现代日本大学的教师人事制度改革——以任期制和薪酬制改革为中心
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摘要
20世纪90年代以来,日本为了适应国际国内政治经济环境的变化,展开了以教师任期制改革和教师薪酬制改革为代表的大学教师人事制度改革。教师任期制改革促进了教师队伍的流动,提升了大学的学术研究水平,实现了从终身雇佣到聘期任用的转变;薪酬制改革建立起奖勤奖能的差别化工资体系,强化了激励机制的杠杆作用,实现了从保障性体制到竞争性体制的转变。
Since the 1990s, Japan's universities have carried out the reform of the teaching personnel system which is represented by the reform of the teachers' tenure system and salary system. The reform of teachers' tenure system has accelerated the flow of the teaching staff, elevated universities' academic research level and realized the shift from the teachers' tenure system to the appointment system. Due to the reform of the salary system, the differential salary system has been established, in which the industrious and capable work are rewarded, the lever effect of the incentive system has been strengthened and the change from the teachers' guaranteed salary system to the competitive salary system has come true. The reform experience of Japan's universities has important referential value to the current reform of the teaching personnel system of China's universities.
Since the 1990s, Japan's universities have carried out the reform of the teaching personnel system which is represented by the reform of the teachers' tenure system and salary system. The reform of teachers' tenure system has accelerated the flow of the teaching staff, elevated universities' academic research level and realized the shift from the teachers' tenure system to the appointment system. Due to the reform of the salary system, the differential salary system has been established, in which the industrious and capable work are rewarded, the lever effect of the incentive system has been strengthened and the change from the teachers' guaranteed salary system to the competitive salary system has come true. The reform experience of Japan's universities has important referential value to the current reform of the teaching personnel system of China's universities.
引文
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[7][10] 张荆.日本高校体制及薪酬制度的研究与思考[J].北京联合大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(1):104-114.
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[9]张荆,赵卫华.高校教师收入分配与激励机制改革研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:32.
[2](日)佐藤龍子.国立大学の任期制教員の現状[J].社会科学,2010(2):167-183.
[3]胡建华.日本大学教师任期制改革述评[J].比较教育研究,2001(7):28-31.
[5]文部科学省.任期制の若手研究者を定年制に移行させる「テニュア?トラック」制度を導入[EB∕OL].(2017-12-22).http://www.university.main.jp/blog3/archives/post_976.html.
[6]高益民.从工资制度看日本的教师优遇政策[J].比较教育研究,2012(8):1-7.
[7][10] 张荆.日本高校体制及薪酬制度的研究与思考[J].北京联合大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(1):104-114.
[8]厚生労働省.平成28年賃金構造基本統計調査[EB∕OL].(2017-12-26).http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/itiran/roudou/chingin/kouzou/z2016.
[9]张荆,赵卫华.高校教师收入分配与激励机制改革研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:32.