接地网材料的腐蚀及其防护发展
|
摘要
接地网材料在土壤中的腐蚀是电力、电气设备发生故障的关键原因。本文讨论了影响材料土壤腐蚀的重要影响因素,介绍了常用金属材料的土壤腐蚀行为以及接地极材料的腐蚀特性,综述了接地网材料腐蚀防护研究的进展。
The soil corrosion of materials in grounding grid is a critical factor for the safe operation of electricity facilities, which is a complex phenomenon. The corrosion behavior of selected metallic materials in soil and the factors significantly influencing the corrosion are introduced in this paper. Furthermore,the selection of material used for grounding electrode is considered and the progress in the development of anti-corrosion measure is also reviewed.
The soil corrosion of materials in grounding grid is a critical factor for the safe operation of electricity facilities, which is a complex phenomenon. The corrosion behavior of selected metallic materials in soil and the factors significantly influencing the corrosion are introduced in this paper. Furthermore,the selection of material used for grounding electrode is considered and the progress in the development of anti-corrosion measure is also reviewed.
引文
[1] Fu C F, Hu J X, Yang D N, et al. Survey on soil corrosion of ground‐ing grid of power substations in Hainan Island[J]. Corros. Sci. Prot.Technol., 2017, 29:97(符传福,胡家秀,杨大宁等.海南省变电站接地网土壤腐蚀情况调研与分析[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术, 2017, 29:97)
[2] Lv W Y, Liu S N, Su W, et al. Research progresses in the corrosion and protection of grounding grid at substation[J]. Total Corros.Control, 2013, 27(12):26(吕旺燕,刘世念,苏伟等.变电站接地网腐蚀与防护技术的研究进展[J].全面腐蚀控制, 2013, 27(12):26)
[3] Meng X M, Wang L M, Chen S M, et al. Research status and pros‐pect of grounding material in power engineering[J]. New Chem.Mater., 2016, 44(9):10(孟晓明,王利民,陈思敏等.电力工程接地材料研究现状及展望[J].化工新型材料, 2016, 44(9):10)
[4] Marciniak R, Loboda M, Nowak R. Influence of climatic conditions in China on reliability of power earthing system[A]. 2010 Asia-Pa‐cific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility[C]. Beijing, 2010:1542
[5] Zhu Z P, Ma X, Jing L L, et al. Soil corrosion evaluation of substa‐tion and metal corrosion characteristics analysis for grounding grid[J]. Insulat. Surge Arrest., 2009,(4):18(朱志平,马骁,荆玲玲等.变电站土壤腐蚀性评价及接地网金属腐蚀特性分析[J].电瓷避雷器, 2009,(4):18)
[6] Zha F L, Feng B, He T X. Corrosion behavior of copper grounding materials buried in soil at different depths[J]. Mater. Prot., 2015, 48(3):48(查方林,冯兵,何铁祥.不同埋地深度下铜质接地网材料的腐蚀特性[J].材料保护, 2015, 48(3):48)
[7] Pope D H, Morris E A. Some experiences with microbiologically in‐fluenced corrosion of pipelines[J]. Mater. Perform., 1995, 34:23
[8] Wagner P, Little B. Impact of alloying on microbiologically influ‐enced corrosion-A review[J]. Mater. Perform., 1993, 32:65
[9] Zhu M, Du C W, Li X G, et al. Corrosion behavior of pure copper and copper-clad steels in soil at Dagang district[J]. J. Chin. Soc.Corros. Prot., 2013, 33:496(朱敏,杜翠薇,李晓刚等.纯Cu和铜包钢在大港土壤环境中的腐蚀行为研究[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2013, 33:496)
[10] Wu X M, Li C H, Li S C, et al. Corrosion survey of copper ground‐ing materials in Liaoning[J]. Total Corros. Control, 2015, 29(1):48(吴细毛,李春和,李胜川等.接地网中铜材料的腐蚀调查[J].全面腐蚀控制, 2015, 29(1):48)
[11] Cai Z Z, Cai Y X, Tao S Y, et al. Corrosion performance on several grounding net materials in soils of Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J]. Cor‐ros. Sci. Prot. Technol., 2017, 29:183(蔡忠周,蔡永祥,陶世银等.青藏高原几种接地网材料在土壤中的腐蚀特性研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术, 2017, 29:183)
[12] Xin L L, Li Y W, Jiang J T, et al. Research on corrosion resistance performance of copper coated steel strand for substation earth mat[J]. Zhejiang Electr. Power, 2017, 36(9):44(辛玲玲,李延伟,姜炯挺等.某变电站接地网铜覆钢绞线防腐性能测试研究[J].浙江电力, 2017, 36(9):44)
[13] Yan A J, Wang Y N, Zheng B Y, et al. Study of the corrosion behav‐ior of copper clad steel in soil solution under different pH values[J]. Total Corros. Control, 2014, 28(8):53(闫爱军,王玉娜,郑博野等.不同pH值的土壤溶液中铜包钢的腐蚀行为研究[J].全面腐蚀控制, 2014, 28(8):53)
[14] Lin S, Wu N Q, Li Z Z. Effect of coupling agent on electric con‐ductivity stability of copper filled composite paints[J]. Acta Ma‐ter. Compos. Sin., 1999, 16(4):44(林硕,吴年强,李志章.偶联剂对铜系复合涂料导电稳定性的影响[J].复合材料学报, 1999, 16(4):44)
[15] Cong X M, Wang P, Du Z M. Waterborne acrylic/graphite conduc‐tive coatings[J]. Paint Coat. Ind., 2004, 34(6):20(从小明,王鹏,杜志明.水性丙烯酸/石墨导电涂料[J].涂料工业, 2004, 34(6):20)
[16] Wang Z H, Deng D Y, He X M, et al. Research on the anti-corro‐sion carbon fiber material for the grounding grid[J]. Qinghai Elec‐tr. Power, 2014, 33(3):27(王志惠,邓大勇,何喜梅等.碳纤维接地网防腐材料研究[J].青海电力, 2014, 33(3):27)
[17] Feng Y C, Qu M Z, Zhou G M, et al. Study of the carbon nano‐tubes application to conductive coatings-(I)Effects of the carbon nanotubes on the electrical conductivity of conductive coatings[J]. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2004, 20(2):133(冯永成,瞿美臻,周固民等.碳纳米管在导电涂料中的应用研究—(Ⅰ)碳纳米管对导电涂料导电性的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程, 2004, 20(2):133)
[18] Kitano T, Maeda Y, Akasaka T. Preparation of transparent and con‐ductive thin films of carbon nanotubes using a spreading/coating technique[J]. Carbon, 2009, 47:3559
[19] Yu X, Rajamani R, Stelson K A, et al. Fabrication of carbon nano‐tube based transparent conductive thin films using layer-by-layer technology[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202:2002
[20] Xiao G Z, Tao Y, Lu J P, et al. Highly conductive and transparent carbon nanotube composite thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate solution dipping[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2010, 518:2822
[21] Wang M B, Zou S Y, Xiao D, et al. Study of method for making Ni-TiN cermet coating grounding network material[J]. J. China Three Gorges Univ.(Nat. Sci.), 2017, 39(6):94(王民波,邹少勇,肖东等.镍基氮化钛金属陶瓷涂层接地网材料制备方法研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 39(6):94)
[22] Hu Y C, Ruan J J, Gong R H, et al. Flexible graphite composite electrical grounding material and its application in tower ground‐ing grid of power transmission system[J]. Power Syst. Technol.,2014, 38:2851(胡元潮,阮江军,龚若涵等.柔性石墨复合接地材料及其在输电线路杆塔接地网中的应用[J].电网技术, 2014, 38:2851)
[23] Xiao W, Hu Y C, Ruan J J, et al. Flexible graphite composite elec‐trical grounding material and its grounding application features[J]. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc., 2017, 32(2):85(肖微,胡元潮,阮江军等.柔性石墨复合接地材料及其接地特性[J].电工技术学报, 2017, 32(2):85)
[24] Yamane H, Ideguchi T, Tokuda M, et al. A new ground resistancereducing material based on water-absorbent polymer[J]. Electr.Commun. Jpn., 1994, 77:68
[2] Lv W Y, Liu S N, Su W, et al. Research progresses in the corrosion and protection of grounding grid at substation[J]. Total Corros.Control, 2013, 27(12):26(吕旺燕,刘世念,苏伟等.变电站接地网腐蚀与防护技术的研究进展[J].全面腐蚀控制, 2013, 27(12):26)
[3] Meng X M, Wang L M, Chen S M, et al. Research status and pros‐pect of grounding material in power engineering[J]. New Chem.Mater., 2016, 44(9):10(孟晓明,王利民,陈思敏等.电力工程接地材料研究现状及展望[J].化工新型材料, 2016, 44(9):10)
[4] Marciniak R, Loboda M, Nowak R. Influence of climatic conditions in China on reliability of power earthing system[A]. 2010 Asia-Pa‐cific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility[C]. Beijing, 2010:1542
[5] Zhu Z P, Ma X, Jing L L, et al. Soil corrosion evaluation of substa‐tion and metal corrosion characteristics analysis for grounding grid[J]. Insulat. Surge Arrest., 2009,(4):18(朱志平,马骁,荆玲玲等.变电站土壤腐蚀性评价及接地网金属腐蚀特性分析[J].电瓷避雷器, 2009,(4):18)
[6] Zha F L, Feng B, He T X. Corrosion behavior of copper grounding materials buried in soil at different depths[J]. Mater. Prot., 2015, 48(3):48(查方林,冯兵,何铁祥.不同埋地深度下铜质接地网材料的腐蚀特性[J].材料保护, 2015, 48(3):48)
[7] Pope D H, Morris E A. Some experiences with microbiologically in‐fluenced corrosion of pipelines[J]. Mater. Perform., 1995, 34:23
[8] Wagner P, Little B. Impact of alloying on microbiologically influ‐enced corrosion-A review[J]. Mater. Perform., 1993, 32:65
[9] Zhu M, Du C W, Li X G, et al. Corrosion behavior of pure copper and copper-clad steels in soil at Dagang district[J]. J. Chin. Soc.Corros. Prot., 2013, 33:496(朱敏,杜翠薇,李晓刚等.纯Cu和铜包钢在大港土壤环境中的腐蚀行为研究[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2013, 33:496)
[10] Wu X M, Li C H, Li S C, et al. Corrosion survey of copper ground‐ing materials in Liaoning[J]. Total Corros. Control, 2015, 29(1):48(吴细毛,李春和,李胜川等.接地网中铜材料的腐蚀调查[J].全面腐蚀控制, 2015, 29(1):48)
[11] Cai Z Z, Cai Y X, Tao S Y, et al. Corrosion performance on several grounding net materials in soils of Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J]. Cor‐ros. Sci. Prot. Technol., 2017, 29:183(蔡忠周,蔡永祥,陶世银等.青藏高原几种接地网材料在土壤中的腐蚀特性研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术, 2017, 29:183)
[12] Xin L L, Li Y W, Jiang J T, et al. Research on corrosion resistance performance of copper coated steel strand for substation earth mat[J]. Zhejiang Electr. Power, 2017, 36(9):44(辛玲玲,李延伟,姜炯挺等.某变电站接地网铜覆钢绞线防腐性能测试研究[J].浙江电力, 2017, 36(9):44)
[13] Yan A J, Wang Y N, Zheng B Y, et al. Study of the corrosion behav‐ior of copper clad steel in soil solution under different pH values[J]. Total Corros. Control, 2014, 28(8):53(闫爱军,王玉娜,郑博野等.不同pH值的土壤溶液中铜包钢的腐蚀行为研究[J].全面腐蚀控制, 2014, 28(8):53)
[14] Lin S, Wu N Q, Li Z Z. Effect of coupling agent on electric con‐ductivity stability of copper filled composite paints[J]. Acta Ma‐ter. Compos. Sin., 1999, 16(4):44(林硕,吴年强,李志章.偶联剂对铜系复合涂料导电稳定性的影响[J].复合材料学报, 1999, 16(4):44)
[15] Cong X M, Wang P, Du Z M. Waterborne acrylic/graphite conduc‐tive coatings[J]. Paint Coat. Ind., 2004, 34(6):20(从小明,王鹏,杜志明.水性丙烯酸/石墨导电涂料[J].涂料工业, 2004, 34(6):20)
[16] Wang Z H, Deng D Y, He X M, et al. Research on the anti-corro‐sion carbon fiber material for the grounding grid[J]. Qinghai Elec‐tr. Power, 2014, 33(3):27(王志惠,邓大勇,何喜梅等.碳纤维接地网防腐材料研究[J].青海电力, 2014, 33(3):27)
[17] Feng Y C, Qu M Z, Zhou G M, et al. Study of the carbon nano‐tubes application to conductive coatings-(I)Effects of the carbon nanotubes on the electrical conductivity of conductive coatings[J]. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2004, 20(2):133(冯永成,瞿美臻,周固民等.碳纳米管在导电涂料中的应用研究—(Ⅰ)碳纳米管对导电涂料导电性的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程, 2004, 20(2):133)
[18] Kitano T, Maeda Y, Akasaka T. Preparation of transparent and con‐ductive thin films of carbon nanotubes using a spreading/coating technique[J]. Carbon, 2009, 47:3559
[19] Yu X, Rajamani R, Stelson K A, et al. Fabrication of carbon nano‐tube based transparent conductive thin films using layer-by-layer technology[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202:2002
[20] Xiao G Z, Tao Y, Lu J P, et al. Highly conductive and transparent carbon nanotube composite thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate solution dipping[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2010, 518:2822
[21] Wang M B, Zou S Y, Xiao D, et al. Study of method for making Ni-TiN cermet coating grounding network material[J]. J. China Three Gorges Univ.(Nat. Sci.), 2017, 39(6):94(王民波,邹少勇,肖东等.镍基氮化钛金属陶瓷涂层接地网材料制备方法研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 39(6):94)
[22] Hu Y C, Ruan J J, Gong R H, et al. Flexible graphite composite electrical grounding material and its application in tower ground‐ing grid of power transmission system[J]. Power Syst. Technol.,2014, 38:2851(胡元潮,阮江军,龚若涵等.柔性石墨复合接地材料及其在输电线路杆塔接地网中的应用[J].电网技术, 2014, 38:2851)
[23] Xiao W, Hu Y C, Ruan J J, et al. Flexible graphite composite elec‐trical grounding material and its grounding application features[J]. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc., 2017, 32(2):85(肖微,胡元潮,阮江军等.柔性石墨复合接地材料及其接地特性[J].电工技术学报, 2017, 32(2):85)
[24] Yamane H, Ideguchi T, Tokuda M, et al. A new ground resistancereducing material based on water-absorbent polymer[J]. Electr.Commun. Jpn., 1994, 77:68