术,2011,37(12):2971-2977.Wang Feng,Zeng Rong,Geng Yinan,et al.Measurement of lightning impulse electric field in rod-plate air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(12):2971-2977(in Chinese).
[16]丁玉剑,律方成,李鹏,等.±1100 kV特高压直流杆塔间隙放电特性[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1032-1038.Ding Yujian,LüFangcheng,Li Peng,et al.Discharge characteristics of±1100 kV UHV DC tower air gaps[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1032-1038(in Chinese).
[17]王羽.长间隙放电特性实验研究及在防雷中的应用[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.
[18]黄道春,卢威,阮江军,等.典型植被燃烧灰烬对导线-板间隙直流击穿特性的影响[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1668-1674.Huang Daochun,Lu Wei,Ruan Jiangjun,et al.Influence of typical vegetation ashes on DC breakdown characteristics of conductor-plane air gap[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1668-1674(in Chinese).
[19]郑殿春,丁宁,沈湘东,等.基于分形理论的尖-板电极短空气隙放电现象[J].物理学报,2016,65(2):1-6.Zheng Dianchun,Ding Ning,Shen Xiangdong,et al.Discharge phenomena of short-air-gap in needle-plate electrode based on fractal theory[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(2):1-6(in Chinese).
[20]王东来,卢铁兵,陈博,等.±1100 kV特高压直流输电线路邻近树木时合成电场建模计算与特性研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(11):3441-3447.Wang Donglai,Lu Tiebing,Chen Bo,et al.Modelling and characteristic research of total electric field around trees near±1100kV UHVDC transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(11):3441-3447(in Chinese).
[21]Hulzler B.雷电模拟[J].雷电与静电,1989(2):58-69.
[22]王羽,文习山,蓝磊,等.输电线路杆塔塔头引雷能力模拟实验研究[J].高压电器,2012,48(6):56-60.Wang Yu,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et a1.Study on simulation test for triggered lightning ability of transmission line tower head[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(6):56-60(in Chinese).
[23]王羽,文习山,蓝磊,等.模型比例对架空输电线路雷电屏蔽性能模拟实验的影响[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):443-449.Wang Yu,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et al.Effects of model scale on lightning shielding simulation test of overhead transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):443-449(in Chinese).
[24]文习山,屈路,王羽,等.叶片转动对风机引雷能力影响的模拟实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(7):2151-2158.Wen Xishan,Qu Lu,Wang Yu,et al.Experimental study of the influence of the blade rotation on triggered lightning ability of wind turbine’s blades[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(7):2151-2158(in Chinese).
[25]贺恒鑫,何俊佳,蒋正龙,等.±500 kV直流输电线路雷电屏蔽模拟实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(7):20-26.He Hengxin,He Junjia,Jiang Zhenglong,et al.Experimental study on lighting shielding performance of±500 kV HVDC transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(7):20-26(in Chinese).
[26]GB/T 16927.1-1997,高电压实验技术:第一部分:一般实验要求[S].
[27]朱德恒,严璋.高电压绝缘技术[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2003:37-91.
[28]蒋兴良,王军,胡建林,等.1m棒-板空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(16):138-143.Jang Xingliang,Wang Jun,Hu Jianjun,et al.Positive polarity switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of1m rod-plane air gap[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(16):138-143(in Chinese).
[29]张进,赵录兴,谢莉,等.±1100 kV换流站管母线选型及地面合成电场研究[J].电网技术,2018,42(2):373-379.Zhang Jin,Zhao Luxing,Xie Li,et al.Study on type selection of tubular busbars and compound electric field in±1100 k V converter station[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(2):373-379(in Chinese).